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Record Nr. |
UNINA9910494563903321 |
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Titolo |
Clinical foundations of musculoskeletal medicine : a manual for medical students / / edited by Robert J. Esther |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Cham, Switzerland : , : Springer, , [2021] |
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ISBN |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (412 pages) |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Musculoskeletal system - Diseases |
Musculoskeletal system - Diseases - Diagnosis |
Aparell locomotor |
Medicina clínica |
Llibres electrònics |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- Part I: Principles of Musculoskeletal Health and Disease -- 1: Incidence and Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disease -- 1.1 Epidemiology of Musculoskeletal Conditions -- 1.2 Socioeconomic Impact of Musculoskeletal Disease -- 1.3 Developing Quality Education in Musculoskeletal Medicine -- References -- 2: Musculoskeletal Tissues and Anatomy -- 2.1 Joints -- 2.2 Cartilage -- 2.3 Bone -- 2.4 Bone Formation -- 2.5 Muscular System -- 2.6 Skeletal Muscle -- References -- 3: Introduction to Musculoskeletal Imaging -- 3.1 Conventional Radiography -- 3.2 Computed Tomography (CT) -- 3.3 Nuclear Medicine -- 3.4 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) -- 3.5 Ultrasound (US) -- 3.6 Interventional Radiology -- 3.7 Summary -- 4: Basic Bone Metabolism -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Important Definitions -- 4.3 Overview of the Skeletal System -- 4.3.1 Purposes -- 4.3.2 Structure -- 4.3.3 Bone Remodeling -- 4.4 Regulation of Bone Development -- 4.4.1 Hormones That Affect Calcium and Phosphate Homeostasis -- 4.4.2 Hormones That Affect Bone Resorption -- 4.5 Measures of Bone Quality and Turnover -- 4.5.1 Imaging -- 4.5.2 Biochemical Markers for Bone Turnover -- References -- 5: Principles of Diagnosis |
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and Treatment of Bone Remodeling Disorders -- 5.1 Diagnosis of Bone Remodeling Disorders -- 5.1.1 Common Disorders of Bone Remodeling -- 5.1.1.1 Osteoporosis -- 5.1.1.2 Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder -- 5.1.1.3 Paget's Disease of the Bone -- 5.1.1.4 Osteopetrosis -- 5.1.2 History -- 5.1.3 Physical Exam -- 5.1.4 Diagnostic Workup -- 5.1.4.1 Laboratory Abnormalities -- 5.1.4.2 Radiographic Changes -- 5.1.4.3 Role of Bone Biopsy -- 5.2 Treatment of Bone Remodeling Disorders -- 5.3 Diagnosis of Paget's Disease of the Bone -- 5.3.1 History and Clinical Presentation. |
5.3.2 Physical Exam -- 5.3.3 Differential Diagnosis -- 5.3.4 Diagnostic Workup -- 5.3.4.1 Laboratory Abnormalities -- 5.3.4.2 Radiographic Changes -- 5.3.4.3 Bone Biopsy -- 5.4 Pathogenesis of Paget's Disease of the Bone -- 5.5 Treatment of Paget's Disease of the Bone -- 5.5.1 Indications for Treatment -- 5.5.2 Treatment Options -- 5.5.3 Side Effects -- 5.5.4 Monitoring -- 5.5.5 Retreatment -- 5.5.6 Surgery -- Referecnes -- 6: Principles of Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteomalacia -- 6.1 Definition of Osteomalacia -- 6.1.1 Clinical Presentation -- 6.1.2 Pathogenesis -- 6.1.3 Differential Diagnosis -- 6.1.4 Common Etiologies of Osteomalacia -- 6.1.5 Physical Exam Findings -- 6.1.6 Diagnostic Workup -- 6.1.6.1 Laboratory Abnormalities -- 6.1.6.2 Radiologic Changes -- 6.1.6.3 Bone Mineral Density Changes -- 6.1.6.4 Bone Biopsy -- 6.2 Etiology of Osteomalacia -- 6.2.1 Vitamin D Deficiency -- 6.2.2 Renal Disease -- 6.2.3 Medications -- 6.2.4 Hypophosphatemia -- 6.2.5 Hypophosphatasia -- 6.2.6 Tumor-Induced Osteomalacia -- 6.2.7 Rare Causes -- 6.3 Treatment -- References -- 7: Principles of Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoporosis -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Important Definitions -- 7.3 Pathophysiology of Osteoporosis -- 7.3.1 Sex Hormone Deficiencies -- 7.3.2 Glucocorticoids and Other Medications -- 7.3.3 Other Factors -- 7.4 Diagnosis of Osteoporosis -- 7.4.1 History -- 7.4.2 Physical Exam -- 7.4.3 Diagnostic Workup -- 7.4.3.1 Laboratory -- 7.4.3.2 Imaging -- 7.4.3.3 Bone Biopsy -- 7.5 Treatment of Osteoporosis -- 7.5.1 Lifestyle Modifications -- 7.5.2 Calcium and Vitamin D -- 7.5.3 Bisphosphonates -- 7.5.3.1 Alendronate -- 7.5.3.2 Risedronate -- 7.5.3.3 Zoledronic Acid -- 7.5.3.4 Ibandronate -- 7.5.3.5 Serious Bisphosphonate Adverse Reactions -- 7.5.3.6 Atypical Femur Fractures. |
7.5.3.7 Jaw Osteonecrosis -- 7.5.4 Denosumab -- 7.5.5 Teriparatide and Abaloparatide -- 7.5.6 Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators -- 7.5.7 Estrogen Therapy -- 7.5.8 Special Populations -- 7.5.8.1 Premenopausal Women -- 7.5.8.2 Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease -- 7.5.8.3 Patients on Chronic Glucocorticoid Therapy -- References -- Part II: Rheumatic Diseases -- 8: Rheumatoid Arthritis -- 8.1 Risk Factors -- 8.2 Pathophysiology -- 8.3 Clinical Presentation -- 8.3.1 Articular Features -- 8.3.2 Extra-Articular Features -- 8.4 Laboratory Studies -- 8.5 Imaging -- 8.5.1 Plain Radiographs -- 8.5.2 Ultrasound -- 8.5.3 MRI -- 8.6 Diagnostic Approach -- 8.7 Treatment -- 8.7.1 Non-pharmacologic Management -- 8.7.2 Pharmacologic Therapy -- 8.7.3 Surgical Management -- References -- 9: Osteoarthritis -- 9.1 Epidemiology of Osteoarthritis -- 9.1.1 Classification Criteria -- 9.1.2 Definitions of Osteoarthritis -- 9.1.3 Frequency of Osteoarthritis -- 9.1.3.1 Radiographic Osteoarthritis -- 9.1.3.2 Symptomatic Osteoarthritis -- 9.1.3.3 Lifetime Risk of OA -- 9.2 Risk Factors and Etiology -- 9.3 Pathophysiology -- 9.4 Clinical Features -- 9.4.1 General -- 9.4.2 Joint-Specific -- 9.4.2.1 Knee -- 9.4.2.2 Hip -- 9.4.2.3 Hand -- 9.4.2.4 Other Sites -- 9.4.2.5 Multi- |
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Joint -- 9.5 Diagnostic Testing -- 9.5.1 Laboratory Testing -- 9.5.2 Imaging Findings -- 9.5.2.1 Conventional Radiography -- 9.5.2.2 Magnetic Resonance Imaging -- 9.5.2.3 Ultrasound -- 9.6 Principles of Management -- 9.6.1 Non-pharmacologic -- 9.6.1.1 Education and Self-Management -- 9.6.1.2 Exercise and Weight Loss -- 9.6.1.3 Assistive Devices -- 9.6.1.4 Alternative and Complementary Approaches -- 9.6.1.5 Surgical Interventions -- 9.6.2 Pharmacologic -- 9.6.2.1 Intra-articular Therapy -- 9.7 Consequences and Comorbidities -- 9.8 Conclusion. |
