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1. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910480283803321 |
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Autore |
Clocksin William F |
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Titolo |
Clause and Effect [[electronic resource] ] : Prolog Programming for the Working Programmer / / by William F. Clocksin |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Berlin, Heidelberg : , : Springer Berlin Heidelberg : , : Imprint : Springer, , 1997 |
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ISBN |
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Edizione |
[1st ed. 1997.] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (IX, 143 p.) |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Computer programming |
Software engineering |
Programming languages (Electronic computers) |
Artificial intelligence |
Programming Techniques |
Software Engineering |
Programming Languages, Compilers, Interpreters |
Artificial Intelligence |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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1. Getting Started -- 1.1 Syntax -- 1.2 Programs -- 1.3 Unification -- 1.4 Execution Model -- 2. Data Structures -- 2.1 Square Bracket Notation -- 2.2 Arithmetic -- 3. Mapping -- Worksheet 10: Full Maps -- Worksheet 11: Multiple Choices -- Worksheet 12: Partial Maps -- Worksheet 13: Removing Duplicates -- Worksheet 14: Partial Maps with a Parameter -- Worksheet 15: Multiple Disjoint Partial Maps -- Worksheet 16: Multiple Disjoint Partial Maps -- Worksheet 17: Full Maps with State -- Worksheet 18: Sequential Maps with State -- Worksheet 19: Scattered Maps with State -- 4. Choice and Commitment -- 4.1 The ‘Cut’ -- 4.2 A Disjoint Partial Map with Cut -- 4.3 Taming Cut -- 4.4 Cut and Negation-as-Failure -- 4.5 Negation-as-Failure Can Be Misleading -- 5. Difference Structures -- Worksheet 25: Concatenating Lists -- Worksheet 26: Rotations of a List -- Worksheet 27: Linearising -- 5.1 Difference Lists -- 5.2 Solution to Max Tree -- 6. |
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Case Study: Term Rewriting -- 6.1 Symbolic Differentiation -- 6.2 Matrix Products by Symbolic Algebra -- 6.3 The Simplifier -- 7. Case Study: Manipulation of Combinational Circuits -- 7.1 Representing Circuits -- 7.2 Simulation of Circuits -- 7.3 Sums and Products -- 7.4 Simplifying SOP Expressions -- 7.5 Alternative Representation -- 8. Case Study: Clocked Sequential Circuits -- 8.1 Divide-by-Two Pulse Divider -- 8.2 Sequential Parity Checker -- 8.3 Four-Stage Shift Register -- 8.4 Gray Code Counter -- 8.5 Specification of Cascaded Components -- 9. Case Study: A Compiler forThree Model Computers -- 9.1 The Register Machine -- 9.2 The Single-Accumulator Machine -- 9.3 The Stack Machine -- 9.4 Optimisation: Preprocessing the Syntax Tree -- 9.5 Peephole Optimisation -- 10. Case Study: The Fast Fourier Transform in Prolog -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Notation for Polynomials -- 10.3 The DFT -- 10.4 Example: 8-point DFT -- 10.5 Naive Implementation of the DFT -- 10.6 From DFT to FFT -- 10.7 Merging Common Subexpressions -- 10.8 The Graph Generator -- 10.9 Example Run: 8-point FFT -- 10.10 Bibliographic Notes -- 11. Case Study: Higher-Order Functional Programming -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 A Notation for Functions -- 11.3 The Evaluator -- 11.4 Using Higher-Order Functions -- 11.5 Discussion -- 11.6 Bibliographic Notes. |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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This book is for people who have done some programming, either in Prolog or in a language other than Prolog, and who can find their way around a reference manual. The emphasis of this book is on a simplified and disciplined methodology for discerning the mathematical structures related to a problem, and then turning these structures into Prolog programs. This book is therefore not concerned about the particular features of the language nor about Prolog programming skills or techniques in general. A relatively pure subset of Prolog is used, which includes the 'cut', but no input/output, no assert/retract, no syntactic extensions such as if then-else and grammar rules, and hardly any built-in predicates apart from arithmetic operations. I trust that practitioners of Prolog program ming who have a particular interest in the finer details of syntactic style and language features will understand my purposes in not discussing these matters. The presentation, which I believe is novel for a Prolog programming text, is in terms of an outline of basic concepts interleaved with worksheets. The idea is that worksheets are rather like musical exercises. Carefully graduated in scope, each worksheet introduces only a limited number of new ideas, and gives some guidance for practising them. The principles introduced in the worksheets are then applied to extended examples in the form of case studies. |
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2. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910298608903321 |
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Titolo |
Halogen Bonding II : Impact on Materials Chemistry and Life Sciences / / edited by Pierangelo Metrangolo, Giuseppe Resnati |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Cham : , : Springer International Publishing : , : Imprint : Springer, , 2015 |
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ISBN |
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Edizione |
[1st ed. 2015.] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (IX, 208 p. 130 illus., 66 illus. in color.) |
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Collana |
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Topics in Current Chemistry, , 1436-5049 ; ; 359 |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Inorganic chemistry |
Chemistry, Organic |
Medicinal chemistry |
Inorganic Chemistry |
Organic Chemistry |
