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1. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910483005203321 |
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Autore |
Werkle Horst |
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Titolo |
Finite elements in structural analysis : theoretical concepts and modeling procedures in statics and dynamics of structures / / Horst Werkle |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Cham, Switzerland : , : Springer, , [2021] |
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©2021 |
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ISBN |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (716 pages) |
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Collana |
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Springer Tracts in Civil Engineering |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Structural analysis (Engineering) - Mathematics |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- 1 Mathematical Background -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Matrices and Vectors -- 1.3 Matrix Algebra -- 1.3.1 Addition and Subtraction -- 1.3.2 Multiplication -- 1.3.3 Inverse of a Matrix -- 1.4 Linear Systems of Equations -- 1.4.1 Inhomogeneous and Homogeneous Systems of Equations -- 1.4.2 Existence of Solutions -- 1.4.3 Numerical Solution Methods -- 1.4.4 Norms and Condition Number -- 1.5 Eigenvalue Problems -- 1.5.1 General Eigenvalue Problem -- 1.5.2 Numerical Solution of Eigenvalue Problems -- Exercises -- References -- 2 Basic Equations of the Theory of Elasticity -- 2.1 Types of Structures -- 2.2 One-Dimensional and Two-Dimensional States of Stress -- 2.3 Beams and Plates in Bending -- 2.4 Spatial Structures -- 2.4.1 Generals -- 2.4.2 Beams -- 2.4.3 Solids -- References -- 3 Truss and Beam Structures -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.1.1 The Finite Element Method in Structural Analysis -- 3.1.2 Nodal Points, Degrees of Freedom, and Finite Elements -- 3.1.3 Computational Method -- 3.2 Introductory Example: Plane Truss System -- 3.2.1 Structural System -- 3.2.2 Element Stiffness Matrix of a Truss Element -- 3.2.3 Coordinate Transformation -- 3.2.4 Global Stiffness Matrix -- 3.2.5 Support Conditions -- 3.2.6 Solution of the System of Equations -- 3.2.7 Support Forces and Element Stresses -- 3.2.8 Flexibility Matrix -- 3.3 Elastic Springs -- 3.3.1 Elastic Support of Nodal Points -- 3.3.2 Spring Elements -- 3.4 Beams |
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in Bending -- 3.4.1 Stiffness Matrix of the Beam Element -- 3.4.2 Element Loads -- 3.4.3 Extension of the Stiffness Matrix of the Beam Element -- 3.4.4 Coordinate Transformation -- 3.4.5 Hinges -- 3.5 Combined Beam and Truss Systems -- 3.6 Spatial Trusses and Beam Structures -- 3.6.1 3D Truss Element -- 3.6.2 3D Beam Element -- 3.6.3 Beam Element with Warping Torsion -- 3.7 Modeling of Beam Structures. |
3.7.1 Supports -- 3.7.2 Springs -- 3.7.3 Beam Structures -- 3.7.4 Symmetrical Structures -- 3.8 Quality Assurance and Documentation -- 3.8.1 Sources of Error -- 3.8.2 Checking of Beam Structures Computations -- 3.8.3 Documentation of Finite Element Analyses -- Exercises -- References -- 4 Plate, Shell, and Solid Structures -- 4.1 Historical Background -- 4.2 Basic Concepts -- 4.3 Approximation Character of the Finite Element Method -- 4.3.1 One-Dimensional Introductory Example -- 4.3.2 Analytical Solution -- 4.3.3 FEM Approximate Solution with Linear Shape Functions -- 4.3.4 FEM Approximate Solution with Quadratic Shape Functions -- 4.3.5 Properties of the Finite Element Approximate Solution -- 4.4 Rectangular Elements for Plates in Plane Stress -- 4.4.1 Shape Functions -- 4.4.2 Strains and Stresses -- 4.4.3 Stiffness Matrix -- 4.4.4 Element Loads -- 4.4.5 Examples -- 4.5 Finite Elements for Plates in Plane Stress -- 4.5.1 Properties of Finite Elements -- 4.5.2 Displacement-Based Elements with Compatible Shape Functions -- 4.5.3 Nonconforming Elements -- 4.5.4 Hybrid Elements -- 4.5.5 Other Element Types -- 4.5.6 Element