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Record Nr. |
UNINA9910488703803321 |
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Titolo |
Clinical handbook of cardiac electrophysiology / / Benedict M. Glover, Pedro Brugada, editors |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Cham, Switzerland : , : Springer, , [2021] |
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©2021 |
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ISBN |
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Edizione |
[2nd ed.] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (230 pages) |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Electrocardiography |
Electrocardiografia |
Llibres electrònics |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- Editors -- Contributors -- 1: Cardiac Anatomy and Electrophysiology -- The Cardiac Action Potential -- Phase IV (Resting Phase) -- Phase 0 (Depolarization) -- Phase I (Early Repolarization) -- Phase II (Plateau Phase) -- Phase III (Repolarization) -- Refractoriness -- Arrhythmia Mechanisms -- Re-Entry -- Automaticity -- Afterdepolarizations and Triggered Activity -- Anatomy of the Cardiac Chambers -- The RA -- The SN -- Crista Terminalis (CT) -- RA Conduction -- Cavotricuspid Isthmus (CTI) -- Atrio-Ventricular (AV) Junction -- His Bundle -- The CS -- LV Conduction System -- RV Conduction System -- Aberrant Ventricular Conduction -- ECG Signal Acquisition -- References -- 2: Cardiac Electrophysiology Study, Diagnostic Maneuvers and Ablation -- Indications for an EP Study and Ablation -- Supraventricular Arrhythmias (SVT) -- Typical Atrial Flutter -- Atrial Fibrillation (AF) -- Ventricular Arrhythmias -- EP Study and Ablation: Patient Preparation -- EP Study and Ablation: Potential Risks -- Collateral Damage During Ablation -- Pericardial Effusion -- Phrenic Nerve Injury -- Esophageal Injury -- Coronary Artery Injury -- Ionizing Radiation in Cardiac Electrophysiology -- Administration of Sedation and Anesthesia -- Peri-procedural Anticoagulation -- EP Laboratory Set-Up -- How Electrograms are Derived: Amplification and Filtering -- Electrogram |
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Signals: Unipolar and Bipolar -- RF Generation and Ablation -- Cryoablation -- Freezing: Thawing Phase -- Hemorrhagic: Inflammatory Phase -- Replacement: Fibrosis Phase -- Electroporation -- Ablation Catheters -- Ablation Catheter Size -- Irrigation -- Contact Force Catheters -- Vascular Access -- Femoral Cannulation -- Subclavian/Axillary Vein -- Internal Jugular Vein -- Electrophysiology Catheters and Positioning -- Baseline Measurements. |
Sinus Node Recovery Time (SNRT) -- Sinoatrial Conduction Time (SACT) -- AV Conduction Times (AH and HV Intervals) -- Refractory Periods (AERP, AVNERP, VERP, VANERP) -- AV Wenckebach Point -- Basic EP Study -- VT Stimulation Protocol -- SVT Diagnostic Maneuvers -- Baseline Observations -- Initiation and Termination -- VA Relationship and Atrial Activation -- Effect of Bundle Branch Block -- RV Entrainment -- PVC During Tachycardia -- Para-Hisian Pacing -- Transseptal Access -- Equipment -- Trans-septal Needles -- Transseptal Sheaths -- Guidewires -- Fluoroscopic Approach -- Echocardiographic Visualization -- References -- 3: Electroanatomic Mapping -- General Principles of EAM Mapping -- Reference Point -- Window of Interest -- Activation Mapping (Isochronal) -- Voltage Map (Isopotential) -- Entrainment Mapping -- Specific Mapping Systems -- Ensite Precision (Abbott Technologies, Minnesota, USA) -- CARTO Mapping System (© Biosense Webster, Inc.) -- Merging the Baseline CT/MRI onto the Anatomic Map -- Additional Features of Carto -- Reference -- 4: AV Nodal Re-Entry Tachycardia (AVNRT) -- Introduction -- Anatomy -- Mechanism -- Classification -- Slow/Fast AVNRT (Typical AVNRT) -- Fast/Slow AVNRT (Atypical AVNRT) -- Slow/Slow AVNRT -- Electrophysiological Evaluation -- Baseline Data -- Procedure -- Differentiation Between AVNRT and AVRT -- Differentiation of AVNRT from Atrial Tachycardia (AT) -- Ablation Techniques -- Ablation Endpoints -- Troubleshooting the Difficult Cases -- Risks of EP Study and RF Ablation of AVNRT -- References -- 5: Accessory Pathway (AP) Conduction -- Anatomy -- Mechanisms -- Classification -- Electrophysiological Evaluation -- Baseline ECG -- Algorithms -- ECG Features of Posteroseptal Accessory Pathways -- ECG Features of Anteroseptal Accessory Pathways -- ECG Features of Mid-Septal Accessory Pathways. |
