A conceptual guide to thermodynamics / / Bill Poirier

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910464744003321
• Autore: Poirier Bill
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Chichester, England : , : Wiley, , 2014; ©2014
• ISBN: 1-118-84048-8; 1-118-84049-6
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (187 p.)
• Disciplina: 536/.7
• Soggetti: Thermodynamics; Electronic books.
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Includes index.
• Nota di contenuto: A Conceptual Guide to Thermodynamics; Contents; Preface; Acknowledgments; Textbook Guide; 0.1 List of Thermodynamics Textbooks by Discipline; Thermodynamics Textbooks; 0.2 Terminology and Notation Used in This Book; Terminology and Notation; 0.3 Terminology and Notation Used in Textbooks; Terminology and Notation Key; 1 About This Book; 1.1 Who Should Use This Book?; 1.2 Philosophy of This Book; 1.3 Four Core Concepts of Thermodynamics; 1.4 How to Use This Book; Part I Equilibrium; 2 Philosophy of Thermodynamics; 2.1 Thermodynamics; 2.2 Scientific Models & Laws; 2.3 Statistical Mechanics; 3 Thermodynamic States, Variables & Quantities3.1 Thermodynamic Variables & Quantities; 3.2 More on Thermodynamic Quantities; 3.3 Thermodynamic & Molecular States; 4 Zeroth Law & Thermodynamic Equilibrium; 4.1 Equation of State; 4.2 Thermodynamic Equilibrium; 4.3 Zeroth Law; 4.4 Ideal Gases & Non-ideal Systems; Part II Energy; 5 Molecular Energy, Internal Energy, & Temperature; 5.1 Energy at the Molecular Scale; 5.2 Internal Energy; 5.3 Intermolecular Interactions & the Kinetic Model; 5.4 Equipartition Theorem & Temperature; 6 Boltzmann Distribution & the Kinetic Model; 6.1 Boltzmann Distribution6.2 Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution; 6.3 Maxwell Distribution of Speeds; Part III Thermodynamic Change; 7 First ; Law & Thermodynamic Change; 7.1 System & Surroundings; 7.2 Thermodynamic Change; 7.3 First Law; 8 Work, Heat, & Reversible Change; 8.1 State Functions & Path Functions; 8.2 Definition of Work; 8.3 Definition of Heat; 8.4 Reversible & Irreversible Change; 8.5 A Gas Expansion Example; 9 Partial Derivative Quantities; 9.1 Internal Energy & Heat Capacity at Constant Volume; 9.2 Enthalpy & Heat Capacity at Constant Pressure; 9.3 Other Partial Derivative Quantities9.4 Partial Derivatives & Differentials; Part IV Entropy; 10 Entropy & Information Theory; 10.1 Why Does Entropy Seem So Complicated?; 10.2 Entropy as Unknown Molecular Information; 10.3 Amount of Information; 10.4 Application to Thermodynamics; 11 Entropy & Ideal Gas; 11.1 Measuring Our Molecular Ignorance; 11.2 Volume Contribution to Entropy; 11.3 Temperature Contribution to Entropy; 11.4 Combined Entropy Expression; 11.5 Entropy, Heat, & Reversible Adiabatic Expansion; 12 Second Law & Spontaneous Irreversible Change; 12.1 Heat Engines & Thermodynamic Cycles12.2 Traditional Statements of the Second Law; 12.3 Entropy Statement of the Second Law; 12.4 Information Statement of the Second Law; 12.5 Maximum Entropy & the Clausius Inequality; 13 Third Law, Carnot Cycle, & Absolute Entropy; 13.1 Entropy & Reversible Change; 13.2 Carnot Cycle & Absolute Zero Temperature; 13.3 Third Law & Absolute Entropy; Part V Free Energy; 14 Free Energy & Exergy; 14.1 What Would Happen If Entropy Were a Variable?; 14.2 Helmholtz and Gibbs Free Energies; 14.3 Second Law & Maximum Work; 14.4 Exergy; 15 Chemical Potential, Fugacity, & Open Systems
