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Record Nr. |
UNINA9910483613703321 |
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Titolo |
The 1998-2000 Eritrea-Ethiopia War and its aftermath in international legal perspective : from the 2000 Algiers Agreements to the 2018 Peace Agreement / / Andrea de Guttry, Harry H.G. Post, Gabriella Venturini, editors |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Berlin, Germany : , : Springer |
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The Hauge, The Netherlands : , : Asser Press, , [2021] |
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©2021 |
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ISBN |
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Edizione |
[2nd ed.] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (xxix, 753 pages) |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Eritrean-Ethiopian War, 1998-2000 |
Humanitarian law - Eritrea |
Humanitarian law - Ethiopia |
War (International law) |
Eritrea Boundaries Ethiopia |
Ethiopia Boundaries Eritrea |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references and index. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Intro -- Preface -- Introductory Remarks -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Abbreviations and Acronyms -- Part IThe Historical Background of the Conflict Between Eritrea and Ethiopia -- 1 The Lines of Tension in the Horn and the Ethiopia-Eritrea Case -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Centre and Periphery -- 1.3 In the Aftermath of Colonialism -- 1.4 The Narrow Road to Self-determination -- 1.5 An Inter-State War -- References -- 2 The Historical Background of the 1998-2000 War: Some Salient Points -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Vacillating Status of the Ethio-Eritrean Border/Boundary -- 2.3 Eritrea as 'Terra Irredenta' -- 2.4 Deep-Rooted Authoritarian Tradition -- 2.5 Conclusion -- 3 Burdened by the Past and Stranded in the Present. The Weight of History in the Relations Between Eritrea and Ethiopia -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The Troubled Nineteenth Century: The Geopolitics of Märäb Mällaš -- 3.3 Re-imagining |
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Communities: The Impact of Colonialism -- 3.4 Experimenting with Democracy and Nationalism: The Vibrant Forties -- 3.5 Rivalry, Nationalisms and Spread Conflict: The Federal Period -- 3.6 Rival Nationalisms, Radicalism and Protracted Warfare: The Liberation Struggle -- 3.7 Conclusions -- References -- Part IIThe International Legal Framework for the Settlement of the Dispute -- 4 The 2000 Algiers Agreements -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Early Diplomatic Efforts and the OAU Framework Agreement, the Modalities for Its Implementation and the Technical Arrangements (November 1998-August 1999) -- 4.3 The Agreement on Cessation of Hostilities (18 June 2000) -- 4.4 The Agreement of 12 December 2000 Between the Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and the Government of the State of Eritrea: An Attempt for a Comprehensive Solution -- 4.5 The Boundary Commission and the Reaction to Its Decision on Delimitation. |
4.6 The Claims Commission Compared to Other Similar Bodies -- 4.7 Concluding Remarks: Intrinsic Limits of the December 2000 Algiers Agreement and Its Failure to End the Conflict -- References -- 5 The Involvement of the UN in the Management of the 1998-2000 Crisis and the Role of the UN Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE) -- 5.1 The Different Roles Played by the UN During the Fighting Between Ethiopia and Eritrea: The Political Phase -- 5.1.1 The Sanctions Adopted against the Two Countries -- 5.1.2 The Humanitarian Action -- 5.2 The Signing of the 18 June 2000 Agreement on Cessation of Hostilities and the Request for the Deployment of a UN Peacekeeping Operation -- 5.3 The Establishment of the United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE) -- 5.4 UNMEE Original Mandate and Its Evolution -- 5.5 UNMEE in Action: The Activities Carried Out and the Problems Faced in Implementing Its Mandate -- 5.6 The Decision to Terminate the Mission: UN Security Council Resolution 1827 (2008) -- 5.7 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 6 Some Remarks on the Nature and Practice of UNMEE -- 6.1 The Character and Nature of UNMEE -- 6.2 UN Cooperation with Regional Organisations, Especially in Africa -- 6.3 UNMEE in Practice -- 6.4 Some Conclusions -- 6.5 Some Remarks on the Aftermath -- References -- Part III The Boundary Dispute -- 7 The Ethio-Eritrean Boundary Conflict: The Human Border, the Physical Border, and the Scars of History -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Borders in the Ethiopian Empire -- 7.3 From Mareb Mellash to the Colony of Eritrea -- 7.4 The Colonial Border in Dispute -- 7.5 Defining the Border -- 7.6 Delimiting an Unstable Frontier: The Contested Areas -- 7.7 A Failed Demarcation -- 7.8 The Changing Status of the Border -- 7.9 The Borderlands at War -- 7.10 Map-Making Ambiguities Resurfaced -- 7.11 From the Border Dispute to the 'Bridge of Love'?. |