Medicinal Chemistry |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Intro -- Preface -- References -- Contents -- Characteristics of a sigma-Hole and the Nature of a Halogen Bond -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods -- 2.1 Isolated Subsystems -- 2.2 SAPT Decomposition -- 2.3 Complexes -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Halogenated Molecules -- 3.2 Complexes -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Anion Recognition in Solution via Halogen Bonding -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Interactions of Anions with Monodentate Halogen Bond Donors -- 2.1 Molecular Halogen or Interhalogen Donors -- 2.2 Monodentate Haloorganic Donors -- 3 Multidentate Halogen Bond Donors as Anion Receptors -- 4 Anion Recognition with Cationic Halogen Bond Donors -- 5 Anion Recognition Through Combinations of Halogen and Hydrogen Bonding -- 6 Summary, Conclusions, and Outlook -- References -- Halogen Bonding in Solution -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Neutral, Two-Center Halogen Bond Complexes -- 3 Charged, Two-Center Halogen Bond Complexes -- 4 Neutral, Three-Center Halogen Bond Complexes -- 5 Charged, Three-Center Halogen Bond Complexes -- 6 Conclusions and Outlook -- 7 Addendum -- References -- |
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Halonium Ions as Halogen Bond Donors in the Solid State [XL2]Y Complexes -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Halogen Bond: The Long Lost Brother of the Hydrogen Bond -- 1.2 . or Simply a Charge Transfer Interaction? -- 2 Halonium-Nitrogen Complexes -- 2.1 Aromatic sp2 Nitrogen -- 2.2 Halonium to sp and Other sp2 Nitrogens -- 2.3 Halonium to sp3 Nitrogens -- 3 Halonium-Sulfur Complexes -- 4 Halonium-Selenium and Halonium-Tellurium Complexes -- References -- Organizing Radical Species in the Solid State with Halogen Bonding -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Radicals as Halogen Bond Donors -- 2.1 Halogenated Trioxytriangulene Radical -- 2.2 TTF Radical Cations Salts: Toward Chiral Conductors -- 2.2.1 IodoTTFs with Non-centrosymmetric ClO4- Anion -- 2.2.2 IodoTTFs with Halogen Bonding to Chiral Anions. |
2.2.3 Chiral IodoTTF Salts -- 2.3 Paramagnetic Metal Complexes with Halogenated Ligands -- 2.3.1 Halopyridine Complexes of Metal Halides -- 2.3.2 Spin Crossover Cooperativity and Halogen Bonding -- 3 Radicals as Halogen Bond Acceptors -- 3.1 Nitronyl Radicals -- 3.2 Metal Complexes with Essentially Metallic Spin Density -- 3.3 Metal Complexes with Non-innocent Ligands -- 4 Halogen-Bonded Charge Transfer Salts -- 5 Summary, Conclusions, and Outlook -- References -- Halogen Bonding in the Design of Organic Phosphors -- 1 Introduction -- 2 New Strategy of Introducing Metal-Free Heavy Atom Perturber by Halogen Bonding in Defined Stoichiometry -- 2.1 Halogen Bonding Acceptors as Phosphors -- 2.2 Donors as Heavy Atom Perturbing Sources -- 2.3 Advantages of Halogen Bonding -- 3 Phosphorescent Cocrystals Assembled by the New Strategy -- 3.1 Structural Features of Cocrystals -- 3.1.1 Cocrystals by PAHs and Haloperfluorobenzenes -- 3.1.2 Cocrystals by Fluorene and Its Heterocyclic Analogues and Haloperfluorobenzenes -- 3.2 Phosphorescent Properties of Cocrystals -- 3.2.1 Emission from PAHs in Cocrystals -- 3.2.2 Emission from Fluorene or Its Heterocyclic Analogues in Cocrystals -- 4 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Halogen-Bonded Photoresponsive Materials -- 1 Preface -- 2 Introduction to Azobenzene -- 3 Photoinduced Surface Patterning in Azopolymers: What Does Halogen Bonding Have to Offer? -- 4 Photoactive Halogen-Bonded Liquid Crystals -- 5 Halogen-Bonded Crystals That Move -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Halogen Bonds in Organic Synthesis and Organocatalysis -- 1 Hydrogen Bonding in Non-covalent Organocatalysis -- 2 Halogen Bonding in Organic Synthesis and Non-covalent Organocatalysis -- 2.1 Further Directional Interaction: Halogen Bonding -- 2.2 Overview and Scope -- 2.3 Solely-Halogen-Based Halogen-Bond Donors -- 2.3.1 Elemental Halogens. |
2.3.2 Interhalogen Compounds -- 2.4 N-X-Based Halogen-Bond Donors -- 2.5 C-X-Based Halogen-Bond Donors -- 2.5.1 Monodentate Halogen-Bond Donors -- 2.5.2 Multidentate Halogen-Bond Donors -- Proof-of-Principle Reaction -- Isothermal Calorimetric Titrations -- Halopyridinium-Based Halogen-Bond Donors as Activators -- Triazolium-Based Halogen-Bond Donors as Activators -- Polyfluorinated Azo-Bridged Halogen-Bond Donors -- Polyfluorinated Halogen-Bond Donors as Organocatalysts -- 3 Summary and Outlook -- References -- Index. |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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The series Topics in Current Chemistry presents critical reviews of the present and future trends in modern chemical research. The scope of coverage is all areas of chemical science including the interfaces with related disciplines such as biology, medicine and materials science. The goal of each thematic volume is to give the non-specialist reader, whether in academia or industry, a comprehensive insight into an area where new research is emerging which is of interest to a larger |
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scientific audience. Each review within the volume critically surveys one aspect of that topic and places it within the context of the volume as a whole. The most significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years are presented using selected examples to illustrate the principles discussed. The coverage is not intended to be an exhaustive summary of the field or include large quantities of data, but should rather be conceptual, concentrating on the methodological thinking that will allow the non-specialist reader to understand the information presented. Contributions also offer an outlook on potential future developments in the field. Review articles for the individual volumes are invited by the volume editors. Readership: research chemists at universities or in industry, graduate students. |
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