| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910495353303321 |
|
|
Titolo |
Pulmonary function measurement in noninvasive ventilatory support / / Antonio M. Esquinas, editor |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pubbl/distr/stampa |
|
|
Cham, Switzerland : , : Springer, , [2021] |
|
℗♭2021 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ISBN |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Descrizione fisica |
|
1 online resource (354 pages) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Disciplina |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Soggetti |
|
Artificial respiration |
Respiració artificial |
Pulmó |
Llibres electrònics |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lingua di pubblicazione |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
|
|
|
|
|
Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
|
|
|
|
|
Nota di contenuto |
|
Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- List of Videos -- Part I: Noninvasive Ventilation: Basic Physiology and Pulmonary Function Measurements -- 1: Spontaneous Breathing. Physiology -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Discussion and Analysis of the Main Topic -- 1.2.1 Anatomy and Function -- 1.2.2 Ventilation -- 1.2.3 Lung Circulation/Perfusion -- 1.2.4 Diffusion -- 1.2.5 Breathing Regulation -- 1.3 Conclusion Discussion -- References -- 2: Dyspnea, Pathophysiology in Acute and Chronic Respiratory Failure -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.1.1 Definition -- 2.2 Discussion and Analysis of the Main Topic -- 2.2.1 Pathophysiology of Dyspnea -- 2.2.2 Causes of Dyspnea -- 2.2.3 Evaluation of a Patient with Dyspnea -- 2.2.4 Measures of Dyspnea -- 2.2.5 Management of Dyspnea -- 2.2.6 Pathophysiology of Respiratory Failure -- 2.2.7 Type I Respiratory Failure -- 2.2.8 Type II Respiratory Failure -- 2.2.9 Acute Respiratory Failure -- 2.2.10 Chronic Respiratory Failure -- 2.2.11 Evaluation of Respiratory Failure -- 2.2.12 Management of Respiratory Failure -- 2.3 Conclusion Discussion -- References -- Part II: Noninvasive Ventilation: Pulmonary Function Measurements-Classification, Screening Test and Questionnaires -- 3: Diaphragm Function. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pulmonary Function Testing -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Discussion and Analysis of the Main Topic -- 3.3 Conclusion Discussion -- References -- 4: Respiratory Accessory Muscle, Function of Inspiratory, Expiratory, and Bulbar Muscles -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Discussion and Analysis of the Main Topic -- 4.2.1 Accessory Inspiratory Muscles -- 4.2.1.1 Sternocleidomastoid Muscle -- 4.2.1.2 Sternohyoid-Sternothyroid -- 4.2.1.3 Serratus Anterior -- 4.2.1.4 Pectoralis Major -- 4.2.1.5 Serratus Posterior Superior -- 4.2.2 Expiratory Muscles -- 4.2.3 Bulbar Muscles -- 4.3 Conclusion Discussion. |
References -- 5: Evaluation of Peripheral Airways -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Discussion and Analysis of the Main Topic -- 5.2.1 Spirometry -- 5.2.2 Body Plethysmography -- 5.2.3 Impulse Oscillometry -- 5.2.4 Inert Gas Washout -- 5.2.5 Exhaled Nitric Oxide -- 5.3 Conclusion Discussion -- References -- 6: Lung Compliance Measurement -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Discussion and Analysis of the Main Topic -- 6.2.1 Techniques for Measurement of Lung Compliance -- 6.2.1.1 Measurement of Lung Compliance During Invasive Mechanical Ventilation -- 6.2.1.2 Lung Compliance Measurement During Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation -- 6.2.1.3 Lung Compliance