• Sommario/riassunto: Thermodynamics is the science that describes the behavior of matter at the macroscopic scale, and how this arises from individual molecules. As such, it is a subject of profound practical and fundamental importance to many science and engineering fields. Despite extremely varied applications ranging from nanomotors to cosmology, the core concepts of thermodynamics such as equilibrium and entropy are the same across all disciplines. A Conceptual Guide to Thermodynamics serves as a concise, conceptual and practical supplement to the major thermodynamics textbooks used in various

Flora and vegetation of the Pantanal wetland / / edited by Geraldo Alves Damasceno-Junior, Arnildo Pott

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910555101903321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Cham, Switzerland : , : Springer, , [2021]; ©2021
• ISBN: 3-030-83375-5
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (811 pages)
• Collana: Plant and Vegetation ; ; v.18
• Disciplina: 580.98171
• Soggetti: Plants; Flora; Ecologia de les zones humides; Llibres electrònics
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Chapter 1: General Features of the Pantanal Wetland -- 1.1 General Information on the Pantanal and Book Contents -- References -- Chapter 2: Classification and Mapping of the Vegetation of the Brazilian Pantanal -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Main Vegetation Types -- 2.2.1 Forest Formations -- 2.2.2 Arboreal Cerrado -- 2.2.3 Herbaceous Cerrado -- 2.2.4 Chaco -- 2.2.5 Monodominant Formations -- 2.2.6 Vegetational Mixtures -- 2.2.7 Anthropic Areas -- References -- Chapter 3: Flora of the Pantanal -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Results -- References -- Chapter 4: Aquatic Plants -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Taxonomy -- 4.3 Flora of Aquatic Plants -- 4.4 Phytogeography -- 4.5 Ecology -- 4.6 Aquatic Weeds -- 4.7 Aquatic Habitats -- 4.8 Life Forms -- 4.9 Effects of Fire -- 4.10 Dispersal -- 4.11 Biology -- 4.12 Collecting Aquatic Plants for the Herbarium -- 4.13 Current and Potential Uses -- 4.14 Impacts and Conservation Status -- 4.15 Resilience -- 4.16 Final Remarks -- References -- Chapter 5: Leguminosae in the Pantanal -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Databank on Leguminosae in the Pantanal: Procurement, Standardization, and Analyses -- 5.3 Richness and Taxonomic Distinctness -- 5.4 ; Knowledge Gaps and Perspectives for Studies on Leguminosae in the Pantanal -- 5.5 Final Considerations -- References -- Chapter 6: Lichenized Ascomycota from the Pantanal in Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Taxa Previously Reported from the Pantanal -- 6.3 Species Diversity and Taxonomic Treatment -- 6.4 Identification Keys -- 6.5 Identification Key to the Groups of Lichens Found in the Pantanal -- 6.6 Key A - Cyanolichens -- 6.7 Key B - Microlichens -- 6.8 Key C - Foliose Caliciaceae and Physciaceae -- 6.9 Key D - Parmeliaceae -- 6.10 Comments on the Species Treated in This Chapter -- References.; Chapter 7: Hydrology and Vegetation Base for Classification of Macrohabitats of the Brazilian Pantanal for Policy-Making and Management -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 