Arterial blood gas interpretation in clinical practice / / Anil Mane

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910484592203321
• Autore: Mane Anil
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Cham, Switzerland : , : Springer, , [2021]; ©2021
• ISBN: 3-030-69845-9
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (xiv, 124 pages)
• Collana: In clinical practice (Springer (Firm))
• Disciplina: 616.07561
• Soggetti: Blood gases - Analysis; Gasos en la sang; Química clínica; Llibres electrònics
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Preface -- Normal Values and Conversion Factors -- Electrolytes -- Disclaimer -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- Chapter 1: Practical Aspects of ABG -- 1.1 When Is Arterial Blood Gas Analysis (ABGA) Performed? -- 1.2 Patient Consent -- 1.3 How to Collect a Sample -- 1.4 Inadvertent Sampling -- 1.5 Allen Test -- 1.6 Complications of Arterial Puncture -- Chapter 2: Oxygen Parameters -- 2.1 Normal Values of ABG -- 2.2 What Is Oxygen Saturation? -- 2.2.1 Saturation Can Be Measured in Many Ways -- 2.2.2 Advantages of Measuring Saturation -- 2.3 Problems with SpO2 -- 2.3.1 Some Facts -- 2.4 What Is Oxygen Capacity and Content? (CaO2) -- 2.4.1 Oxygen Capacity -- 2.4.2 Oxygen Content (CaO2) -- 2.4.3 Misconceptions -- 2.5 What Is Oxygen Delivery? -- 2.5.1 The Difference in Oxygen Content of Arterial and Venous Blood -- 2.6 Hypoxia -- 2.6.1 Causes of Hypoxia -- 2.7 Who Is more Hypoxic? -- 2.8 What Is FiO2? -- 2.9 What Is PiO2? -- 2.10 What Is PAO2? -- 2.11 Point to Be Noted -- 2.12 A Special Situation -- Chapter 3: Type 2 Respiratory Failure/Hypercarbia/Hypercapnia (Hypercarbia) -- 3.1 Hypercarbia/Hypercapnia -- 3.2 What Is Respiratory Failure? -- 3.3 Acidemia/Acidosis -- 3.4 Causes of Type 2 Respiratory Failure or Hypoventilation (CO2 Retention) -- 3.5 Clinical Features of CO2 ; Retention -- 3.6 Management of Acute Respiratory Acidosis -- 3.7 Management of Chronic Respiratory Acidosis -- 3.8 How much Oxygen Is Needed for Patients with COAD? -- 3.9 What Is NIPPV or NIV? -- 3.10 What Are the Indications for Intubation and Mechanical Ventilation? -- 3.10.1 What Is Dead space? -- Chapter 4: Respiratory Alkalosis -- 4.1 Alkalosis -- 4.1.1 Respiratory Alkalosis -- 4.2 Causes of Respiratory Alkalosis -- 4.3 Clinical Features of Respiratory Alkalosis -- 4.3.1 Cardiovascular Features -- 4.3.2 Neurological Features -- 4.4 Management of Respiratory Alkalosis.; Chapter 5: Pearls of Wisdom and Examples -- 5.1 Pearls of Wisdom -- 5.1.1 Let Us See Some Example Questions -- Chapter 6: Metabolic Disorders: 1 -- 6.1 Metabolic Disorders -- 6.1.1 Metabolic Acidosis -- 6.1.2 Compensation of Metabolic Acidosis -- 6.1.3 Anion Gap (AG) -- 6.2 Raised Anion Gap Acidosis -- 6.2.1 MUDPILES -- 6.2.2 GOLDMARK -- 6.3 Lactic Acidosis -- 6.4 Management of Lactic Acidosis -- 6.5 What Is the Osmolar (Osmolal) Gap? -- 6.6 Normal Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (NAGMA) -- 6.6.1 FUSEDCARS -- 6.6.2 ACCRUED -- 6.7 Type 1 Renal Tubular Acidosis, RTA -- 6.8 Type 2 RTA -- 6.9 Type 3 RTA -- 6.10 Type 4 RTA -- 6.11 What Is the Urinary Anion Gap (UAG)? -- 6.12 What Is the Delta Gap or Delta Factor? -- 6.13 Let Us Look at Two Examples -- References -- Chapter 7: Metabolic Disorders: 2 -- 7.1 Compensation for Metabolic Acidosis -- 7.2 An Approach to Acidosis -- 7.3 How an Anion Gap Can Mislead the Interpreter? -- 7.3.1 Principles of Treating Metabolic Acidosis -- 7.3.2 Use of Alkali Such as, Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3) -- 7.3.3 NaHCO3 Has Other Problems -- 7.3.4 Sodium Bicarbonates in Chronic Conditions -- 7.4 Alternative Agents to Sodium Bicarbonate -- 7.4.1 Let Us See Some Examples -- 7.5 Some Examples of High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis in Paediatric Practice -- 7.6 Unexplained Acidosis -- References -- Chapter 8: Metabolic Disorders 3: Metabolic Alkaloses -- 8.1 Metabolic Alkalosis -- 8.1.1 Repeated and Severe Vomiting -- 8.1.2 Loss of Chloride Ions -- 8.1.3 Hypokalaemia -- 8.1.4 Steroid Excess -- 8.2 Gain of HCO3- -- 8.3 Compensation of Metabolic Alkalosis -- 8.4 Investigations of Metabolic Alkalosis -- 8.5 Treatment of Metabolic Alkalosis -- 8.6 Let Us See Some Examples -- Reference -- Chapter 9: Mixed Acid-Base Disorders -- 9.1 Mixed Acid-Base Disorders -- 9.2 How to Diagnose Mixed Acid: Base Disorders?.; 9.3 Revision of Simple Rules of Compensation -- 9.4 Ready to Roll with Examples -- Chapter 10: Important Topics -- 10.1 ABG Versus VBG -- 10.2 Drugs and Acid-Base Disorders -- 10.3 Pearls of Wisdom in Lactic Acidosis -- 10.4 Pearls of Wisdom in Acidosis and Alkalosis -- 10.5 Pearls of Wisdom in Gastroenterology -- 10.6 Relationship Between H+ and pH -- 10.7 Summary of Seven Steps in Interpretation.