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Record Nr. |
UNINA9910495154503321 |
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Titolo |
Conservation Agriculture: A Sustainable Approach for Soil Health and Food Security : Conservation Agriculture for Sustainable Agriculture / / edited by Somasundaram Jayaraman, Ram C. Dalal, Ashok K. Patra, Suresh K. Chaudhari |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Singapore : , : Springer Nature Singapore : , : Imprint : Springer, , 2021 |
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ISBN |
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Edizione |
[1st ed. 2021.] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (626 pages) |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Agriculture |
Soil science |
Biotic communities |
Environment |
Environmental sciences - Social aspects |
Soil Science |
Ecosystems |
Environmental Sciences |
Environmental Social Sciences |
Agricultura de conservació |
Agricultura sostenible |
Sòls agrícoles |
Llibres electrònics |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Editors -- 1: Conservation Agriculture: Issues, Prospects, and Challenges in Rainfed Regions of India -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Conservation Agriculture -- 1.3 Conservation Tillage -- 1.4 Key Principles of CA -- 1.5 Status of Conservation Agriculture -- 1.6 Challenges in Adoption of Conservation Agriculture -- 1.7 Rainfed Agriculture Scenario -- 1.7.1 Residue Burning -- 1.7.2 Lack of Appropriate Machinery -- 1.7.3 Weed Management -- 1.7.4 Difficulty in Input Use -- 1.7.5 Farmers´ |
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Perception -- 1.8 Technological Gaps -- 1.9 Expected Benefits from Adoption of CA Practices -- 1.10 Pressential for Adoption of CA -- 1.11 CA Interventions for Untapped Rainfed Regions -- 1.12 Conclusions -- References -- 2: Strategic or Occasional Tillage: A Promising Option to Manage Limitations of no-Tillage Farming -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Drivers for Occasional Strategic Tillage -- 2.2.1 Soil- and Stubble-Borne Pathogens -- 2.2.2 Insect Pests -- 2.2.3 Herbicide-Resistant Weeds -- 2.2.4 Stratification of Nutrients and Carbon -- 2.2.5 Soil Structural Issues -- 2.3 Effects of Occasional Strategic Tillage on Soil Properties, the Environment, and Crop Agronomy -- 2.3.1 Soil Hydraulic Properties and Processes -- 2.3.2 Soil Chemical Properties and Processes -- 2.3.2.1 Soil Organic Carbon and Nitrogen -- 2.3.2.2 Nutrient Stratification -- 2.3.3 Soil Fauna and Flora -- 2.3.4 Crop Productivity and Reliability -- 2.3.5 Crop Reliability in Variable Seasons -- 2.3.6 Environmental Effects -- 2.3.6.1 Erosion and Runoff -- 2.3.6.2 Greenhouse Gas Fluxes -- 2.3.6.3 Pollution of Water Courses -- 2.4 Strategic Tillage within the NT Management System: Where, When, and How? -- 2.4.1 Timing of Tillage Operations -- 2.4.2 Soil Water Content -- 2.4.3 Purpose of Tillage -- 2.4.4 Tillage Implement and Frequency -- 2.5 Conclusions. |
References -- 3: No-till Farming: Agronomic Intervention through Cover Cropping for Enhancing Crop Productivity -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 ``No-till´´ as a Concept -- 3.3 No-till and Adoption Incentives -- 3.4 Crop Yields in Relation to no-till -- 3.5 Agronomic Interventions for Increasing Crop Productivity in no-till -- 3.5.1 Sowing into Crop Residues -- 3.5.2 Cover Cropping Practices -- 3.6 Cover Crop and its Influence on Crop Yield -- 3.7 Cover Crop Management -- 3.8 Crop Rotation -- 3.9 Conclusions -- References -- 4: Inbuilt Mechanisms for Managing Weeds in Conservation Agriculture Systems: A Revisit -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Weed and Weed Seed Ecology Under CA Systems -- 4.3 CA Components in Weed Management -- 4.3.1 Principle 1: Tillage Systems -- 4.3.1.1 No-Till -- 4.3.1.2 Weed Seed Predation -- 4.3.1.3 Reduced Tillage -- 4.3.1.4 Tillage Systems in Cropping Systems -- 4.3.1.5 Zero Disturbance Systems -- 4.3.1.6 Reduced/Minimum Disturbance Systems -- 4.3.2 Principle 2: Cover Crops and Its Residues -- 4.3.3 Principle 3: Crop Rotation and Diversification -- 4.4 Conclusions -- References -- 5: Conservation Agriculture in Cotton-Based System: Impact on Soil Properties -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.1.1 Soil Physical Properties -- 5.1.2 Soil Structure -- 5.1.3 Bulk Density -- 5.1.4 Soil Compaction and Penetration Resistance -- 5.1.5 Infiltration Rate -- 5.1.6 Soil Erosion -- 5.2 Soil Chemical Properties -- 5.2.1 Soil Organic Carbon -- 5.2.2 Available Nutrients -- 5.2.3 Stratification of Organic C and Nutrients -- 5.2.4 Salinity and Sodicity -- 5.2.5 Soil Biological Properties -- 5.2.6 Soil Enzyme Activities -- 5.2.7 Soil Microbial Biomass -- 5.2.8 Microbial Population, Community Structure, and Diversity -- 5.2.9 Transgenic Cotton Effects on Soil Biological Properties -- 5.2.10 Macrofauna -- 5.3 Conclusions -- References. |
