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1. |
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UNINA9910551535703321 |
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Autore |
Badiali, Giorgio |
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Titolo |
Il diritto di pace di Alberico Gentili / Giorgio Badiali |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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2. |
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UNINA9910488717503321 |
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Autore |
Luger George F. |
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Titolo |
Knowing our world : an artificial intelligence perspective / / George F. Luger |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Cham, Switzerland : , : Springer, , [2021] |
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©2021 |
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ISBN |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (267 pages) |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Artificial intelligence |
Artificial intelligence - Philosophy |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references and index. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Intro -- Preface -- Why Write This Book? -- The Story -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Part I: In the Beginning... -- Chapter 1: Creating Computer Programs: An Epistemic Commitment -- 1.1 Introduction and Focus of Our Story -- 1.2 The Foundation for Computation -- 1.2.1 The Turing Machine -- 1.2.2 The Post Production System and Unary Subtraction -- 1.3 Computer Languages, Representations, and Search -- 1.4 In Summary -- Chapter 2: Historical Foundations -- 2.1 Mary Shelley, Frankenstein, and Prometheus -- 2.2 Early Greek Thought -- 2.3 The Later Greeks: Plato, Euclid, and Aristotle -- 2.4 Post-medieval or Modern Philosophy -- 2.5 The |
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British Empiricists: Hobbes, Locke, and Hume -- 2.6 Bridging the Empiricist/Rationalist Chasm: Baruch Spinoza -- 2.7 Bridging the Empiricist/Rationalist Chasm: Immanuel Kant -- 2.8 American Pragmatism: Peirce, James, and Dewey -- 2.9 The Mathematical Foundations for Computation -- 2.10 The Turing Test and the Birth of AI -- 2.11 In Summary -- Chapter 3: Modern AI and How We Got Here -- 3.1 Three Success Stories in Recent AI -- 3.1.1 Deep Blue at IBM (Hsu 2002 -- Levy and Newborn 1991 -- url 3.2) -- 3.1.2 IBM's Watson (Baker 2011, Ferrucci et al. 2010, 2013, url 3.3) -- 3.1.3 Google and AlphaGo (Silver et al. 2017, url 3.4) -- 3.2 Very Early AI and the 1956 Dartmouth Summer Research Project -- 3.2.1 The Logic Theorist (Newell and Simon 1956 -- Newell et al. 1958) -- 3.2.2 Geometry Theorem Proving (Gelernter 1959 -- Gelernter and Rochester 1958) -- 3.2.3 A Program that Plays Checkers (Samuel 1959) -- 3.2.4 The Dartmouth Summer Workshop in 1956 -- 3.3 Artificial Intelligence: Attempted Definitions -- 3.4 AI: Early Years -- 3.4.1 The Neats and Scruffies -- 3.4.2 AI: Based on "Emulating Humans" or "Just Good Engineering?" -- 3.5 The Birth of Cognitive Science. |
3.6 General Themes in AI Practice: The Symbolic, Connectionist, Genetic/Emergent, and Stochastic -- 3.7 In Summary -- Part II: Modern AI: Structures and Strategies for Complex Problem-Solving -- Chapter 4: Symbol-Based AI and Its Rationalist Presuppositions -- 4.1 The Rationalist Worldview: State-Space Search -- 4.1.1 Graph Theory: The Origins of the State Space -- 4.1.2 Searching the State Space -- 4.1.3 An Example of State-Space Search: The Expert System -- 4.2 Symbol-Based AI: Continuing Important Contributions -- 4.2.1 Machine Learning: Data Mining -- 4.2.2 Modeling the Physical Environment -- 4.2.3 Expertise: Wherever It Is Needed -- 4.3 Strengths and Limitations of the Symbol System Perspective -- 4.3.1 Symbol-Based Models and Abstraction -- 4.3.2 The Generalization Problem and Overlearning -- 4.3.3 Why Are There No Truly Intelligent Symbol-Based Systems? -- 4.4 In Summary -- Chapter 5: Association and Connectionist Approaches to AI -- 5.1 The Behaviorist Tradition and Implementation of Semantic Graphs -- 5.1.1 Foundations for Graphical Representations of Meaning -- 5.1.2 Semantic Networks -- 5.1.3 More Modern Uses of Association-Based Semantic Networks -- 5.2 Neural or Connectionist Networks -- 5.2.1 Early Research: McCulloch, Pitts, and Hebb -- 5.2.2 Backpropagation Networks -- 5.3 Neural Networks and Deep Learning -- 5.3.1 AlphaGo Zero and Alpha Zero -- 5.3.2 Robot Navigation: PRM-RL -- 5.3.3 Deep Learning and Video Games -- 5.3.4 Deep Learning and Natural Language Processing -- 5.4 Epistemic Issues and Association-Based Representations -- 5.4.1 Inductive Bias, Transparency, and Generalization -- 5.4.2 Neural Networks and Symbol Systems -- 5.4.3 Why Have We Not Built a Brain? -- 5.5 In Summary -- Chapter 6: Evolutionary Computation and Intelligence -- 6.1 Introduction to Evolutionary Computation -- 6.2 The Genetic Algorithm and Examples. |
6.2.1 The Traveling Salesperson Problem -- 6.2.2 Genetic Programming -- 6.2.3 An Example: Kepler's Third Law of Planetary Motion -- 6.3 Artificial Life: The Emergence of Complexity -- 6.3.1 Artificial Life -- 6.3.2 Contemporary Approaches to A-Life -- Synthetic Biological Models of Evolution -- Artificial Chemistry -- Other Abstract Machines and Evolutionary Computation -- Psychological and Sociological Foundations for Life and Intelligence -- 6.4 Evolutionary Computation and Intelligence: Epistemic Issues -- 6.5 Some Summary Thoughts on Part II: Chaps. 4, 5, and 6 -- 6.5.1 Inductive Bias: The Rationalist's a priori -- 6.5.2 The Empiricist's Dilemma -- 6.6 In Summary -- Part III: Toward an Active, Pragmatic, |