Types in Finite Element Software for Structural Analysis -- 4.6 Rectangular Element for Plates in Bending -- 4.6.1 Element Type -- 4.6.2 Shape Functions -- 4.6.3 Deformations and Section Forces -- 4.6.4 Stiffness Matrix -- 4.6.5 Element Loads -- 4.7 Finite Elements for Plates in Bending -- 4.7.1 Displacement-Based Shear Flexible Elements -- 4.7.2 Displacement-Based Shear Rigid Plate Elements -- 4.7.3 Hybrid Plate Elements -- 4.7.4 Other Element Types -- 4.7.5 Element Types in Finite Element Software for Structural Analysis -- 4.8 Finite Elements for Shells -- 4.8.1 Plane Shell Elements as Superimposed Membrane and Bending Elements -- 4.8.2 Curved Shell Elements as "Degenerated" Solid Elements -- 4.8.3 Axisymmetric Shell Elements. |
4.8.4 Element Types in Finite Element Software for Structural Analysis -- 4.9 Solid Elements -- 4.9.1 Isoparametric Elements -- 4.9.2 Other Element Types -- 4.9.3 Axisymmetric Solid Elements -- 4.9.4 Element Types in Finite-Element Software for Structural Analysis -- 4.10 Transition between Beam, Plate and Solid Elements -- 4.10.1 Generals -- 4.10.2 Transformation of Element Matrices -- 4.10.3 Connections with Displacement Assumptions (RDT) -- 4.10.4 Connections with Stress Assumptions (EST) -- 4.10.5 Engineering Models -- 4.10.6 Other Element Transitions -- 4.11 Modeling of Structural Elements and Buildings -- 4.11.1 Structural Models -- 4.11.2 Singularities of Stresses and Displacements -- 4.11.3 Element Types and Meshing -- 4.11.4 Mesh Generation -- 4.11.5 Modeling of Plates in Plane Stress -- 4.11.6 Modeling of Plates in Bending -- 4.11.7 Foundation Slabs -- 4.11.8 Modeling of Folded Plate and Shell Structures -- 4.11.9 Three-Dimensional Building Models -- 4.11.10 Interpretation of Results -- 4.12 Quality Assurance and Documentation -- 4.12.1 Types of Error -- 4.12.2 Error Estimation and Adaptive Meshing -- 4.12.3 Checking of Surface and Spatial Structure Computations -- 4.12.4 Documentation of Finite Element Analyses of Surface and Spatial Structures -- Exercises -- References -- 5 Dynamic Analysis of Structures -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Basic Concepts of Dynamics -- 5.2.1 Kinematics -- 5.2.2 Inertial Forces -- 5.2.3 Damping Forces -- |
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5.3 Equations of Motion -- 5.4 Free Vibrations -- 5.4.1 Undamped Vibrations -- 5.4.2 Damped Vibrations -- 5.5 Forced Vibrations with Harmonic Excitation -- 5.6 Forced Vibrations with General Dynamic Excitation -- 5.6.1 Generals -- 5.6.2 Direct Numerical Integration -- 5.6.3 Modal Analysis -- 5.6.4 Fourier Transformation -- 5.7 Earthquake Excitation -- 5.7.1 Generals -- 5.7.2 Methods of Analysis. |
5.7.3 Time History Analysis -- 5.7.4 Response Spectrum Analysis -- 5.8 Modeling for Dynamic Analysis -- 5.8.1 Structural Model -- 5.8.2 Finite Element Model -- 5.8.3 Discretization in Time and Frequency Domain -- 5.8.4 Building Models -- 5.8.5 Soil-Structure Interaction -- 5.8.6 Modeling and Validation -- Exercises -- References -- The Book's Homepage -- -- Index. |
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2. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9911019575503321 |
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Autore |
Niemantsverdriet J. W |
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Titolo |
Spectroscopy in catalysis : an introduction / / J.W. Niemantsverdriet |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Weinheim, : Wiley-VCH |
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[Chichester, : John Wiley, distributor], 2007 |
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ISBN |
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9786612118401 |
9786611087975 |
9781281087973 |
1281087971 |
9781282118409 |
1282118404 |
9783527611348 |
3527611347 |
9783527611355 |
3527611355 |
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Edizione |
[3rd completely rev. and enl. ed.] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (346 p.) |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Catalysis |
Spectrum analysis |
