Assyrian / Streck, Michael P. -- 15. Akkadian and Sumerian Language Contact / Zólyomi, Gábor -- 16. Akkadian as a Diplomatic Language / Soldt, Wilfred H. van -- 17. Akkadian and Aramaic Language Contact / Streck, Michael P. -- V. The Semitic Languages and Dialects III: North-West Semitic -- 18. Northwest Semitic in General / Gzella, Holger -- 19. Amorite / Streck, Michel P. -- 20. Ugaritic / Pardee, Dennis -- 21. Phoenician and Punic / Röllig, Wolfgang -- 22. Biblical Hebrew / Edzard, Lutz -- 23. Mishnaic Hebrew / Bar-Asher, Moshe -- 24. Modern Hebrew / Schwarzwald, Ora (Rodrigue) -- 25. Hebrew as the Language of Judaism / Sáenz-Badillos, Angel -- 26. The Re-Emergence of Hebrew as a National Language / Reshef, Yael -- 27. Old Aramaic / Fales, Frederick Mario -- 28. Imperial Aramaic / Gzella, Holger -- 29. Imperial Aramaic as an Administrative Language of the Achaemenid Period / Folmer, Margaretha -- 30. Late Imperial Aramaic / Gzella, Holger -- 31. Jewish Palestinian Aramaic / Sokoloff, Michael -- 32. Samaritan Aramaic / Tal, Abraham -- 33. Christian Palestinian Aramaic / Morgenstern, Matthew -- 34. Syriac / Healey, John F. -- 35. Syriac as the Language of Eastern Christianity / Chatonnet, Françoise Briquel -- 36. Jewish Babylonian Aramaic / Sokoloff, Michael -- 37. Mandaic / Burtea, Bogdan -- 38. Western Neo-Aramaic / Arnold, Werner -- 39. Ṭuroyo and Mlaḥsô / Jastrow, Otto -- 40. North-Eastern Neo-Aramaic / Khan, Geoffrey -- 41. Neo-Mandaic / Häberl, Charles G. -- 42. Language Contact between Aramaic Dialects and Iranian / Kapeliuk, Olga -- 43. Aramaic-Arabic Language Contact / Weninger, Stefan -- VI. The Semitic Languages and Dialects IV: Languages of the Arabian Peninsula -- 44. Ancient North Arabian / Hayajneh, Hani -- 45. Classical Arabic / Retsö,, Jan -- 46. Arabic as the Language of Islam / Haleem, Muhammad A. S. Abdel -- 47. Middle Arabic / Khan, Geoffrey -- 48. Creating a Modern Standard Language from Medieval Tradition: The Nahḍa and the Arabic Academies / Glaß, Dagmar -- 49. Modern Standard Arabic / Ryding, Karin C. -- 50. Arabic Dialects (general article) / Watson, Janet C.E. -- 51. Dialects of the Arabian Peninsula / Watson, Janet C. E. -- 52. Arabic Dialects of Mesopotamia / Talay, Shabo -- 53. Dialects of the Levant / Naïm, Samia -- 54. Dialects of Egypt and Sudan / Dickins, James -- 55. Arabic in the North African Region / Pereira, Christophe -- 56. Arabic Sociolinguistics / Owens, Jonathan -- 57. Arabic Urban Vernaculars / Miller, Catherine -- 58. Arabic-based Pidgins and Creoles / Luffin, Xavier -- 59. Berber and Arabic Language Contact / Tilmatine, Mohand -- 60. Arabic-Persian Language Contact / Gazsi, Dénes -- 61. Language Contact between Arabic and Modern European Languages / Edzard, Lutz -- 62. Maltese as a National Language / Borg, Albert -- 63. Ancient South Arabian / Stein, Peter -- 64. Modern South Arabian / Simeone-Senelle, Marie-Claude -- VII. The Semitic Languages and Dialects V: Ethio-Semitic Languages -- 65. Ethio-Semitic in General / Weninger, Stefan -- 66. Old Ethiopic / Weninger, Stefan -- 67. Tigre / Morin, Didier -- 68. Tigrinya / Voigt, Rainer -- 69. Tigrinya as National Language of Eritrea and Tigray / Voigt, Rainer -- 70. Amharic / Meyer, Ronny -- 71. The Role of Amharic as a National Language and an African lingua franca / Meyer, Ronny -- 72. Gurage / Meyer, Ronny -- 73. Harari / Wagner, Ewald -- 74. Ethiosemitic-Cushitic Language Contact / Crass, Joachim / Meyer, Ronny -- Terminological index |