Measurement in Spontaneously Breathing Patients -- 6.2.1.4 Factors Affecting Pulmonary Compliance -- 6.3 Conclusion Discussion -- 6.3.1 Discussion -- 6.3.2 Conclusion -- References -- 7: Evaluation of Pressure, Volume, and Flow Waveforms During NIV -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Discussion and Analysis of the Main Topic -- 7.2.1 Monitoring Pressure, Volume, and Flow Waveforms as a Key to Success -- 7.2.2 Monitoring Basic Parameters -- 7.2.3 The Relevance of Intrinsic Positive End-Expiratory Pressure -- 7.2.4 Evaluation of Leaks -- 7.2.5 Monitoring Patient-Ventilator Asynchrony -- 7.2.5.1 Auto-Triggering -- 7.2.5.2 Triggering Delay and Ineffective Effort -- 7.2.5.3 Double Triggering -- 7.2.5.4 Premature Cycling -- 7.3 Conclusion Discussion -- References -- 8: Cough Evaluation: Measurement and Scores -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Discussion and Analysis of the Main Topic -- 8.2.1 Assessment of Cough Impairment -- 8.2.2 Vital Capacity -- 8.2.3 Peak Cough Flow -- 8.2.4 Maximal Inspiratory Pressure and Maximal Expiratory Pressure -- 8.2.5 Other Techniques -- 8.2.6 Indications to Start Cough-Augmentation Therapies -- 8.3 Conclusion Discussion -- References -- 9: Gas Exchange. |
9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Discussion and Analysis of the Main Topic -- 9.2.1 General Physics Principles: Definitions -- 9.2.2 Ventilation and Perfusion -- 9.2.3 Gas Exchange -- 9.2.4 External Respiration -- 9.2.5 V/Q Disturbances -- 9.2.6 Internal Respiration -- 9.2.7 Diffusion, Ventilation, and Perfusion Limitations -- 9.2.8 Pulmonary Gas Exchange Measurements -- 9.3 Conclusion Discussion -- References -- 10: Biomarkers and Pulmonary Function Test -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Discussion and Analysis of Main Topic -- 10.2.1 Clinical Markers -- 10.2.2 Lung Volume-Pressure Markers -- 10.2.2.1 Spirometry -- 10.2.2.2 Lung Volumes -- 10.2.2.3 Maximal Respiratory Pressures -- 10.2.2.4 Diffusing Capacity for Carbon Monoxide -- 10.2.3 Image Markers -- 10.2.4 Lung Tissue Markers -- 10.2.4.1 Gene Expression Markers -- 10.2.4.2 Protein Markers -- 10.2.5 Blood Markers -- 10.2.5.1 Inflammatory Markers -- 10.2.5.2 Oxidative Stress Biomarkers -- 10.2.5.3 Biomarkers of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) -- 10.2.5.4 Arterial Blood Gases -- 10.2.5.5 Telomeres and Sirtuins -- 10.2.6 Sputum Biomarkers -- 10.2.7 Exhaled Breath Biomarkers -- 10.2.7.1 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) -- 10.2.7.2 Exhaled Breath Condensate (EBC) -- 10.3 Conclusion -- References -- Part III: Are There Any Specific Clinical |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Noninvasive Ventilation Indications and Pulmonary Function Measurement? -- 11: Dyspnea During Noninvasive Ventilation Implications for Respiratory Function -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Discussion and Analysis of the Main Topic -- 11.2.1 Definition and Physiopathology of Dyspnea -- 11.2.2 Measurements and Assessment -- 11.2.3 Dyspnea Approach in Noninvasive Ventilated Patient -- 11.2.4 Clinical Relevance of Dyspnea in Mechanically Ventilated Patients -- 11.3 Conclusion Discussion -- References. |