Catalysts - Analysis |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references and index. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Spectroscopy in Catalysis; Contents; Preface; List of Acronyms; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Heterogeneous Catalysis; 1.2 The Aim of Catalyst Characterization; 1.3 Spectroscopic Techniques; 1.4 Research Strategies; References; 2 Temperature-Programmed Techniques; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Temperature-Programmed Reduction; 2.2.1 Thermodynamics of Reduction; 2.2.2 Reduction Mechanisms; 2.2.3 Applications; 2.3 Temperature-Programmed Sulfidation; 2.4 Temperature-Programmed Reaction Spectroscopy; 2.5 Temperature-Programmed Desorption; 2.5.1 TPD Analysis; 2.5.2 Desorption in the Transition State Theory |
2.6 Temperature-Programmed Reaction Spectroscopy in UHVReferences; 3 Photoemission and Auger Spectroscopy; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS); 3.2.1 XPS Intensities and Sample Composition; 3.2.2 XPS Binding Energies and Oxidation States; 3.2.3 Shake Up, Shake Off, Multiplet Splitting and Plasmon Excitations; 3.2.4 Experimental Aspects of XPS; 3.2.5 Charging and Sample Damage; 3.2.6 Dispersion of Supported Particles from XPS; 3.2.7 Angle-Dependent XPS; 3.2.8 In-Situ and Real Time XPS Studies; 3.3 Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy (UPS) |
3.3.1 Photoemission of Adsorbed Xenon3.4 Auger Electron Spectroscopy; 3.4.1 Energy of Auger Peaks; 3.4.2 Intensity of Auger Peaks; 3.4.3 Application of AES in Catalytic Surface Science; 3.4.4 Scanning Auger Spectroscopy; 3.4.5 Depth-Sensitive Information from AES; References; 4 The Ion Spectroscopies; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS); 4.2.1 Theory of SIMS; 4.2.2 Electron and Photon Emission under Ion Bombardment; 4.2.3 Energy Distribution of Secondary Ions; 4.2.4 The Ionization Probability; 4.2.5 Emission of Molecular Clusters; 4.2.6 Conditions for Static SIMS |
4.2.7 Charging of Insulating Samples4.2.8 Applications on Catalysts; 4.2.9 Model Catalysts; 4.2.10 Single Crystal Studies; 4.2.11 Concluding Remarks; 4.3 Secondary Neutral Mass Spectrometry (SNMS); 4.4 Ion Scattering: The Collision Process; 4.5 Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS); 4.6 Low-Energy Ion Scattering (LEIS); 4.6.1 Neutralization; 4.6.2 Applications of LEIS in Catalysis; References; 5 Mössbauer Spectroscopy; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 The Mössbauer Effect; 5.3 Mössbauer Spectroscopy; 5.3.1 Isomer Shift; 5.3.2 Electric Quadrupole Splitting; 5.3.3 Magnetic Hyperfine Splitting |
5.3.4 Intensity5.4 Mössbauer Spectroscopy in Catalyst Characterization; 5.4.1 In-Situ Mössbauer Spectroscopy at Cryogenic Temperatures; 5.4.2 Particle Size Determination; 5.4.3 Kinetics of Solid-State Reactions from Single Velocity Experiments; 5.4.4 In-Situ Mössbauer Spectroscopy Under Reaction Conditions; 5.4.5 Mössbauer Spectroscopy of Elements Other Than Iron; 5.5 Conclusion; References; 6 Diffraction and Extended X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS); 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 X-Ray Diffraction; 6.2.1 In-Situ XRD: Kinetics of Solid-State Reactions; 6.2.2 Concluding Remarks |
6.3 Low-Energy Electron Diffraction (LEED) |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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"... this book is a uniquely helpful guide to many of the major (and some minor) techniques used to investigate the structures of solid catalysts and model systems and is written from the perspective of a prolific researcher in the field. The writing is enjoyable to read, the illustrations are clear, and the reader is guided efficiently to key technical references for further details... " -Journal of the American Chemical Society Superbly organized and of great pedagogic value, |
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Spectroscopy in Catalysis describes the most important modern analytical techniques used to inv |
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