References -- 8 Law and Politics in the Ethiopian-Eritrean Border Dispute, 2002-2019 -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 History, Context and Law -- 8.3 The Nature of the 2002 EEBC Decision in Socio-historical Context -- 8.3.1 The Mandate -- 8.3.2 The Use of Evidence -- 8.3.3 The Reference to 'Applicable International Law' -- 8.3.4 The Interpretation of Evidence -- 8.3.5 A Possible Contradiction with the Findings of the Eritrea-Ethiopia Claims Commission? -- 8.4 Conclusion: International Law and Political Constraint -- References -- 9 Indigenous Statehood and International Law in Ethiopia and Eritrea -- 9.1 Introduction: The Ambivalent Legacy of International Law -- 9.2 Law, Land and the International Politics of Territoriality -- 9.3 Indigenous and International Concepts of Law -- 9.4 Conclusions -- References -- 10 The Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission: A Legal Analysis of the Boundary Delimitation Decision of 13 April 2002 and Relevant Subsequent Decisions -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Brief |
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Historical Perspective -- 10.3 The Agreement of 12 December 2000 -- 10.4 The Boundary Commission's Proceedings and Decision of 13 April 2002 -- 10.5 Preliminary Legal Issues -- 10.5.1 The Essential Nature of the Delimitation Decision -- 10.5.2 Structural Issues -- 10.5.3 The Task of the Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission -- 10.6 Essential Doctrinal Issues Arising from the Decision of 13 April 2002 -- 10.6.1 Subsequent Conduct or Practice -- 10.6.2 Map Evidence -- 10.6.3 Interpretation of Treaties and Awards -- 10.7 Legal Issues Arising from Specific Findings in the Decision of 13 April 2002 -- 10.7.1 Boundary Lines in Rivers: The Main Navigable Channel -- 10.7.2 The Western Terminus -- 10.7.3 State Activity and Subsequent Conduct: Application -- 10.7.4 Sectors Requiring Further Delimitation -- 10.8 Select Subsequent Decisions and Developments. |
10.8.1 The Question of Interpretation and Correction of Errors: The Decision of 24 June 2002 -- 10.8.2 The Question of Finality of Certain Sectors: The Decision of 7 November 2002 -- 10.8.3 The Question of Constructive Demarcation: The Decision of 27 November 2006 -- 10.9 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 11 The Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission: The Aftermath -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 The Final Stages of the EEBC -- 11.3 Non-cooperation Between the Parties and the EEBC -- 11.4 Badme Area -- 11.5 International Context -- 11.6 EECC: Jus ad Bellum, Border and Consistency of Decisions -- 11.7 Further Considerations on the Algiers Agreement and the EEBC Decision -- 11.8 Conclusions -- References -- Part IVThe Eritrea-Ethiopia Dispute and the Use of Force -- 12 International Law as to the Use of Force -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 A Brief History of the Prohibition Against the Use of Force by States -- 12.3 The Commission's Jurisdiction Over Claims Relating to the Use of Force -- 12.4 Eritrea's Violation of the Prohibition Against the Use of Force -- 12.5 Eritrea's First Defence: Ethiopia Was Unlawfully Occupying Eritrean Territory -- 12.6 Eritrea's Second Defence: Eritrea Acted in Self-defence -- 12.7 Eritrea's Third Defence: Ethiopia 'Declared War' on Eritrea -- 12.8 Alleged Unlawfulness of Eritrea's Subsequent Attacks in May and June 1998 -- 12.9 Conclusion -- References -- 13 The Crime of Aggression and the Eritrea-Ethiopia Armed Conflict -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 The Legal Concept of Aggression -- 13.3 The Legal Definition of Aggression -- 13.3.1 General Aspects -- 13.3.2 The Eritrea-Ethiopia Armed Conflict -- 13.4 Silencing Aggression and Issues of Responsibility -- 13.4.1 General Aspects -- 13.4.2 The Eritrea-Ethiopia Armed Conflict -- 13.5 Conclusion -- References. |
14 The Eritrea-Ethiopia Claims Commission's Controversial Ruling on Self-defence -- 14.1 The EECC's Jurisdiction Over the Jus ad Bellum Claims -- 14.2 Eritrea's Unsuccessful Defences Other than Self-defence -- 14.3 The Right of Self-defence Under the UN Charter and Customary International Law: An Overview -- 14.4 The EECC's Ruling on Self-defence and Armed Attack -- 14.5 The Debatable Exclusion of Small-Scale Cross-Border Attacks from the Ratione Materiae Content of Armed Attack -- 14.6 Eritrea's Resort to Armed Force in the Light of the So-Called 'Accumulation of Events Theory' -- 14.7 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Part VThe Eritrea-Ethiopia War and the Law of Armed Conflict -- 15 International Humanitarian Law and the Conduct of Hostilities in the Case-Law of the Eritrea-Ethiopia Claims Commission -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 The Nature and Temporal Extent of the Conflict Between Eritrea and Ethiopia -- 15.2.1 An International Armed Conflict -- 15.2.2 Temporal Extent of the Conflict -- 15.3 The Applicable International Humanitarian Law -- 15.3.1 Basic Instruments -- 15.3.2 Treaties Binding on the Parties to the Conflict -- 15.3.3 Treaty Law and International Customary Law |
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-- 15.4 The International Responsibility for Violations of International Humanitarian Law -- 15.4.1 Basic Principles -- 15.4.2 Attribution -- 15.4.3 Content -- 15.5 The EECC's Approaches and Findings -- 15.5.1 Liability for Serious Violations -- 15.5.2 Means of Warfare -- 15.5.3 Methods of Warfare -- 15.6 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 16 The Treatment of Protected Persons Under the Applicable International Law in the Findings of the Eritrea-Ethiopia Claims Commission -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Law Applicable to the Treatment of Protected Persons -- 16.3 Jurisdiction Over Events Subsequent to the War -- 16.4 Jurisdiction Over Claims Not Filed by 12 December 2001. |
16.5 Evidentiary Issues: The Burden of Proof and the Standard Applied by the EECC. |
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