Emergent vascular access : a guide for healthcare professionals / / James H. Paxton, editor

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910497082703321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Cham, Switzerland : , : Springer, , [2021]; ©2021
• ISBN: 3-030-77177-6
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (355 pages)
• Disciplina: 617.05
• Soggetti: Intravenous catheterization; Cateterisme intravascular; Llibres electrònics
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- Abbreviations -- 1: What Is Emergent Vascular Access? -- Introduction -- Reference -- 2: The Physiology and Physics of Vascular Access -- Introduction -- Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System -- The Arterial System -- The Venous System -- Cardiovascular Physiology -- Other Physiological Considerations -- The Physics of Flow -- Vascular Access Devices -- Conclusion -- References -- 3: Landmark-Based Peripheral Intravenous Catheters -- Introduction -- Peripheral Intravenous Catheter Design -- Technique for Landmark-Based PIV Placement -- Common Peripheral Vein Targets -- The Antecubital (AC) Fossa -- The Upper Arm -- The Forearm -- The Hand and Wrist -- The External Jugular Vein -- The Lower Extremity -- Special Considerations for PIV Insertion -- Breast Cancer -- Hemodialysis -- Contractures -- Deep Vein Thrombosis -- Traumatic Injury -- Scar Tissue -- Soft Tissue Edema -- Phlebotomy and Order of Blood Draw -- Conclusions -- References -- 4: Ultrasound-Guided Peripheral Intravenous Catheters -- Introduction -- Indications for US-PIV Insertion -- Contraindications and Complications -- The Ideal Vein for US-PIV Cannulation -- Common Target Veins for US-PIV Cannulation -- The Forearm -- The Upper Arm -- The External Jugular Vein -- Equipment -- Technique -- Positioning -- Common Pitfalls -- Conclusions -- References -- 5: Landmark-Based ; Central Venous Catheters -- The History of Central Venous Cannulation -- Anatomy of the Central Veins -- Indications/Contraindications -- Indications -- Contraindications -- Types of Central Venous Catheters -- Supplies Needed -- Internal Jugular (IJ) Vein Cannulation -- Advantages -- Disadvantages -- Patient Positioning -- Insertion Site Identification -- Identifying the Jugular Vein -- The "Three-Finger Method" -- Needle Direction -- Site-Specific Risks/Complications.; Axillary (AX) Vein Cannulation -- Advantages -- Disadvantages -- Patient Positioning -- Insertion Site Identification -- Needle Direction -- Site-Specific Risks/Complications -- Subclavian (SC) Vein Cannulation: Supraclavicular Approach -- Advantages -- Disadvantages -- Patient Positioning -- Insertion Site Identification -- Needle Direction -- Site-Specific Risks/Complications -- Subclavian (SC) Vein Cannulation: Infraclavicular Approach -- Advantages -- Disadvantages -- Patient Positioning -- Insertion Site Identification -- Needle Direction -- Site-Specific Risks/Complications -- Femoral (FEM) Vein Cannulation -- Advantages -- Disadvantages -- Patient Positioning -- Insertion Site Identification -- Needle Insertion -- Site-Specific Risks/Complications -- Selection of Appropriate CVC Insertion Site -- Complications of Central Venous Cannulation -- Immediate Complications (During or Immediately After Procedure) -- Early Complications (Days After Procedure) -- Delayed Complications (Weeks to Months After Procedure) -- General Considerations for Central Venous Access -- Patient Positioning -- Preparation -- Sterility -- Air Embolism -- Inability to Advance the Guidewire -- Inability to Remove the Guidewire -- Confirmation of Proper Line Placement -- Concern for Arterial Cannulation -- Securing the Catheter -- Depth of Insertion -- Angle of Bend -- Conclusion -- References -- 6: Ultrasound-Guided Central Venous Catheters -- Introduction -- General Considerations -- Introduction to Ultrasound -- Probe/Transducer -- Exam Type -- General Tips for Ultrasound Guidance -- Static Versus Dynamic Techniques -- Static Technique -- Dynamic Technique -- The "In-Plane" Approach -- The "Out-of-Plane" Approach -- Confirming Proper Placement -- Needle Versus Angiocatheter -- Site-Specific Considerations -- Internal Jugular (IJ) Vein -- Subclavian (SC) Vein.; Infraclavicular Approach -- Supraclavicular Approach -- Femoral (FEM) Vein -- Pitfalls -- Complications -- Mechanical Complications -- Infectious Complications -- Documentation -- References -- 7: Intraosseous Catheters -- History of Intraosseous Access -- Physiology of Intraosseous Access -- Indications for Intraosseous Access -- Contraindications for Intraosseous Access -- Common Intraosseous Insertion Sites -- Sternum (Manubrium) -- Clavicle -- Proximal Humerus -- Distal Radius -- Iliac Crest -- Distal Femur -- Proximal Tibia -- Distal Tibia -- Calcaneus -- Complications of Intraosseous Cannulation -- Immediate Complications -- Delayed Complications -- Medications -- Flow Rates -- Time Required for Placement -- Manual Intraosseous Devices -- Semiautomatic Intraosseous Devices -- Confirmation of Proper Placement -- Conclusion -- References -- 8: Special Populations: Pediatrics -- Introduction -- Pediatric Vascular Access Devices -- Intraosseous (IO) Catheter -- Landmark-Based Peripheral Intravenous (PIV) Catheter -- Ultrasound-Guided Peripheral Intravenous (US-PIV) Catheter -- Central Venous Catheter (CVC) -- Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC) -- Umbilical Vein/Artery Catheterization (UVC/UAC) -- Arterial Catheters -- Methods to Enhance Placement Success -- Decision-Making for Pediatric Subjects -- Conclusions -- References -- 9: Special Populations: Cardiac Arrest -- Introduction -- Pathophysiology of Cardiac Arrest -- Medications in Cardiac Arrest -- Epinephrine (Adrenaline) -- Vasopressin -- ; Amiodarone -- Lidocaine -- Magnesium Sulfate -- Sodium Bicarbonate -- Location Matters -- Selection of Vascular Access Device -- Speed of Access -- First-Attempt Success Rates -- Future Directions for OHCA Research -- An Algorithmic Approach to VAD Placement for OHCA -- Conclusions -- References -- 10: Difficult Vascular Access -- Introduction.; Definition of DVA -- Risk Factors for Difficult Vascular Access -- Patient-Specific Causes of DVA -- Vein Visibility -- Venous Cutdown -- Vein Palpability -- Solutions to Enhance Vein Palpability -- Topical Treatments -- Tourniquets -- Alternative Site Infusion -- Anatomic Variation of Veins -- Hazardous Anatomic Structures -- Vessel Size -- Skin Characteristics -- Patient Compliance -- Provider Causes of DVA -- Distractibility -- Fatigue -- High-Pressure Situations -- Experience and Bias -- Environment Causes of DVA -- Additional DVA Risk Factors -- Comorbid Conditions -- Vascular Trauma and Vein Disease -- Coagulopathies -- History of Chemotherapy -- The Effects of Aging -- Pathways for DVA Management -- Conclusions -- References -- 11: Decision-Making for Emergent Vascular Access -- Introduction -- Have a Game Plan -- Environmental Limitations -- Patient Assessment -- Presenting Medical Conditions -- Medication Characteristics -- Provider-Specific Considerations -- Device Limitations -- Guidelines and Policies -- Michigan Appropriateness Guide for Intravenous Catheters (MAGIC) [12] -- Infusion Nurses Society (INS) Infusion Therapy Standards of Practice -- Vessel Health and Preservation: The Right Approach for Vascular Access -- Rapid Assessment of the Central Veins (RaCeVA) and Peripheral Veins (RaPeVA) -- Guidelines for the Prevention of Intravascular Catheter-Related Infections -- A Decision-Making Algorithm -- Conclusions -- References -- 12: The Future of Emergent Vascular Access -- Introduction -- The Future of Peripheral Intravenous Lines -- The Future of Central Venous Catheters -- Ultrasound Guidance -- Portable Ultrasound Devices -- Line Stabilization and Securement -- The Future of Intraosseous Catheters -- Subcutaneous Injection -- Proctoclysis -- Other Anatomic Sites for Venous Access -- Guidelines -- Conclusions -- Bibliography.; 13: Arterial Catheters -- Introduction -- Arterial Anatomy -- Arteries of the Wrist -- Femoral Artery -- Insertion Site Selection -- Indications for Arterial Cannulation -- Contraindications -- Complications -- Procedural Approaches -- General Procedural Preparation -- Seldinger Technique -- Modified Seldinger Technique -- Catheter-Over-Needle Technique -- Pressure Transducer Setup -- Interpreting Arterial Pressure Waveforms -- Troubleshooting the Transducer -- Considerations for Ultrasound -- Considerations for Type of Arterial Catheter -- Arterial Blood Sampling -- Conclusions -- References -- Index.