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Record Nr. |
UNINA9910974859403321 |
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Titolo |
Understanding the benefits and risks of pharmaceuticals : workshop summary, Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation, Board on Health Sciences Policy / / Leslie Pray, rapporteur ; Institute of Medicine of the National Academies |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Washington, D.C., : National Academies Press, c2007 |
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ISBN |
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0-309-17976-9 |
1-280-94146-4 |
9786610941469 |
0-309-10739-3 |
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Edizione |
[1st ed.] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (97 p.) |
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Altri autori (Persone) |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Drugs |
Drugs - Side effects |
Chemotherapy |
Chemotherapy - Side effects |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Description based upon print version of record. |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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""Front Matter""; ""Reviewers""; ""Contents""; ""Summary""; ""1 Introduction""; ""2 Regulatory Assessment""; ""3 The Challenge of Communication""; ""4 The Importance of Context in Healthcare Decision Making""; ""5 Patient Experience with Drugs over Time""; ""6 Next Steps""; ""References""; ""Appendixes""; ""A Workshop Agenda""; ""B Discussion Leader and Speaker Biographies"" |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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All pharmaceutical products have inherent risks, and their use involves trade-offs between their therapeutic benefits and their risks. However, the public has a limited understanding of the benefits and risks of drugs, and many individuals believe that drugs approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) carry no risks. The FDA is responsible for evaluating and balancing the potential risks of drugs with their potential benefits. Assessing, managing, and communicating the benefit-risk profile of a pharmaceutical product is a complex and nuanced scientific, political, and sociological challenge. Once the |
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assessment is made, the FDA is then responsible for managing how to communicate these risks and make healthcare decisions based on them. To explore these issues, the Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation conducted a public workshop entitled Understanding the Benefits and Risks of Pharmaceuticals, with the broad goals of gaining a better understanding of the current system used to evaluate benefit and risk, and to identify opportunities for improvement. This workshop was held in Washington, D.C., on May 30-31, 2006. The benefit-risk profiles of pharmaceuticals are constantly evolving as new data are collected throughout the life cycle of a drug. Discussions during the workshop focused on the following: (1) premarket assessment, during which clinical trial data are used to assess benefit and risk; (2) communication of that information to prescribing physicians and their patients; (3) healthcare decisions made by prescribing physicians and their patients; and (4) the accumulation of benefit-risk information from postmarketing experience, which feeds back into the other phases. Understanding the Benefits and Risks of Pharmaceuticals: Workshop Summary explains in detail the discussions during this workshop. |
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2. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910483399503321 |
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Autore |
Tkach Itshak |
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Titolo |
Distributed Heterogeneous Multi Sensor Task Allocation Systems / / by Itshak Tkach, Yael Edan |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Cham : , : Springer International Publishing : , : Imprint : Springer, , 2020 |
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ISBN |
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Edizione |
[1st ed. 2020.] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (xv, 139 pages) |
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Collana |
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Automation, Collaboration, & E-Services, , 2193-4738 ; ; 7 |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Control engineering |
Electronics |
Multiagent systems |
Computational intelligence |
Control and Systems Theory |
Electronics and Microelectronics, Instrumentation |
Multiagent Systems |
Computational Intelligence |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Introduction -- Multi-agent task allocation -- Multi-Sensor task allocation systems -- Evaluation methodology -- Single-layer multi-sensor task allocation system -- Extended examples of single-layer multi-sensor systems -- Dual-layer multi-sensor task allocation system -- Extended example of dual-layer multi-sensor task allocation systems -- Fault tolerant multi sensor system with high availability -- Analytical analysis of a simplified scenario of two sensors and two tasks. |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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Today’s real-world problems and applications in sensory systems and target detection require efficient, comprehensive and fault-tolerant multi-sensor allocation. This book presents the theory and applications of novel methods developed for such sophisticated systems. It discusses the advances in multi-agent systems and AI along with collaborative control theory and tools. Further, it examines the formulation and development of an allocation framework for |
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heterogeneous multi-sensor systems for various real-world problems that require sensors with different performances to allocate multiple tasks, with unknown a priori priorities that arrive at unknown locations at unknown time. It demonstrates how to decide which sensor to allocate to which tasks when and where. Lastly, it explains the reliability and availability issues of task allocation systems, and includes methods for their optimization. The presented methods are explained, measured, and evaluated by extensive simulations, and the results of these simulations are presented in this book. This book is an ideal resource for academics, researchers and graduate students as well as engineers and professionals and is relevant for various applications such as sensor network design, multi-agent systems, task allocation, target detection, and team formation. |
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