Tumor microenvironments in organs : from the brain to the skin - part B / / Alexander Birbrair

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910488732003321
• Autore: Birbrair Alexander
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Cham, Switzerland : , : Springer, , [2021]; ©2021
• ISBN: 3-030-59038-0
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (383 pages)
• Collana: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ; ; v.1296
• Disciplina: 571.978
• Soggetti: Cancer - Molecular aspects; Tumors; Càncer; Òrgans (Anatomia); Llibres electrònics
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- 1: Targeting Glioblastoma Tumor Microenvironment -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Factors Contributing TME -- 1.2.1 Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) -- 1.2.2 Immune and Inflammatory Cells -- 1.2.3 Blood and Lymphatic Vascular Networks -- 1.2.4 Extracellular Matrix -- 1.2.5 Signaling Molecules -- 1.3 Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment in GBM -- 1.4 Conclusion -- References -- 2: Recent Advances in Head and Neck Tumor Microenvironment-Based Therapy -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Head and Neck Tumor Microenvironment -- 2.2.1 Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts -- 2.2.2 Immune Cells -- 2.2.2.1 Tumor-Associated Macrophages (TAMs) -- 2.2.2.2 Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells -- 2.2.2.3 Regulatory T Cells (T-Regs) -- 2.2.2.4 Neutrophils -- 2.2.2.5 Natural Killer Cells -- 2.2.3 Pericytes -- 2.2.4 Extracellular Matrix -- 2.2.5 Nerves and HNSCC TME -- 2.3 Targeting TME in HNSCC -- 2.4 Conclusion and Future Directions -- References -- 3: Meningioma Tumor Microenvironment -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Cellular Constituents -- 3.2.1 Meningioma Proliferative Cells -- 3.2.2 Meningioma Stem Cells ; -- 3.2.3 Immune Cells -- 3.3 Extracellular Matrix (ECM) Components -- 3.3.1 ECM Proteins -- 3.3.2 Peritumoral Edema -- References -- 4: The Microenvironment of Tongue Cancer -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Components of the Microenvironment and Their Interplay with Tongue Cancer -- 4.2.1 Infiltrated Immune Cells -- 4.2.1.1 Regulatory T Cells -- 4.2.1.2 T Cells -- 4.2.1.3 Natural Killer (NK) Cells -- 4.2.1.4 Dendritic Cells -- 4.2.1.5 B Cells -- 4.2.1.6 Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells -- 4.2.1.7 Tumor-Associated Macrophage -- 4.2.2 Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) -- 4.2.3 Extracellular Matrix (ECM) -- 4.2.4 Extracellular Vesicles in Tongue Cancer Microenvironment.; 4.2.4.1 Cancer-Derived Extracellular Vesicles to Cancer or Normal Epithelial Cells -- 4.2.4.2 Fibroblast-Derived Extracellular Vesicles to Cancer Cells -- 4.2.4.3 Cancer-Derived Exosomes to Fibroblasts -- 4.2.4.4 Extracellular Vesicles in Angiogenesis -- 4.2.4.5 Cancer Cell-Derived EVs to Immune Cells -- 4.2.4.6 Bioengineered EVs in Tongue Tumor Microenvironment -- 4.2.5 Perspectives -- 4.2.5.1 Liquid Biopsy -- 4.2.5.2 Drug Delivering -- 4.3 The Intrinsic Characteristics of Microenvironment -- 4.3.1 Stiffness -- 4.3.1.1 Interaction Between Stiffness and Cells -- 4.3.2 Cell Death in the TME of TSCC and Its Relation to Metastasis -- 4.3.2.1 Apoptosis -- 4.3.2.2 Regulated Necrosis (RN) -- 4.3.2.3 Necroptosis -- 4.3.2.4 Other Types of Regulated Necrosis -- 4.3.2.5 Autophagy -- 4.3.3 Tumor Heterogeneity -- 4.3.3.1 The Clonal Evolution