Efficient desalination by reverse osmosis : a guide to RO practice / / Stewart Burn and Stephen Gray

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910467572003321
• Autore: Burn Stewart
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: London, England : , : IWA Publishing, , 2016; ©2016
• ISBN: 1-78040-504-9
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (267 p.)
• Disciplina: 628.167
• Soggetti: Saline water conversion; Water - Purification - Reverse osmosis process; Electronic books.
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters.
• Nota di contenuto: Cover; Copyright; Contents; Acknowledgements; Chapter 1: Introduction: Desalination by reverse osmosis; Chapter 2: The process of reverse osmosis; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Osmotic Pressure; 2.2.1 Calculation of osmotic pressure; 2.3 Water Flow; 2.3.1 Salt rejection; 2.3.2 Salt passage; 2.4 Salt Flow; 2.5 Recovery; 2.6 Concentration Polarization; 2.6.1 Control of concentration polarization; 2.6.2 Effects of concentration polarization; 2.6.3 Concentration polarization factor; 2.7 Mass Transfer Coefficient; 2.8 Water Temperature; 2.9 Summary; 2.10 References; Chapter 3: Filtration technologies for pretreatment of seawater desalination based on reverse osmosis3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Granular Media Filtration; 3.2.1 Background; 3.2.2 Coagulation; 3.2.3 Coagulant type; 3.2.4 Filtration rates; 3.2.5 Media; 3.2.6 Backwash; 3.3 Membrane Filtration; 3.3.1 Background; 3.3.2 Coagulation; 3.3.3 Flux and recovery; 3.3.4 Membranes; 3.3.5 Cleaning; 3.4 Selection of Seawater Filtration Pretreatment; 3.4.1 Water quality; 3.4.2 Cost; 3.5 Summary and Conclusion; 3.6 References; Chapter 4: Reverse osmosis process' design and applications; 4.1 Overview; 4.1.1 Single and multiple pass RO systems4.2 NF System Configurations; 4.3 BWRO System Configurations; 4.4 Seawater System Configurations; 4.4.1 Single-pass SWRO systems; 4.4.2 Two-pass ; SWRO systems; 4.4.3 Conventional full-two pass SWRO systems; 4.4.4 Split-partial two-pass SWRO systems; 4.4.5 Product water quality of single and two-pass SWRO systems; 4.4.6 Four-stage SWRO systems; 4.4.7 Two-stage SWRO systems; 4.4.8 Hybrid SWRO systems with multiple passes and stages; 4.5 Three-Center RO System Configuration; 4.6 References; Chapter 5: Fouling in reverse osmosis; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Inorganic Species5.3 Colloidal Material; 5.4 Adsorption of Organics; 5.5 Biofouling; 5.6 Advances in Membrane Autopsy; 5.7 Pre-Treatments; 5.7.1 Scale control; 5.7.2 Conventional coagulation/sedimentation/filtration; 5.7.3 Dissolved air flotation; 5.7.4 Ion exchange; 5.7.5 Low pressure MF or UF membranes; 5.7.6 High pressure NF membranes; 5.7.7 Combined technologies; 5.7.8 Comparison of conventional and membrane pre-treatment; 5.8 Anti-Fouling Membranes; 5.8.1 Increased hydrophilic character; 5.8.2 Charge modification; 5.8.3 Antibacterial surfaces; 5.8.4 Challenges; 5.9 Conclusions; 5.10 ReferencesChapter 6: Reverse osmosis beneficiation; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Engineered Osmosis Processes; 6.2.1 Osmotically-driven processes: applications, benefits and limitations; 6.2.2 Integrated FO and RO processes; 6.3 Renewable Sources as Energy Enhancement Facilities for Reverse Osmosis Process; 6.3.1 Wind-powered RO plants; 6.3.2 Solar-powered and photovoltaic; 6.3.3 Wave energy; 6.4 Reverse Osmosis Concentrate; 6.4.1 Forward osmosis; 6.4.2 Pressure retarded osmosis; 6.4.3 Membrane distillation; 6.5 Conclusions; 6.6 References; Chapter 7: Brine management; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Challenges in Brines Management