Inventive geniuses who changed the world : fifty-three great British scientists and engineers and five centuries of innovation / / John Bailey

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910522946003321
• Autore: Bailey John Cann <1864-1931, >
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Cham, Switzerland : , : Springer, , [2022]; ©2022
• ISBN: 9783030813819; 9783030813802
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (489 pages)
• Disciplina: 307.76
• Soggetti: Technological innovations - Great Britain; Engineers - Great Britain; Engineers
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Includes index.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Preface -- Scope -- How Were These Fifty-Three Eminent British Scientists and Engineers Chosen? -- Sources of Information -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Background to the Manuscript -- 1.2 National and Personal Attributes of, and Characteristics for, Scientific and Engineering Greatness -- 1.3 Dissemination of Information and the Importance of Education -- 1.4 Technological Advances -- The Victorian Era and Empire -- 2 "Revolutions"-Scientific, Agricultural and Industrial -- 2.1 Revolutionary Change -- 2.2 The World's Scientific Revolution -- 2.3 Britain's 2nd Agricultural Revolution as a Precursor to Its Industrial Revolution -- 2.4 Birthplace of the First Industrial Revolution-Why did it Occur? Why did Occur When it did? Why did it Occur in Great Britain Before Other Nations? -- 2.5 Why Was Britain So Receptive and Responsive to the Application of Science, Technology and Engineering in Industry? -- 3 The Steam Age-Evolution of Steam Engines and the 1st Steam Locomotive -- 3.1 Précis. The Age of Steam Power -- 3.2 Thomas Savery (C. 1650-1715)-1st Generation Steam Engine with No Moving Parts -- 3.3 Thomas Newcomen (1663-1729) Atmospheric, 2nd Generation Steam Engine and Pump Shaft -- 3.4 James Watt (1736-; 1819)-Mechanical Engineer, Inventor, and Key Figure in the Industrial Revolution. More Efficient and Versatile, 3rd Generation Steam Engines -- 3.5 Richard Trevithick (1771-1833)-High-Pressure, 4th Generation Steam Engine and 'Father' of the Steam Locomotive -- 4 Advances in Forms of Transport-Steam Locomotives, Cycle Tyres, Oceanic Liners, and Jet Aircraft. Transport Infrastructure-Canals, Roads, and Commercial Railways -- 4.1 Précis. The Canal Age, the Railway Age, Oceanic Travel and the Jet Age -- 4.2 James Brindley (1716-1772)-Canal Engineer and Builder. The 'Canal Age' -- 4.2.1 Background and Early Life.; 4.2.2 Navigable, Inland Waterways, Including Fossdyke and Sankey Brook. French Artificial Canals -- 4.2.3 The Bridgewater Canal and Brindley's Input to the Golden Age of Canals. Deaths of Brindley (1772) and the Duke of Bridgewater (1803) -- 4.2.4 Brindley's Input to Other Canal Projects -- 4.2.5 Trent and Mersey Canal (T&amp -- M). Wedgewood Pottery -- 4.2.6 Canal Mania -- 4.2.7 Canals in the Nineteenth Century. Competition from Railways. The Manchester Ship Canal -- 4.2.8 Canals in the Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries -- 4.2.9 Brindley's Legacy -- 4.3 John Louden McAdam (1756-1836)-Road Builder -- 4.4 George Stephenson (1781-1848) and Robert Stephenson FRS, HFRSE, DCL (1803-1859)-Civil and Mechanical Engineers. Refinements to Steam Locomotives and Pioneers of Steam Railways. The 'Railway Age' and the Electromagnetic Telegraph -- 4.4.1 Their Early Years -- 4.4.2 George Stephenson's 1st Steam Locomotive for Freight Haulage on Privately Owned Rail Tracks -- 4.4.3 George and Robert Stephenson's First Steam Locomotive for Freight and Paying Passengers. The Stockton and Darlington Railway (S&amp -- DR). Standard Gauge Rail Track -- 4.4.4 The Liverpool and Manchester Railway (L&amp -- MR). The Rocket Travelling Engine Built by Robert Stephenson &amp -- Co. -- 4.4.5 Speed of Travel vis-à-vis Horses -- Railway Mania -- the Flying Scotsman and Mallard -- Changes to Society and GMT -- 4.4.6 Telegraphic Signalling -- 4.4.7 Their Distinctions, Decorations, and Legacy -- 4.5 Isambard Kingdom Brunel FRS (1806-1859)-Mechanical and Civil Engineer -- Marine Technologist -- 4.5.1 Family Background and Education. His Father's Influence -- 4.5.2 The Thames' Tunnel -- 4.5.3 The Clifton Suspension Bridge -- 4.5.4 The Great Western Railway (GWR) from Paddington Station, London, to Brunel's Original Terminus at Bristol Temple Meads on Broad Gauge Track.; 4.5.5 Extension of the Great Western Railway (GWR): Bristol and Exeter Railway and the South Devon Railway. Brunel's "Atmospheric" Railway and the Prince Albert Bridge -- 4.5.6 From Bristol to New York via Paddle Steamer, PS Great Western. Integrated First Class Travel from London to New York via a Single, Seamless Ticket -- 4.5.7 SS Great Britain. Iron Hull, Steam Propulsion and Screw Propeller -- 4.5.8 PSS Great Eastern -- 4.5.9 PSS Great Eastern and the Transatlantic Electric Telegraph -- 4.5.10 Brunel's Personal Accidents -- Fatal Illness -- Character and Career Over-View -- Absence of Honours and Decorations, and Final Resting Place -- 4.6 John Boyd Dunlop (1840-1921)-Inventor of the 1st Commercial Pneumatic, Inflatable Tyre. The Chemistry of Rubber. History of Pneumatic Tyres for Motor Cars. Rise and Fall of the Companies Named After J.B. Dunlop -- 4.6.1 Natural Rubber and Its Vulcanisation -- 4.6.2 Compound Fillers -- Colourants for Tyres -- Toxicological and Environmental Concerns -- 4.6.3 Polymers Associated with Natural and Synthetic Rubber. The Use of Petrochemicals to Manufacture Synthetic Rubbers -- 4.6.4 Background to John Boyd Dunlop and the Development of the Company Named After Him -- 4.6.5 Robert W. Thomson's Patent -- 4.6.6 ; Monopoly from Intellectual Property Protection-Patent Acquisition and Extension. Increasing Popularity of Cycling but Dunlop's Retirement -- 4.6.7 Rise and Fall of the Dunlop Company in Its Different Guises -- 4.7 Frank Whittle OM, KBE, CB, FRS, FRAeS (1907-1996)-Aeronautical Engineer -- Inventor of the Turbojet Method of Aircraft Propulsion -- Father of the Jet Age -- 4.7.1 Early Life, Family Circumstances and Education -- 4.7.2 Theory of the Sub-sonic Turbojet Engine. Concept Development of the Whittle Unit, WU -- 4.7.3 Air Ministry Response to Whittle's Patent. Competition from Piston Engine Propulsion.; 4.7.4 The Power Jets Company. Overcoming Bureaucratic, Economic, and Technical Hurdles to Produce an Experimental Turbojet for Ground Testing -- 4.7.5 German Developments with Jet Engines (Strahltriebwerk) and Aircraft -- 4.7.6 Impending War and Its Effect on Attitudes in Britain and America to Whittle's Pioneering Work on Turbojet Engines. Flight Engine, W.1 and the Experimental Aircraft, the Gloster Pioneer -- 4.7.7 Whittle's 2nd Generation Turbojet. Involvement by the Rover Car Company and Rolls-Royce. Nationalisation of the Power Jets Co. -- 4.7.8 Whittle's Life After the RAF -- Tributes and Civic Honours -- Emigration to the USA -- Whittle's Legacy -- 5 Drawbacks with Industrialization. Sanitary Revolution Offering Technologies to Improve Public Health -- 5.1 Précis -- 5.2 Background. The Liverpudlian Solution -- 5.3 John Harington (1561-1612)-1st Indoor Flushing Water Closet (WC) -- 5.4 Alexander Cumming (1733-1814)-Flush Toilet with an S-bend Outlet -- 5.5 Josiah George Jennings (1810-1882)-Sanitary Engineer -- 1st Public Flushing Toilet -- 5.6 Thomas Crapper (1836-1910)-Toilet Cistern Fitted with a Ballcock -- 5.7 Joseph Bazalgette CB (1819-1891)-Civil Engineer -- Urban Sewage System -- 5.7.1 Background -- 5.7.2 Cholera in London and Its Eradication -- 5.7.3 London's Integrated Sewage System -- 6 17th and 18th Century Multi-disciplinary Scientists. Motion, Forces, Gravity and Light -- 6.1 Précis -- 6.2 Robert Hooke FRS (1635-1703)-Polymath -- 6.3 Isaac Newton PRS (1642-1727)-Polymath and One of the Greatest Physicists and Mathematicians -- 6.3.1 Background-Upbringing, Education, Decorations, Setbacks, and Honours -- 6.3.2 Light and Telescopes -- Book I of Opticks -- 6.3.3 Contemporaneous Views on Celestial Bodies-Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo and Newton. Conflicts with Religious Leaders and Beliefs.; 6.3.4 The Principia (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy) Books I to III -- 6.3.5 Book I, De motu corporum (On the Motion of Bodies) -- 6.3.5.1 Laws of Motion -- Quantitative Foundations of Classical Mechanics -- 6.3.5.2 A New Form of Mathematics-The Method of Fluxions (Published Posthumously in 1736), Better Known as Infinitesimal Calculus -- 6.3.6 Book II, Part 2 of De motu