Hypothesis -- 4.3.3.2 The Cancer Stem Cell (CSC) Hypothesis -- 4.3.3.3 The Role of Tumor Microenvironment in Heterogeneity -- 4.4 Discussion -- References -- 5: Laryngeal Tumor Microenvironment -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Immune Tumor Microenvironment -- 5.2.1 Innate Immune Response in the Tumor Microenvironment -- 5.2.1.1 Neutrophils -- 5.2.1.2 Macrophages -- 5.2.1.3 Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells -- 5.2.1.4 Platelets -- 5.2.1.5 Natural Killer Cells -- 5.2.1.6 Dendritic Cells -- 5.2.1.7 Other Players of the Innate Immune Response -- 5.2.1.8 Messengers Inside the Microenvironment -- 5.2.2 Adaptative Immune Response in Tumor Microenvironment -- 5.2.2.1 General Features of Adaptive Immune Response -- 5.2.2.2 T Cell-Mediated Immune Response -- 5.2.2.3 Considerations on Some T Cell Subtypes -- γδ T Cells -- Regulatory T Cells -- Exhausted T Cells -- 5.3 Stromal Component of the Tumor Microenvironment -- 5.4 Impact of Tumor Metabolism in the Microenvironment.; 5.5 Impact of Tumor Microenvironment on the Metastatic Ability of Cancer -- 5.6 Conclusion -- References -- 6: Esophageal Tumor Microenvironment -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Clinical Aspects of Esophageal Carcinoma -- 6.2.1 Prevalence of Esophageal Cancer -- 6.2.2 Risk Factors of Esophageal Cancer -- 6.2.3 Staging and Treatment of Esophageal Cancer -- 6.3 Tumor Microenvironment in Esophageal Cancer -- 6.4 Models to Study Esophageal Tumor Microenvironment -- 6.4.1 In Vitro -- 6.4.2 In Vivo -- 6.4.3 Orthotopic Implantation of Cell Lines -- 6.4.4 Genetic-Engineered and Surgical-Induced Mouse Models -- 6.4.5 Non-rodent Models of Esophageal Cancer -- 6.5 Different Cell Types in the Esophageal Tumor Microenvironment -- 6.5.1 Inflammation and Esophageal Cancer -- 6.5.2 Inflammation-Associated Cytokines in Esophageal Cancer -- 6.5.3 Stem Cells in Barrett's Disease and Esophageal Cancer -- 6.5.4 The Role of Macrophages and Fibroblasts in the Tumor Microenvironment -- 6.5.5 Immune Cells and Esophageal Cancer -- 6.5.6 Angiogenesis and Esophageal Cancer -- 6.5.7 The Role of Nerves in Esophageal Cancer -- 6.6 Future Trends -- References -- 7: The Pituitary Tumors and Their Tumor-Specific Microenvironment -- ; 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Pituitary Histopathology and Tumorigenesis -- 7.3 Pituitary Tumors and Tumor Microenvironment -- 7.3.1 Tumor Signaling Molecules -- 7.3.2 Vascular Network and Oxygenation -- 7.3.3 Tumor Extracellular Matrix -- 7.3.4 Tumor Infiltrating Immune Cells -- 7.3.5 Tumor Genetic Predisposition -- 7.4 Pituitary Metastatic Tumors and Their Tumor Microenvironment -- 7.5 Summary -- References -- 8: Pineal Gland Tumor Microenvironment -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Molecular Profiles and Pathology of PPT -- 8.3 Pineal Region Germ Cell Tumor Microenvironment -- 8.4 Pineal Region Glioma Microenvironment -- 8.5 Conclusion.; References -- 9: Carotid Body Tumor Microenvironment -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Epidemiology -- 9.3 Pathogenesis -- 9.4 Presentation -- 9.5 Workup and Laboratory Findings -- 9.6 Radiographic Findings -- 9.7 Management -- 9.8 Tumor Pathology -- 9.9 Outcome -- 9.10 Unique Pediatric Cases -- 9.11 Future Trends -- 9.12 Conclusion -- References -- 10: The Mammary Tumor Microenvironment -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Breast Tissue Density -- 10.2.1 Collagen and Breast