6: Impact of Conservation Agriculture and Residue Management on Soil Properties, Crop Productivity Under Pulse-Based Cropping ... -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Crop Yield and System Productivity Under Pulse-Based Cropping Systems in CA -- 6.3 Impact of CA on Soil Properties in Pulse-Based Cropping Systems -- 6.3.1 Physical Properties -- 6.3.1.1 Soil Aggregation -- 6.3.1.2 Bulk Density and Hydraulic Conductivity -- 6.3.1.3 Soil Porosity -- 6.3.2 Chemical Properties -- 6.3.2.1 Nitrogen Economy -- 6.3.2.2 Soil pH -- 6.3.3 Biological Properties -- 6.4 Soil Health Under Pulse-Based Cropping System in CA -- 6.5 Conclusions -- References -- 7: Impact of Conservation Agriculture on Soil Health and Crop Productivity under Irrigated Ecosystems -- 7.1 Introduction |
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-- 7.2 Why Conservation Agriculture? -- 7.3 Conservation Agriculture: Principles -- 7.3.1 Minimal Soil Disturbance -- 7.3.2 Permanent Organic Soil Cover -- 7.3.3 Diversified Crop Rotation with a Legume -- 7.4 Global Area under Conservation Agriculture -- 7.5 Soil Health under Conservation Agriculture -- 7.5.1 Soil Physical Health/Quality -- 7.5.1.1 Soil Structure and Aggregation -- 7.5.1.2 Soil Bulk Density and Penetration Resistance -- 7.5.1.3 Soil Porosity -- 7.5.1.4 Hydraulic Conductivity -- 7.5.1.5 Infiltration and Runoff -- 7.5.1.6 Least Limiting Water Range (LLWR) -- 7.5.2 Soil Chemical Health/Quality -- 7.5.2.1 Soil pH -- 7.5.2.2 Cation Exchange Capacity -- 7.5.2.3 Total Organic C, Total N, and C:N -- 7.5.3 Soil Biological Health/Quality -- 7.5.3.1 Potentially Mineralizable N (PMN) -- 7.5.3.2 Soil Microbial Biomass C and N -- 7.5.3.3 Soil Enzyme Activities -- 7.5.3.4 Proportion of Labile Organic C and N Fractions in Total Organic C and Total N -- 7.6 Crop Yield and Resource-Use Efficiency -- 7.7 Issues Related to Adoption of Conservation Agriculture -- 7.8 Conclusions -- References. |
8: Impact of Conservation Agriculture on Soil Properties and Crop Productivity Under Rice-Fallow Ecology in Eastern India -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Conservation Agriculture in Rice Fallows -- 8.3 Production Constraints in Rice Fallows -- 8.3.1 Climatic Variability -- 8.3.2 Distribution of Rice-Fallow Areas -- 8.3.3 Challenges of Rice Fallow -- 8.3.4 Scope for Cultivation of Pulses and Oilseeds in Rice Fallows -- 8.3.5 Initiated Research and Development Programmes on Pulses and Oilseeds -- 8.3.6 Strategies for the Production of Pulses and Oilseeds -- 8.4 Soil Properties -- 8.5 Soil Moisture Content and Water Use Efficiency -- 8.6 Soil Moisture Variability in Winter Crops in Rice Fallows -- 8.7 Crop Productivity -- 8.8 Conclusions -- References -- 9: Exploring Conservation Agricultural Practices in Bundelkhand Region, Central India -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.1.1 Soils -- 9.1.2 Climate -- 9.1.3 Water Resources -- 9.1.4 Land Use Pattern and Agricultural Land Use -- 9.2 Conservation Agriculture in the Region -- 9.2.1 Key Principles of Conservation Agriculture -- 9.2.1.1 Permanent Soil Cover -- 9.2.1.2 Minimum Soil Disturbance -- 9.2.1.3 Crop Rotation -- 9.2.2 Conservation Agriculture in India and Bundelkhand (History and Current Status) -- 9.2.3 Need and Importance of Conservation Agriculture for Bundelkhand Region -- 9.3 Conservation Agriculture Techniques for Bundelkhand Region -- 9.3.1 Conservation Tillage -- 9.3.2 Crop Diversification/Rotation -- 9.3.3 Green Manuring -- 9.3.4 Vermicompost -- 9.3.5 In Situ Moisture Conservation -- 9.3.5.1 Mulching -- 9.3.5.2 Trenching and Microcatchments -- 9.3.5.3 Contour Bunding -- 9.4 Obstacles in the Adoption of CA in Bundelkhand Region -- 9.5 Conservation Agriculture in Bundelkhand Region: A Way Forward -- 9.6 Conclusions -- References. |