References -- 10: Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Clinical Features -- 10.2.1 Musculoskeletal Features -- 10.2.2 Non-musculoskeletal Features -- 10.3 Physical Exam -- 10.4 Laboratory Features -- 10.5 Imaging -- 10.5.1 Plain Radiographs -- 10.5.2 Magnetic Resonance Imaging -- 10.6 Specific Forms of the Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies -- 10.6.1 Ankylosing Spondylitis -- 10.6.2 Non-radiographic Axial Spondyloarthropathy -- 10.6.3 Psoriatic Arthritis -- 10.6.4 IBD-Associated Arthritis -- 10.6.5 Reactive Arthritis -- 10.6.6 Juvenile Spondyloarthropathy -- 10.7 Treatment -- 10.7.1 Nonpharmacologic Strategies -- 10.7.2 Pharmacologic Strategies -- References -- 11: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus -- 11.1 Demographics and Epidemiology -- 11.2 Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology -- 11.3 Clinical Manifestations and Disease Course -- 11.3.1 Constitutional Symptoms -- 11.3.2 Skin and Mucous Membrane Involvement -- 11.3.3 Musculoskeletal -- 11.3.4 Cardiovascular -- 11.3.5 Lungs -- 11.3.6 Nervous System -- 11.3.7 Hematologic -- 11.3.8 Renal Disease -- 11.4 Autoimmune Serologies -- 11.5 Diagnosis -- 11.6 Treatment -- 11.6.1 Lifestyle Modifications -- 11.6.2 Pharmacologic Therapy -- 11.6.2.1 Hydroxychloroquine -- 11.6.2.2 Corticosteroids -- 11.6.2.3 Immunosuppressants -- 11.6.2.4 Biologic Therapy -- References -- 12: Crystalline Arthropathy -- 12.1 Gout -- 12.1.1 Epidemiology -- 12.1.2 Pathophysiology -- 12.1.3 Clinical Presentation -- 12.1.4 Diagnosis -- 12.1.5 Treatment -- 12.1.5.1 Lifestyle Modifications -- 12.1.5.2 Pharmacologic Therapy -- 12.2 Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Deposition (CPPD) Arthropathy or Pseudogout -- 12.2.1 Epidemiology -- 12.2.2 Pathophysiology -- 12.2.3 Clinical Presentation -- 12.2.4 Diagnosis -- 12.2.5 Treatment -- References. |
Part III: Musculoskeletal Infection, Vascular, and Neoplastic Diseases -- 13: Microbes in Bone and Joint Infections -- 13.1 Osteomyelitis -- 13.1.1 Introduction -- 13.1.2 Acute Osteomyelitis -- 13.1.2.1 Acute Osteomyelitis in Sickle Cell Patients -- 13.1.3 Vertebral Osteomyelitis -- 13.1.3.1 Tuberculous Osteomyelitis -- 13.1.4 Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis -- 13.2 Infective Arthritis -- 13.2.1 Introduction -- 13.2.2 Native Joint Arthritis -- 13.2.2.1 Bacterial (Septic) Arthritis -- Lyme Arthritis -- 13.2.2.2 Viral Arthritis -- 13.2.3 Prosthetic Joint Infections -- References -- 14: Principles of Musculoskeletal Infections -- 14.1 Osteomyelitis -- 14.1.1 Overview -- 14.1.1.1 Definition -- 14.1.1.2 Immune Response -- 14.1.1.3 Bone Response -- 14.1.1.4 Routes of Infection -- 14.1.2 Hematogenous Osteomyelitis -- 14.1.2.1 Pathogenesis -- 14.1.2.2 Bacteriology -- 14.1.2.3 Pathology -- 14.1.2.4 Radiographic Manifestations -- 14.1.2.5 Clinical Course -- 14.1.2.6 Complications -- 14.1.2.7 Treatment -- 14.1.3 Exogenous Osteomyelitis -- 14.1.3.1 Etiology -- 14.1.3.2 Pathology -- 14.1.3.3 Clinical Course -- 14.1.3.4 Fracture and Implant/Hardware Infection -- 14.2 Septic Arthritis -- 14.2.1 Etiology -- 14.2.2 Bacteriology -- 14.2.3 Pathogenesis -- 14.2.4 Clinical Features -- 14.2.5 Diagnosis -- 14.2.6 Treatment -- 14.2.7 Complications -- 14.3 Prosthetic Joint Infection -- 14.3.1 Etiology -- 14.3.2 Bacteriology -- 14.3.3 Clinical |
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Features -- 14.3.4 Diagnosis -- 14.3.5 Treatment -- 14.3.6 Complications -- References -- 15: Vascular Disorders of Bone -- 15.1 Understanding Avascular Necrosis -- 15.2 Pathophysiology of Avascular Necrosis -- 15.3 Avascular Necrosis Throughout the Musculoskeletal System -- 15.4 Imaging Findings in Avascular Necrosis -- 15.5 Bone Infarct -- 15.6 Pediatric Osteochondroses. |
15.6.1 Pathophysiology and Natural History. |
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