Naturalness, string landscape and multiverse a modern introduction with exercises / / Arthur Hebecker

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910485049803321
• Autore: Hebecker Arthur
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Cham, Switzerland : , : Springer, , [2021]; ©2021
• ISBN: 3-030-65151-7
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (xv, 313 pages) : illustrations
• Collana: Lecture notes in physics ; ; Volume 979
• Disciplina: 539.7258
• Soggetti: String models; Particles (Nuclear physics)
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- About the Author -- 1 The Standard Model and Its Hierarchy Problem(s) -- 1.1 Standard Model-The Basic Structure -- 1.2 Standard Model-Parameter Count -- 1.3 Effective Field Theories-Cutoff Perspective -- 1.4 Effective Field Theories-QFTUV vs. QFTIR -- 1.5 The Standard Model as an Effective Field Theory -- 1.6 The Electroweak Hierarchy Problem -- 1.7 Fine-tuning -- 1.8 Gravity and the Cosmological Constant Problem -- 1.9 Problems -- 1.9.1 Electroweak Symmetry Breaking -- 1.9.2 The Standard Model Is Anomaly Free -- 1.9.3 The Standard Model and SU(5) -- 1.9.4 Weyl Spinors -- 1.9.5 Covariant Expression for the 1-Loop Vacuum Energy -- 2 Supersymmetry and Supergravity -- 2.1 SUSY Algebra and Superspace -- 2.2 Superfields -- 2.3 Chiral Superfields -- 2.4 SUSY-Invariant Lagrangians -- 2.5 Wess-Zumino-Type Models -- 2.6 Real Superfields -- 2.7 SUSY Breaking -- 2.8 Supersymmetrising the Standard Model -- 2.9 Supersymmetric and SUSY Breaking Masses and Non-renormalisation -- 2.10 The Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) -- 2.11 Supergravity: Superspace Approach -- 2.12 Supergravity: Component Approach -- 2.13 Problems -- 2.13.1 Simple Manipulations Within the Superspace Approach -- 2.13.2 Deriving Component Actions -- 2.13.3 Fierz Identities for Weyl Spinors -- 2.13.4 SUSY in Components -- 2.13.5 Gauge Coupling Unification -- 2.13.6 Graviton Spin (Helicity) -- 3 String Theory: Bosonic String -- ; 3.1 Strings: Basic Ideas -- 3.2 Symmetries, Equations of Motion, Gauge Choice -- 3.3 Open String -- 3.4 Quantisation -- 3.5 Explicit Construction of Physical States: Open String -- 3.6 Explicit Construction of Physical States: Closed String -- 3.7 The 26d Action -- 3.8 Problems -- 3.8.1 Point Particle Action -- 3.8.2 Commutation Relations of Oscillator Modes -- 3.8.3 Trace of the Energy-Momentum Tensor.; 3.8.4 Virasoro Algebra -- 3.8.5 Normal Ordering Constant as Casimir Energy -- 3.8.6 Kalb-Ramond Field from the Worldsheet Perspective -- 4 String Theory: Interactions and Superstring -- 4.1 State-Operator Correspondence -- 4.2 Scattering Amplitudes -- 4.3 Worldsheet Supersymmetry -- 4.4 Worldsheet Supergravity -- 4.5 Quantisation of the Superstring -- 4.6 GSO or Gliozzi-Scherk-Olive Projection -- 4.7 Consistent Type II Superstring Theories -- 4.8 Other 10d Theories -- 4.9 Problems -- 4.9.1 Explicit State-Operator Mapping in the Free Case -- 4.9.2 Euler Number and Genus of Riemann Surfaces -- 4.9.3 Dilaton vs. String Coupling -- 4.9.4 Elementary Exercises with 2d Spinors -- 4.9.5 SUSY Algebra in 2d -- 5 10d Actions and Compactification -- 5.1 10d Supergravities and Type IIB as an Example -- 5.2 Kaluza-Klein Compactification -- 5.3 Towards Calabi-Yau Manifolds -- 5.4 Homology and Cohomology -- 5.5 Calabi-Yau Moduli Spaces -- 5.6 Explicit Parameterisation of Calabi-Yau Moduli Spaces -- 5.7 An Aside on String Model Building: From Heterotic Compactifications to Orientifold Models with Branes and F-Theory -- 5.8 Problems -- 5.8.1 Dimensional Reduction -- 5.8.2 SO(2n) vs. U(n) -- 5.8.3 Complex Projective Spaces -- 6 The Flux Landscape -- 6.1 Compact Geometries with p-Form Fluxes -- 6.2 Bousso-Polchinski Model -- 6.3 The Type IIB Flux Landscape (GKP) -- 6.4 Kahler Modulus Stabilisation and SUSY Breaking (KKLT) -- 6.5 The Anti-D3-Brane Uplift of KKLT -- 6.6 The Large Volume Scenario -- 6.7 Vacuum Statistics and the Tuning of the Cosmological Constant -- 6.8 Higgs Mass and Other Landscape-Related Issues -- 6.9 Problems -- 6.9.1 No-Scale Kahler Potentials and KKLT -- 6.9.2 The LVS Scalar Potential and Stabilisation Mechanism -- 7 Eternal Inflation and the Measure Problem -- 7.1 From Slow-Roll Inflation to the Eternal Regime.; 7.2 Eternal Inflation in the Landscape -- 7.3 Tunnelling Transitions in Quantum Mechanics -- 7.4 Tunnelling Transitions in Field Theory -- 7.5 Tunnelling in Gravitational Theories -- 7.6 Our Universe in the Eternally Inflating Landscape -- 7.7 Making Statistical Predictions and the Measure Problem -- 7.8 Proposed Measures -- 7.9 Predictions from First Principles? -- 7.10 Problems -- 7.10.1 Coleman-De Luccia Tunnelling -- 8 Concluding Remarks and Some Alternative Perspectives -- 8.1 Low-Scale SUSY Versus Technicolor -- 8.2 From the `Little Higgs' to Large or Warped Extra Dimensions -- 8.3 Cosmological Selection and the Relaxion -- 8.4 The Swampland Program -- 8.5 The Swampland and de Sitter -- 8.6 More Direct Approaches to Quantum Gravity -- 8.7 Asymptotic Safety and the Hierarchy Problem -- 9 Summary -- References -- Index.