10: Conservation Agriculture in the North Eastern Himalayan Eco-Region of India -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.1.1 Land Forming/Shaping and Crop Planning/Selection -- 10.1.2 Conservation Contour Terracing -- 10.2 CA Approaches for Low Altitude Region -- 10.3 CA Approaches for Mid-AltitudeRegion -- 10.4 CA Approaches for High AltitudeRegion -- 10.5 Adoption Constraints of CA in the Eastern Himalayan Region -- 10.6 Conclusions -- References -- 11: Impact of Conservation Agriculture and Residue Management on Soil Properties Under Sugarcane-Based Cropping Systems -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Sugarcane Statistics: Conservation Agriculture Perspective -- 11.3 Conservation Agriculture for Sugarcane-Based Cropping Systems in India -- 11.4 Effects of Conservation Agriculture on Soil Health -- 11.4.1 Physical Properties of Soil -- 11.4.2 Chemical Properties of Soils -- 11.4.3 Biological Properties of Soils -- 11.5 Challenges in the Adoption of CA in Sugarcane-Based Cropping System -- 11.6 Future |
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Perspective -- References -- 12: Can Conservation Agriculture Deliver Its Benefits in Arid Soils?: An Overview -- 12.1 Conservation Agriculture: Principles and Global Distribution -- 12.2 Characteristics and Spread of Arid Soils -- 12.3 Prospects of Adopting CA for Grain Production in Arid Land -- 12.4 Does CA as a Climate Mitigation Strategy Work the Same in Arid Soils? -- 12.5 CA in Arid Soil with Limited SOC -- 12.6 Cover Crops as a Component of CA in Arid Soil -- 12.7 Effects of Adopting CA on Arid Soil Biology -- 12.8 CA Effects on Soil Salinity -- 12.9 Suitability and Challenges of CA in Arid Soils -- 12.10 A Rotation System of Tillage for Arid Soils -- 12.11 Conclusions -- References -- 13: Conservation Agriculture: Carbon Turnover and Carbon Sequestration for Enhancing Soil Sustainability and Mitigation of Cli... -- 13.1 Introduction. |
13.2 Soil Organic Carbon Turnover. |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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Feeding the increasing global population, which is projected to reach ~10 billion by 2050, there has been increasing demands for more improved/sustainable agricultural management practices that can be followed by farmers to improve productivity without jeopardizing the environment and ecosystem. Indeed, about 95% of our food directly or indirectly comes from soil. It is a precious resource, and sustainable soil management is a critical socio–economic and environmental issue. Maintaining the environmental sustainability while the world is facing resource degradation, increasing climate change and population explosion is the current challenge of every food production sectors. Thus, there is an urgent need to evolve a holistic approach such as conservation agriculture to sustain higher crop productivity in the country without deteriorating soil health. Conservation Agriculture (CA), is a sustainable approach to manage agro–ecosystems in order to improve productivity, increase farm profitabilty and food security and also enhance the resource base and environment. Worldwide, it has been reported various benefits and prospects in adopting CA technologies in different agro-climatic conditions. Yet, CA in arid and semi-arid regions of India and parts of south Asia raises uncertainities due to its extreme climates, large scale residue burning, soil erosion and other constraints such as low water holding capacity, high potential evapotranspiration, etc . Thus, the proposed book has 30 chapters addressing all issues relevant to conservation agriculture/no-till farming system. The book also gives further strengthening existing knowledge in relation to soil physical, chemical and biological processes and health within close proximity of CA as well as machinery requirements. Moreover, the information on carbon (C) sequestration, C credits, greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, mitigation of climate change effects and socio-economic view on CA under diverse ecologies namely rainfed, irrigated and hill eco-region is also deliberated. For large scale adoption of CA practices in South Asian region especially in India and other countries need dissemination of best-bet CA technologies for dominant soil types/cropping systems through participatory mode, strong linkages and institutional mechanism and public-private-policy support. We hope this book gives a comprehensive and clear picture about conservation agriculture/no-till farming and its associated problem, challenges, prospects and benefits. This book shall be highly useful reference material to researchers, scientists, students, farmers and land managers for efficient and sustainable management of natural resources. |
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