Improving effectiveness and outcomes for the poor in health, nutrition, and population : : an evaluation of World Bank Group support since 1997

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910778029403321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: World Bank, D.C. : , : World Bank, , 2009
• ISBN: 1-282-15419-2; 1-282-18400-8; 9786612184000; 9786612154195; 0-8213-7951-8
• Descrizione fisica: xxxvi, 187 pages : illustrations ; ; 28 cm
• Collana: Independent Evaluation Group studies
• Disciplina: 306.461
• Soggetti: Poor - Medical care; Health services accessibility; Poor - Nutrition; Human services
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: At head of title: IEG World Bank, IFC, MIGA.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references (p. 179-187).
• Nota di contenuto: Contents; Abbreviations; Acknowledgments; Foreword; Executive Summary; Management Response Summary; Chairperson's Summary: Committee on Development Effectiveness (CODE); Advisory Panel Statement; 1 Introduction; Figures; Boxes; Tables; 1.1 Objectives and Strategic Directions of Healthy Development, the 2007 World Bank HNP Strategy; 1.2 Business and Developmental Objectives of IFC's 2002 Health Strategy; 2 Evolution and Performance of the World Bank's Country Support for Health, Nutrition, and Population; 2.1 Objectives of HNP Projects Approved in Fiscal 1997-2006; 2.2 Key Developments in the HNP Portfolio2.3 More Project Appraisal Documents Have Baseline Data, but There Is Still Some Distance to Go, Fiscal Years 1997 and 2007; 2.4 Few HNP Projects Have Objectives That Explicitly Mention the Poor; 2.5 The Poverty Focus of HNP Analytic Work Declined; 3 Lessons from Three Approaches to Improve Outcomes; 3.1 Outcomes and Bank Performance Are Lower for Health Reform Projects ; than for Other HNP Projects in Middle-Income Countries; 3.2 HNP Projects Supporting Health SWAps in IEG Country Cases or Project Evaluations; 4 The Contribution of Other Sectors to Health, Nutrition, and Population Outcomes4.1 Distribution of Multisectoral HNP Projects by Management and Implementation Arrangements; 5 IFC's Health Strategy and Operations; 5.1 IFC Health Investments by Type of Investment and Period; 5.2 Geographic Distribution of IFC Projects by Period; 5.3 Profitability of IFC Health and Pharmaceutical Investments; 5.4 IFC Advisory Services in Health (1997-2007); 5.5 Percent of Health and IFC Projects Rated High, PCR Pilots 1 and 2; 6 Conclusions and Recommendations; Appendixes; Endnotes; References
• Sommario/riassunto: This study evaluates the effectiveness of the World Bank Group's support for health, nutrition, and population (HNP) in developing countries from 1997 to 2008 - totaling more than 17 billion - and distills lessons for greater impact in the future. It finds that the Bank Group now funds a smaller share of global support for HNP than a decade ago, but its support remains substantial and adds considerable value. About two-thirds of the Bank's HNP support has had satisfactory outcomes, often in difficult environments. But in a number of country settings, particularly in Africa, it has not perform

Climates of the USSR / A.A. Borisov ; Ed. by R.A. Ledward ; forew. by Chauncy D. Harris. - Chicago : Aldine Publishing Company, 1965 xxi,255 p. ; 23 cm

• Record Nr.: UNIORUON00033287
• Autore: BORISOV, A. A.
• Classificazione: PE VIII A
• Soggetti: UNIONE SOVIETICA - Geografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia

Socionics : scalability of complex social systems / / Klaus Fischer, Michael Florian, Thomas Malsch (eds.)

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910484587303321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Berlin ; ; New York, : Springer, c2005
• ISBN: 3-540-31613-2
• Edizione: [1st ed. 2005.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (X, 315 p.)
• Collana: Lecture notes in computer science, , 0302-9743 ; ; 3413. Lecture notes in artificial intelligence; State-of-the-art survey
• Altri autori (Persone): FischerKlaus, Dipl.-Inform.; FlorianMichael; MalschThomas
• Disciplina: 301
• Soggetti: Intelligent agents (Computer software); Computer systems; Computer networks - Social aspects; Social systems
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and author index.
• Nota di contenuto: Contribution of Socionics to the Scalability of Complex Social Systems: Introduction -- Contribution of Socionics to the Scalability of Complex Social Systems: Introduction -- I Multi-layer Modelling -- From “Clean” Mechanisms to “Dirty” Models: Methodological Perspectives of an Up-Scaling of Actor Constellations -- Sociological Foundation of the Holonic Approach Using Habitus-Field-Theory to Improve Multiagent Systems -- Linking Micro and Macro Description of Scalable Social Systems Using Reference Nets -- II Concepts for Organization and Self-Organization -- Building Scalable Virtual Communities — Infrastructure Requirements and Computational Costs -- Organization: The Central Concept for Qualitative and Quantitative Scalability -- Agents Enacting Social Roles. Balancing Formal Structure and Practical Rationality in MAS Design -- Scalability, Scaling Processes, and the Management of Complexity. A System Theoretical Approach -- III The Emergence of Social Structures -- On the Organisation of Agent Experience: Scaling Up Social Cognition -- Trust and the Economy of Symbolic Goods: A Contribution to the Scalability of Open Multi-agent Systems -- Coordination in Scaling Actor Constellations -- From Conditional Commitments to Generalized Media: On Means of Coordination Between Self-Governed Entities -- IV From an Agent-Centred to a Communication-Centred Perspective -- Scalability and the Social Dynamics of Communication. On Comparing Social Network Analysis and Communication-Oriented Modelling as Models of Communication Networks -- Multiagent Systems Without Agents — Mirror-Holons for the Compilation and Enactment of Communication Structures -- Communication Systems: A Unified Model of Socially Intelligent Systems.
• Sommario/riassunto: 1 Thisbookis an outcomeof the SocionicsResearch Framework. Therootsof Socionics lie in the 1980s when computer scientists in search of new methods and techniques of distributed and coordinated problem-solving ?rst began to take an engineering interest in sociological concepts and theories. Just as biological phenomenaare conceived of as a source of inspiration for new technologies in the new research ?eld of bionics, c- puter scientists working in Distributed Arti'cial Intelligence (DAI) became interested in exploiting phenomena from the social world in order to construct Multiagent S- tems (MAS) and, generally, to build open agent societies or complex arti'cial social systems. Socionics is driven by the underlying assumption that there is an inherent parallel betweenthe'up-scaling'ofMASandthe'micro-macrolink'insociology. Accordingly, one of the fundamental challenges of Socionics is to build large-scale multiagent s- tems which are capable of managing 'societies of autonomous computational agents . . . in large open information environments' ([9, p. 112]). As more sophisticated inter- tions become common in open MAS, the demand to design reliable mechanisms co- dinating large-scale networks of intelligent agents grows. Suitable design mechanisms may enhance the developement of 'truly open and fully scalable multiagent systems, across domains, with agents capable of learning appropriate communications pro- cols upon entry to a system, and with protocols emerging and evolving through actual agent interactions' ([10, pp. 3]) which is considered as the ultimate goal in ful'lling the roadmap of agent technology.