corporum -- 6.3.7 Book III, De mundi systemate (On the System of the World) -- 6.3.7.1 Centripetal Force -- Law of Universal Gravitation -- 6.3.7.2 Acceleration Due to Gravity (g) -- Mass Versus Weight -- 6.3.7.3 Ocean Tides -- Lunar Versus Solar Tides -- Spring and Neap Tides -- Tidal Bores -- 6.3.7.4 Declination of the Sun -- Relationship to Equinoxes and Solstices-Four Key Astronomical Events. Solar Noon -- 6.3.7.5 Effect of a Varying Axial Tilt on Seasons and Intensity of Sunshine. Reason Why Summer Season in the Southern Hemisphere is Cooler Than in the Northern Hemisphere -- 6.3.7.6 The Earth's Oblateness. The Ecliptic Plane. How Precession Changes Our Alignment with the Constellations and the North Star. Significance of the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn -- 6.3.7.7 Zodiacal Constellations. Western Astrology Star Signs -- 6.3.8 Summary -- 6.4 Henry Cavendish FRS (1731-1810)-Natural Philosopher -- Experimental and Theoretical ; Chemist and Physicist -- 6.4.1 Background -- 6.4.2 Cavendish's Mimicry of Torpedo Fish -- Artificially Produced Electricity. Electric Charge and Potential Difference -- 6.4.3 Cavendish's Experimentation on Gaseous Substances. Phlogiston Theory -- 6.4.4 The Cavendish Experiment-Measurement of the Force of Gravity Between Masses in a Laboratory -- Density of the Earth -- 6.4.5 Cavendish Laboratory and the Royal Institution -- 7 Natural Sciences -- 7.1 Précis -- 7.2 Robert William Boyle FRS (1627-1691)-Father of Modern Chemistry.; 7.3 Joseph Priestley LLD, FRS (1733-1804)-Maverick Theologian.

Changing Practices, Changing Education / / by Stephen Kemmis, Jane Wilkinson, Christine Edwards-Groves, Ian Hardy, Peter Grootenboer, Laurette Bristol

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910483229503321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Singapore : , : Springer Nature Singapore : , : Imprint : Springer, , 2014
• ISBN: 9789814560474; 9814560472
• Edizione: [1st ed. 2014.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (288 p.)
• Disciplina: 379.94
• Soggetti: School management and organization; Education and state; Organization and Leadership; Educational Policy and Politics
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: 1) Education: The need for revitalisation -- 2) Praxis, practice and practice architectures -- 3) Ecologies of practices -- 4) Student Learning: Learning practices -- 5) Teaching: Initiation into practices -- 6) Professional learning as practice development -- 7) Practising leading -- 8) Researching as a practice-changing practice -- 9) Revitalising Education: Site based education development -- Appendix) Analysing practices using the theories of practice architectures and ecologies of practices: An example.
• Sommario/riassunto: This book aims to help teachers and those who support them to re-imagine the work of teaching, learning and leading. In particular, it shows how transformations of educational practice depend on complementary transformations in classroom-school- and system-level organisational cultures, resourcing and politics. It argues that transforming education requires more than professional development to transform teachers; it also calls for fundamental changes in learning and leading practices, which in turn means reshaping organisations that support teachers and teaching – organisational cultures, the resources organisations provide and distribute, and the relationships that connect people with one another in organisations. The book is based on findings from research conducted by the authors – the research team for the (2010-2012) Australian Research Council-funded Discovery Project Leading and Learning: Developing Ecologies of Educational Practice. The book provides an introduction to new contributions to practice theory: the theory of practice architectures (what practices are composed of) and the theory of ecologies of practices (how practices relate to one another). Among other examples of practices of learning, teaching, professional learning, leading and researching, the book provides a detailed analysis of a classroom lesson to demonstrate how the theories can be used in the analysis and interpretation of empirical material: practices and the conditions that form and are formed by them. .