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Model-Revising Realism -- Chapter 7: A Constructivist Rapprochement and an Epistemic Stance -- 7.1 A Response to Empiricist, Rationalist, and Pragmatist AI -- 7.2 The Constructivist Rapprochement -- 7.3 Five Assumptions: A Foundation for an Epistemic Stance -- 7.4 A Foundation for a Modern Epistemology -- 7.5 In Summary -- Chapter 8: Bayesian-Based Constructivist Computational Models -- 8.1 The Derivation of a Bayesian Stance -- 8.2 Bayesian Belief Networks, Perception, and Diagnosis -- 8.3 Bayesian-Based Speech and Conversation Modeling -- 8.4 Diagnostic Reasoning in Complex Environments -- 8.5 In Summary -- Chapter 9: Toward an Active, Pragmatic, Model-Revising Realism -- 9.1 A Summary of the Project -- 9.2 Model Building Through Exploration -- 9.3 Model Revision and Adaptation -- 9.4 What Is the Project of the AI Practitioner? -- 9.5 Meaning, Truth, and a Foundation for a Modern Epistemology -- 9.5.1 Neopragmatism, Kuhn, Rorty, and the Scientific Method -- 9.5.2 A Category Error -- 9.5.3 The Cognitive Neurosciences: Insights on Human Processing -- 9.5.4 On Being Human: A Modern Epistemic Stance -- Bibliography. |
URL References (All url references checked 16 June 2021) -- Index. |
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3. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910452662003321 |
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Titolo |
Jews in the Gym : Judaism, Sports, and Athletics -SJC Vol. 23 / / edited by Leonard J. Greenspoon |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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West Lafayette, Ind. : , : Purdue University Press, , 2012 |
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©2012 |
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ISBN |
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Edizione |
[1st ed.] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (240 p.) |
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Collana |
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Studies in Jewish civilization, , 1070-8510 ; ; v.23 |
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Altri autori (Persone) |
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GreenspoonLeonard J (Leonard Jay) |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Jewish athletes - History |
Jews - Sports - History |
Electronic books. |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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"Proceedings of the twenty-third annual symposium of the Klutznick Chair in Jewish Civilization and the Harris Center for Judaic Studies, October 24-25, 2010". |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Playing Roman in Jerusalem : Jewish attitudes toward sport and spectacle during the Second Temple period / Loren R. Spielman -- Sports and the graphic novel from diaspora to diaspora : James Strum's The Golem's mighty swing and JT Waldman's Megillat Esther in the tree of contexts / Ori Z. Soltes -- The Jew in the gym : Judaism, sports and athletics of film / Nathan Abrams -- Is life a game? : athletic competition as a metaphor for the meaning of life / Steven J. Riekes -- The Jewish athlete of faith : on the limits of sport / Danny Rosenburg -- Antisemitism and sport in Central Europe and the United States c. 1870-1932 / Steven A. Riess -- Cutting the way into the nation : Hungarian Jewish Olympians in the interwar era / Mihály Kálmán -- Grappling with ghosts : Jewish wrestlers and antisemitism / William Kornblum, Erin Sodmiak, and Phil Oberlander -- Spotting a nation : the origins of athleticism in modern Israel / Nina Spiegel -- Gyms and the academy : professional and personal reflections on stepping up to the scholarly plate / Jeffrey S. Gurock -- Jewish women in the American gym : basketball, ethnicity, and gender in the early twentieth century / Linda J. Borish -- From Benny Leonard to Abi Olajuwon : Jews, Muslims, Evangelicals, and the evolving religious challenges of being an American athlete / Ori Z. Soltes -- Buster Haywood and the Jews of Black baseball / Rebecca T. Alpert -- A global game : Omri Casspi and the future of Jewish ballers / David J. Leonard. |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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For some, the connection between Jews and athletics might seem far-fetched. But in fact, as is highlighted by the fourteen chapters in this collection, Jews have been participating in--and thinking about--sports for more than two thousand years. The articles in this volume scan a wide chronological range: from the Hellenistic period (first century BCE) to the most recent basketball season. The range of athletes covered is equally broad: from participants in Roman-style games to wrestlers, boxers, fencers, baseball players, and basketball stars. The authors of these essays, many of whom actively participate in athletics themselves, raise a number of intriguing questions, such as: What differing attitudes toward sports have Jews exhibited across periods and cultures? Is it possible to be a "good Jew" and a "great athlete"? In what sports have Jews excelled, and why? How have Jews overcome prejudices on the part of the general populace against a Jewish presence on the field or in the ring? In what ways has Jewish participation in sports aided, or failed to aid, the perception of Jews as "good Germans," "good Hungarians," "good Americans," and so forth? This volume, which features a number of illustrations (many of them quite rare), is not only accessible to the general reader, but also contains much information of interest to the scholar in Jewish studies, American studies, and sports history. |
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