1.

Record Nr.

UNINA9910465360803321

Autore

Bybee Joan L

Titolo

Frequency of use and the organization of language [[electronic resource] /] / Joan Bybee

Pubbl/distr/stampa

Oxford ; ; New York, : Oxford University Press, 2007

ISBN

0-19-029384-5

9786611162917

1-4356-0543-8

0-19-804129-2

0-19-530157-9

1-281-16291-4

Descrizione fisica

1 online resource (374 p.)

Disciplina

410.1/51

Soggetti

Frequency (Linguistics)

Linguistic change

Electronic books.

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Note generali

Description based upon print version of record.

Nota di bibliografia

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Nota di contenuto

Contents; Part I: Background and Current Context; Introduction to Part I; 1. Introduction; 2. Word Frequency in Lexical Diffusion and the Source of Morphophonological Change; Part II: Frequency as a Determinant of Morphological Structure; Introduction to Part II; 3. Explanation in Morphophonemics: Changes in Provençal and Spanish Preterite Forms; 4. On Lexical and Morphological Conditioning of Alternations: A Nonce-Probe Experiment with Spanish Verbs; 5. Rules and Schemas in the Development and Use of the English Past Tense; 6. Morphological Classes as Natural Categories

7. Are Stem Changes as Natural as Affixes?8. Regular Morphology and the Lexicon; Part III: Phonetic Change: Frequency in Context; Introduction to Part III; 9. The Phonology of the Lexicon: Evidence from Lexical Diffusion; 10. Lexicalization of Sound Change and Alternating Environments; 11. Word Frequency and Context of Use in the Lexical Diffusion of Phonetically Conditioned Sound Change; Part IV: Frequency Effects in Mophosyntax; Introduction to Part IV; 12. Three Frequency



Effects in Syntax; 13. The Emergent Lexicon

14. The Effect of Usage on Degrees of Constituency: The Reduction of Don't in English15. Sequentiality as the Basis of Constituent Structure; 16. Mechanisms of Change in Grammaticization: The Role of Frequency; Index; A; B; C; D; E; F; G; H; I; J; K; L; M; N; O; P; R; S; T; U; V; W; Z

Sommario/riassunto

The volume collects three decades of articles by the distinguished linguist Joan Bybee. Her articles essentially argue for the importance of frequency of use as a factor in the analysis and explanation of language structure. Her work has been very influential for a broad range of researchers in linguistics, particularly in discourse analysis, corpus linguistics, phonology, phonetics and historical linguistics.

2.

Record Nr.

UNINA9910455914603321

Titolo

The ambiguity of teaching to the test [[electronic resource] ] : standards, assessment, and educational reform / / edited by William A. Firestone, Lora Frances Monfils, Roberta Y. Schorr

Pubbl/distr/stampa

Mahwah, NJ, : L. Erlbaum Associates Publishers, 2004

ISBN

1-135-62421-6

1-282-32092-0

9786612320927

1-4106-0994-4

Descrizione fisica

1 online resource (260 p.)

Altri autori (Persone)

FirestoneWilliam A

MonfilsLora Frances

SchorrRoberta Y

Disciplina

371.26/4

Soggetti

Educational tests and measurements - United States

Education - Standards - United States

Mathematics

Science

Electronic books.

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Note generali

Description based upon print version of record.



Nota di bibliografia

Includes bibliographical references (p. 221-232) and indexes.

Nota di contenuto

Book Cover; Title; Copyright; Contents; Preface; 1 Introduction; 2 Teaching Mathematics and Science; 3 Teaching to the Test; 4 Pressure and Support; 5 The Principal, Test Preparation, and Educational Reform; 6 The District and Test Preparation; 7 Test Scores and Equity; 8 Conclusion; Appendix A: Methods; Appendix B: Teacher Questionnaire; Appendix C: Principal Interview Guide; Appendix D: Teacher Interview Guide; Appendix E: Interview Coding Scheme; Appendix F: List of Codes for Classroom Observation Data; References; Author Index; Subject Index

Sommario/riassunto

Testing is one of the most controversial of all state and federal educational policies. The effects of testing are quite ambiguous. The same test may lead to different consequences in different circumstances, and teachers may use very different strategies to prepare students for tests. Although most experts agree that mandatory testing leads to teaching to the test, they disagree about whether it leads to meaningless drill, wasted time, de-professionalizing teachers, and demotivating students, or to more challenging and thoughtful curricula, more engaging teaching, increased student mot