ECG Features of Left Lateral Accessory Pathways -- ECG Features of Right Free Wall Accessory Pathways -- Risk Stratification of Accessory Pathways -- Risks of EP Study and Ablation -- Diagnostic EP Study -- Differentiation Between AVRT, AVNRT and AT -- Mapping the Accessory Pathway -- Ablation of Accessory Pathways -- Posteroseptal Accessory Pathways -- Posteroseptal Accessory Pathway: Difficult Case -- Anteroseptal Accessory Pathway -- Midseptal Accessory Pathway -- Right Atriofascicular Accessory Pathways -- ECG Features -- EP Study and Mapping of a Right Atriofascicular Accessory Pathway -- Left Lateral Accessory Pathway -- Right Free Wall Accessory Pathway -- Accessory Pathway General: Difficult Case -- References -- 6: Atrial Tachycardias -- Introduction -- Procedural Planning -- Intracardiac Mapping and Ablation -- Focal Atrial Tachycardia -- Tachycardiomyopathy and Incessant Atrial Tachycardia -- Locations of Atrial Tachycardias -- Crista Terminalis -- Tricuspid Annulus -- Perinodal/Parahisian Region -- Coronary Sinus Os -- Pulmonary Vein Atrial Tachycardia -- Mitral Annular Atrial Tachycardia -- Atrial Appendage Tachycardias -- References -- 7: Atrial Flutter -- Cavotricuspid Isthmus Dependent Atrial Flutter -- Anatomy -- ECG Features -- Ablation of the CTI for Typical Atrial Flutter -- Decremental Pacing -- Decremental His to Coronary Sinus Pacing -- An Alternative Ablation Technique: Maximum Voltage Guided Ablation -- Potential |
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Complications of Cavotricuspid Isthmus Ablation -- Difficult CTI Ablation -- Success of Cavotricuspid Isthmus Ablation -- Upper and Lower Loop Re-Entry -- Right Atrial Lateral and Postero-Lateral Wall Flutter -- Left Atrial Flutter -- Mitral Isthmus Dependent Atrial Flutter -- References -- 8: Atrial Fibrillation -- Classification of AF -- Etiology -- Hypertension -- Coronary Artery Disease -- Valvular Heart Disease. |
Diabetes Mellitus -- Obesity and Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) -- Autonomic AF -- Familial AF -- Oral Anticoagulation -- Vitamin K Antagonist -- Non-vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulation Therapy (OAC's) -- Direct Thrombin Inhibitors -- Factor Xa Inhibitors -- HAS-BLED Score -- Catheter Ablation for AF -- Risks of Catheter Ablation of AF -- How to Perform a PVI -- Patient Preparation -- Transseptal Access -- Anatomic Reconstruction of the Left Atrium -- Ablation Technique -- Pulmonary Vein Potentials and Farfield Signals -- Confirming Pulmonary Vein Isolation -- Assessing for Non PV Triggers -- Cryoablation -- Hybrid Ablation of AF -- Ablation of Persistent AF -- Linear Lesions -- Roof Dependent Left Atrial Flutter -- Mitral Isthmus Dependent Atrial Flutter -- CFAE Mapping and Ablation -- Re-Entry Mapping -- Focal Impulse and Rotor Modulation of Atrial Fibrillation -- Non-Invasive Multi Electrode Mapping -- References -- 9: Ventricular Tachycardia -- Introduction -- Mechanism -- Diagnosis -- Surface ECG Features -- Localization -- Outflow Tract Anatomy and the ECG -- ECG Characteristics Suggestive of Epicardial Involvement -- Mapping and Ablation of Scar Related VT -- Macro-Reentrant VT Involving the Conduction System -- Bundle Branch Re-Entry -- EP Study and Ablation for Bundle Branch Re-Entry VT -- Fascicular Re-Entry VT -- EP Study and Ablation for Fascicular VT -- Mapping and Ablation of Focal Ventricular Arrhythmias -- The Outflow Tracts -- The Atrioventricular Valve Annuli -- The Purkinje Fibers and Papillary Muscles -- The Left Ventricular Summit -- Challenging Ablation Sites -- Epicardial Access and Ablation -- Epicardial Access -- Epicardial Mapping and Ablation -- References -- 10: Anti-Arrhythmic Drugs -- Mechanisms of Action: An Overview -- Antiarrhythmics with Class IA Properties -- Antiarrhythmics with Class IB Properties. |
Class IC AAD's -- Class II Antiarrhythmics -- Class III -- Class IV -- AAD's Not in the Vaughan Williams Classification -- The Future: Novel AAD's -- Atrial Repolarization Delaying Agents: Vernakalant -- Sodium Channel Blockers: Ranolazine -- References -- Index. |
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