12: Pulmonary Function in Rare Pulmonary Diseases -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Discussion and Analysis -- 12.2.1 Pulmonary Function Tests -- 12.2.2 Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis -- 12.2.3 Lymphangioleiomyomatosis -- 12.2.4 Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis -- 12.2.5 Idiopathic Chronic Eosinophilic Pneumonia -- 12.2.6 Cystic Fibrosis -- 12.2.7 Alpha 1 Antitrypsin Deficiency -- 12.3 Conclusion Discussion -- 12.4 Key Recommendations -- References -- 13: Chronic Neuromuscular Disorders -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Discussion and Analysis of the Main Topic -- 13.2.1 Spirometry -- 13.2.2 Respiratory Muscle Pressures -- 13.2.3 Peak Cough Flow -- 13.2.4 Arterial (or Capillary) Blood Gases -- 13.3 Conclusions -- References -- 14: Continuous Noninvasive Ventilator Support (Neuromuscular Disorders) -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Discussion and Analysis of the Main Topic -- 14.2.1 Interfaces -- 14.2.2 Ventilator and Ventilator Settings -- 14.3 Conclusion Discussion -- References -- 15: Chest Wall Disorders -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.1.1 Kyphoscoliosis -- 15.1.2 Ankylosing Spondylitis -- 15.1.3 Pectus Excavatum -- 15.1.4 Pectus Carinatum -- 15.1.5 Poland Syndrome -- 15.1.6 Marfan Syndrome -- 15.1.7 Sternal Defects -- 15.1.8 Costa and Cartilage Anomalies -- 15.2 Discussion and Analysis of Main Topic -- 15.3 Conclusion Discussion -- References -- 16: Chronic Obstructive and Cystic Fibrosis Respiratory Disorders -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Discussion and Analysis of the Main Topic -- 16.2.1 Pathogenesis -- 16.2.1.1 Inflammatory Cells and Mediators -- 16.2.1.2 Protease and Antiprotease Imbalance -- 16.2.1.3 Oxidative Stress -- 16.2.2 Pathophysiology -- 16.2.2.1 Mucous Hypersecretion and Ciliary Dysfunction -- 16.2.2.2 Airflow Obstruction and Hyperinflation or "Air Trapping" -- 16.2.2.3 Gas Exchange Abnormalities. |
16.2.2.4 Pulmonary Hypertension -- 16.2.3 Respiratory Physiology -- 16.2.3.1 Spirometry -- 16.2.3.2 Lung Volumes -- 16.2.3.3 DLCO -- 16.2.4 Noninvasive Ventilation in COPD -- 16.3 Conclusion Discussion -- References -- 17: Cystic Fibrosis -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Discussion and Analysis of the Main Topic -- 17.2.1 Pathogenesis -- 17.2.2 Pathophysiology -- 17.2.3 Lung Function -- 17.2.4 Noninvasive Ventilation in Cystic Fibrosis -- 17.3 Conclusion Discussion -- References -- 18: Should NPPV be Used for Respiratory Management of Asthma Attacks? -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 Discussion and Analysis of the Main Topic -- 18.3 Conclusion Discussion -- 18.3.1 Criteria for Introducing NPPV in Asthma -- 18.3.2 Initial Settings for NPPV -- 18.3.3 Monitoring while Using NPPV -- 18.3.4 Indications for Tracheal Intubation -- 18.3.5 NPPV Withdrawal Criteria -- References -- 19: Pulmonary Function Measurement in Noninvasive Ventilatory Support: Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome -- 19.1 Introduction -- 19.2 Discussion and Analysis of the Main Topic -- 19.2.1 Pathophysiology -- 19.2.2 Diagnostic Tests -- 19.2.3 Treatment -- 19.3 Conclusion Discussion -- References -- 20: Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Sleep-Disordered Breathing -- 20.1 Introduction -- 20.2 Discussion and Analysis of the Main Topic -- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
20.2.1 Sleep Physiopathology -- 20.2.2 Pulmonary Function -- 20.2.3 Sleep Disorder Breathing -- 20.2.4 Obstructive Sleep Apnea Disorder -- 20.2.5 Central Sleep Apnea Syndrome -- 20.2.6 Sleep-Related Hypoventilation Syndromes -- 20.2.6.1 Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome -- 20.2.6.2 Neuromuscular Disorders -- 20.2.6.3 Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome -- 20.2.6.4 Others -- 20.3 Conclusion Discussion -- References -- 21: Chronic Heart Failure -- 21.1 Introduction -- 21.2 Discussion and Analysis of the Main Topic. |
21.2.1 Continuous Positive Airways Pressure (CPAP). |
|
|
|
|
|
| |