4.4.1 The Case of Ikuno Ward, Osaka: An Enclave of Oldcomers -- 4.4.2 The Case of Shinjuku Ward, Tokyo: Enclaves of Newcomers -- 4.5 Description of the Korean Enclaves -- 4.5.1 Ikuno Ward, Osaka -- 4.5.2 Shinjuku Ward, Tokyo -- 4.5.3 Different Trends in the Enclaves of Oldcomers and Newcomers -- 4.6 Conclusion -- References -- 5 Filipino Enclaves as Products of Migration Industry: Cases in a Big City's Downtown and a Port City's Coastal Area -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Trends of Filipino Residents in Japan -- 5.3 Nationwide Distribution of Filipino Residents in Japan -- 5.4 Overview of the Filipino Enclaves -- 5.5 Description of the Filipino Enclaves -- 5.5.1 Sakae-Higashi District, Naka Ward, Nagoya City: Downtown Entertainment Quarter -- 5.5.2 Oigawa Area, Yaizu City, Shizuoka: Enclave for the Convenience of Manpower Agencies -- 5.6 Conclusion -- References -- 6 Brazilian Residents as Persistent Repeaters and Their Enclaves -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Trends of Brazilian Residents in Japan -- 6.3 Nationwide Distribution of Brazilian Residents in Japan -- 6.4 Overview of the Brazilian Enclaves -- 6.5 Description of the Brazilian Enclaves -- 6.5.1 Suburban Houses Are One of the Goals of Assimilation? -- 6.5.2 "Invisible" Settlers and Enclaves? Contact Points with the Host Society -- 6.5.3 "Persistent Repeaters": Permanent Residence -- 6.6 Conclusion -- References -- 7 Turkish Residents and Marital Assimilation -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Trend of Turkish Residents in Japan -- 7.2.1 Intermarriage -- 7.2.2 Spousal Age Gaps Between Japanese and Turks -- 7.2.3 Application for Refugee Status -- 7.3 Nationwide Distribution of Turkish Residents in Japan -- 7.3.1 Kawaguchi City, Saitama Prefecture -- 7.3.2 Yokohama City, Kanagawa Prefecture -- 7.4 Overview of the Turkish Enclaves -- 7.4.1 Kitanagoya City and Toyoyama Town in Aichi Prefecture. |