Density -- 10.2.2 Modeling the Mechanotransduction of Cells in a Dense Microenvironment -- 10.3 ECM Remodeling in Tumor Progression -- 10.3.1 The Alignment of Collagen Fibers in Tumor Progression -- 10.3.2 Migration and the ECM -- 10.4 Breast Cancer Immunity -- 10.4.1 Innate Immunity -- 10.4.2 Adaptive Immunity -- 10.5 Breast Cancer Metabolism -- 10.6 Breast Cancer Metastatic Dormancy -- 10.7 Conclusion -- 10.8 Dedication -- References -- 11: Integrated Therapeutic Targeting of the Prostate Tumor Microenvironment -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Targeting the Microenvironment for Treatment of Advanced Prostate Cancer -- 11.2.1 Chemotherapeutic Agents -- 11.2.2 Natural Agents -- 11.2.3 Gene Therapies in Targeting of Apoptosis and Anoikis -- 11.2.4 Regulations of Phenotypic Interconversion of EMT-MET -- 11.3 Summary -- References -- 12: The Many Microenvironments of Ovarian Cancer -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Primary Tumor: The Microenvironment of the Fallopian Tube -- 12.2.1 The Extracellular Matrix -- 12.2.2 Pelvic and Follicular Fluid -- 12.3 First Metastasis: The Microenvironment of the Ovary -- 12.3.1 ECM Composition and Structure -- 12.3.2 Soluble Signals -- 12.4 Distal Metastasis: The Microenvironment of the Peritoneum -- 12.4.1 Immune Cells -- 12.4.2 Adipocytes -- 12.4.3 Fibroblasts -- 12.4.4 ECM -- 12.4.5 Biophysical Factors.; 12.5 Recurrent HGSOC: The Final Tumor Microenvironment -- 12.6 Conclusions -- References -- 13: Endometrial Tumour Microenvironment -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Hormone Regulation and TME in the Endometrium and in Endometrial Cancer -- 13.3 Myometrial Infiltration and TME -- 13.4 TME Cell Types in Endometrial Cancer -- 13.5 TME and Immunotherapies in Endometrial Cancer -- 13.6 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 14: Liver Tumor Microenvironment -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Main Signaling Pathways Implicated in Liver Carcinogenesis -- 14.2.1 Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK Pathway -- 14.2.2 PI3K-AKT-mTOR Pathway -- 14.2.3 TGF-β Pathway -- 14.2.4 JAK/STAT Pathway -- 14.2.5 Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway -- 14.2.6 P-53 Signaling Pathway -- 14.3 Cells of Hepatic Tumor Microenvironment -- 14.3.1 Anti-tumor Immune Cells (Fig. 14.2) -- 14.3.1.1 Dendritic Cells -- 14.3.1.2 Cytotoxic T-Cells -- 14.3.1.3 Natural Killer Cells -- 14.3.1.4 Macrophages -- 14.3.2 Tumor-Promoting Cells (Fig. 14.3) -- 14.3.2.1 Macrophages -- 14.3.2.2 Myeloid-Derived Stem Cells -- 14.3.2.3 Regulatory T-Cells -- 14.3.2.4 Liver-Specific Resident Cells -- 14.4 Effect of the Tumor Microenvironment on Primary Liver Cancer Growth -- 14.4.1 Tumor ; Microenvironment and Liver Immunity -- 14.4.2 Chronic Inflammation and Liver Carcinogenesis -- 14.4.3 Hypoxia -- 14.5 Role of Tumor Microenvironment in Metastatic Seeding -- 14.6 Future Perspectives -- References -- 15: Pancreatic Tumor Microenvironment -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Pancreatic Stellate Cells -- 15.3 Extracellular Matrix (ECM) -- 15.4 Hypoxic Environment -- 15.5 Infiltrating Immune Cells -- 15.5.1 Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells -- 15.5.2 Tumor-Associated Macrophages -- 15.5.3 Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes -- 15.6 Role of Nerves in the TME of PC -- 15.7 Future Directions -- References.; 16: Sweat Gland Tumor Microenvironment.