Sustaining surveillance : the importance of information for public health / / John G. Francis and Leslie P. Francis

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910484752103321
• Autore: Francis John G.
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Cham, Switzerland : , : Springer, , [2021]; ©2021
• ISBN: 3-030-63928-2
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (230 pages) : illustrations
• Collana: Public Health Ethics Analysis ; ; v.6
• Disciplina: 614.4
• Soggetti: Public health surveillance; Public health surveillance - Moral and ethical aspects
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Introduction: Why Surveillance Matters -- 1.1 COVID-19 Stuns the World -- 1.2 The Ubiquity of Surveillance -- 1.3 Public Health and Population Health -- 1.4 Surveillance for Health and Surveillance for Security -- 1.5 Framing the Ethics of Public Health Surveillance -- 1.6 Core Ethical Considerations for Surveillance -- 1.7 Plan of the Volume -- References -- Chapter 2: Counting Numbers -- 2.1 Background -- 2.2 Plagues and Pandemics: From the Black Death to COVID-19 -- 2.2.1 The Plague -- 2.2.2 Ebola -- 2.2.3 COVID-19 -- 2.3 Reactions to Contagion -- 2.3.1 Stigma and Isolation -- 2.3.2 Cultural Disruption -- 2.3.3 Moral Condemnation -- 2.4 Limits of Science: Risk and Uncertainty -- 2.4.1 Understanding Disease Etiology -- 2.4.2 Understanding Population Trends and Their Significance -- 2.4.3 Flaws and Gaps in the Data -- 2.4.4 False Positives and False Negatives -- 2.4.5 Behavioral Economics, Cognitive Biases and Judgments of Risk -- 2.5 Suspicions of Science: Exploitation of Research Subjects and Conflicts of Interest -- 2.5.1 Exploitation in Research -- 2.5.2 Conflicts of Interest -- 2.6 Suspicions of Science: Skepticism and Politics -- 2.7 Summary -- References -- Chapter 3: Case Identification and Contact Tracing -- 3.1 Background -- 3.2 Typhoid Mary and Case Identification -- 3.3 Contact Tracing -- 3.4 Progressivism, Moral Purity, and Sexually Transmitted Infections -- 3.5 HIV/AIDS: Disease Control and Confidentiality -- 3.5.1 HIV Disease ; Control -- 3.5.2 Confidentiality and Reporting Test Results -- 3.5.3 HIV Today -- 3.6 Ethical Tensions -- 3.6.1 Individualistic Autonomy and Informed Consent -- 3.6.2 Access to Experimental Drugs for HIV -- 3.6.3 Research Ethics and HIV -- 3.7 COVID-19 and Enhanced Contact Tracing -- 3.8 Informing the Subjects of Reports -- 3.9 Summary -- References.; Chapter 4: Surveillance and Equity: Identifying Hazards in the Environment -- 4.1 Health Equity -- 4.2 Environmental Hazards and Public Health Surveillance -- 4.2.1 Public Goods -- 4.2.2 Political Borders -- 4.2.3 Intrusion -- 4.3 Water Surveillance Disparities -- 4.3.1 Clean Water, the UN, and the WHO -- 4.3.2 Flint, Michigan: A Surveillance Failure in a Wealthy Country -- 4.4 Inequity in Safe Water Surveillance -- 4.5 Background Injustice and Surveillance Inequities -- 4.6 Failures of Compliance: Water Surveillance or Health Emergencies of International Concern? -- 4.7 Surveillance Under Feasibility Challenges -- 4.8 Water Surveillance and Ideal Surveillance -- 4.9 Summary -- References -- Chapter 5: Enhancing Surveillance: New Data, New Technologies, and New Actors -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 "Big" Health Data and AI -- 5.3 The Debate About Re-identification -- 5.4 The Absence of Real-Time Notice or Consent -- 5.5 Interoperable Electronic Health Records (EHRs) -- 5.5.1 EHRs in the United States -- 5.5.2 EHRs in the UK -- 5.5.3 EHRs in the European Union: The General Data Protection Regulation and Public Health -- 5.6 Bloodspots Retained from Newborn Screening -- 5.7 Biobanks -- 5.8 Registries -- 5.9 Information Gained in Medical Research -- 5.10 Direct to Consumer Testing, Including Genetic Testing -- 5.11 Smartphones and Smartphone Apps -- 5.12 Robots, Wearables, and Biosensors -- 5.13 Public Health Surveillance by Actors in the Private Sector -- 5.13.1 WHO and Non-state Actors -- 5.13.2 U.S. Non-profit Hospitals and Community-Based Needs -- 5.13.3 Internet Search Engines: Google -- 5.13.4 Social Media: The Facebook Example -- 5.14 Summary -- References -- Chapter 6: Surveillance for the "New" Public Health -- 6.1 Public Health and Population Well-being -- 6.2 Surveillance for the New Public Health.; 6.3 Libertarianism and Challenges to Surveillance for the New Public Health -- 6.4 U.S. Constitutional History, the New Public Health, and the Powers of Government -- 6.5 Populations or Individuals? -- 6.6 Paternalist and Non-paternalist Ethical Objections to the New Public Health -- 6.7 Justifying Surveillance for the New Public Health without Paternalism -- 6.7.1 Agreeing to Give and Receive Information -- 6.7.2 Non-paternalistic Reasons for the New Public Health: Education and Social Determinants of Health -- 6.7.3 Non-paternalistic Arguments for the New Public Health: Public "Bads." -- 6.8 Paternalist Arguments for the New Public Health -- 6.8.1 Justifying Paternalism -- 6.8.2 Justifications for "Softer" Paternalism -- 6.8.3 Combining Soft Paternalism with Fairness to Others -- 6.8.4 Justifying Hard Paternalism? -- 6.9 Summary -- References -- Chapter 7: Public Health, Communities and Consent -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Public Health, Communities, and Populations -- 7.2.1 Public Health -- 7.2.2 Communities of Geography and Communities of Interest -- 7.2.3 Populations -- 7.3 The Changing Landscape of Groups: Cooperation and Volunteerism -- 7.4 Consent: Public Health and Individuals -- 7.5 Individual Informed Consent: Models from Bioethics -- 7.6 Public Health Authorities: Democratic Practice, Political Participation, and the "Consent of the Governed" -- 7.7 Involving Groups and Communities -- 7.7.1 Groups -- 7.7.2 Geographically Defined Communities -- 7.7.3 Communities of Interest, Communities of Identity, and Populations -- 7.8 Movement: Surveillance Crossing ; International Boundaries -- 7.9 Summary -- References -- Chapter 8: Conclusion.