The Position of the Pantanal Macrohabitat Classification Within the Brazilian Wetland Classification System: A Summary -- 7.3 General Description of the Pantanal's Subclasses and Macrohabitats -- 7.3.1 Functional Unit 1: Permanently Aquatic Areas -- 7.3.1.1 Subclass 1.1: River Channels -- 7.3.1.2 Subclass 1.2: Lakes (Lagoas, Lagos, and Baías) -- 7.3.2 Functional Unit 2: Predominantly Aquatic Areas (ATTZ with a Predominant Aquatic Phase) -- 7.3.2.1 Subclass 2.1: Areas with Periodically Flowing Water (Small Water-Distribution Channels Inside the Floodplain) -- 7.3.2.2 Subclass 2.2: Areas Periodically Covered by Standing Water -- 7.3.3 Functional Unit 3: Predominantly Terrestrial Areas (ATTZ with a Predominant Terrestrial Phase) -- 7.3.3.1 Subclass 3.1: Areas Without or With Sparse Vegetation Cover -- 7.3.3.2 Subclass 3.2: Areas Covered with Grasses and Herbaceous Plants (Campo Limpo Natural) -- 7.3.3.3 Subclass 3.3: Areas Covered by Herbaceous Plants, Shrubs, and Small Groups of Trees -- 7.3.3.4 Subclass 3.4: Areas Covered by Shrublands -- 7.3.3.5 Subclass 3.5: Areas Covered by Polyspecific Forests -- 7.3.3.6 Subclass 3.6: Areas Covered by Monodominant Stands -- 7.3.4 Functional unit 4: Swampy Areas (Permanently Waterlogged or Shallowly Flooded) -- 7.3.4.1 Subclass 4.1: Swamps Covered by Herbaceous Plants (brejos) -- 7.3.4.2 Subclass 4.2: Swamps Covered by Herbaceous Plants and Palms -- 7.3.5 Functional Unit 5: Permanently Terrestrial Areas -- 7.3.5.1 Subclass 5.1: Paleo-Deltas, Alluvial Terraces, and Paleo-Levees (Capões, Cordilheiras) -- 7.3.5.2 Subclass 5.2: Inselbergs (Morros) -- 7.3.6 Functional Unit 6: Anthropogenic Areas -- 7.3.6.1 Subclass 6.1: Paleo-Anthropic Areas.; 7.3.6.2 Subclass 6.2: Areas of Recent Anthropic Activities -- 7.4 Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- Chapter 8: Monodominant Stands in the Pantanal -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Monodominant Trees and Shrubs -- 8.2.1 Tabebuia aurea (Silva Manso) Benth. &amp -- Hook.f. ex S.Moore (Bignoniaceae) - "Paratudo" -- 8.2.2 Byrsonima cydoniifolia A. Juss. (Malpighiaceae) - "Canjiqueira" -- 8.2.3 Erythrina fusca Lour. (Fabaceae) - "Abobreiro" -- 8.2.4 Leptobalanus parvifolius (Huber) Sothers &amp -- Prance (Chrysobalanaceae) - "Pimenteira" -- 8.2.5 Couepia uiti (Mart. &amp -- Zucc.) Benth. ex Hook.f. (Chrysobalanaceae) - "Pateiro" -- 8.2.6 Vochysia divergens Pohl (Vochysiaceae) - "Cambará" -- 8.2.7 Curatella americana L. (Dilleniaceae) - "Lixeira" -- 8.2.8 Handroanthus heptaphyllus (Vell.) Mattos (Bignoniaceae) - "Piúva" -- 8.2.9 Inga vera Willd. (Fabaceae) - "Ingá" -- 8.3 Monodominant Tree Palms -- 8.3.1 Copernicia alba Morong (Arecaceae) - "Carandá" -- 8.3.2 Mauritia flexuosa L.f. (Arecaceae) - "Buriti" -- 8.3.3 Attalea phalerata Mart. ex Spreng. (Arecaceae) - "Acuri" -- 8.3.4 Attalea speciosa Mart. ex Spreng. (Arecaceae) - "Babaçu" -- 8.4 Herbaceous Monodominant Formations -- 8.4.1 Cyperus giganteus Vahl (Cyperaceae) - "Piripiri or Piri" -- 8.4.2 ; Oryza spp. (Poaceae) - "Arroz" -- 8.4.3 Elionurus muticus (Spreng.) Kuntze (Poaceae) - "Capim-Carona" -- 8.4.4 Andropogon hypogynus Hack. (Poaceae) - "Capim-Vermelho" -- 8.4.5 Andropogon bicornis L. (Poaceae) - "Capim Rabo-de-Burro" -- 8.4.6 Paspalum lineare Trin./Paspalum carinatum Humb. &amp -- Bonpl. ex Flüggé (Poaceae) - "Fura-Bucho" -- 8.4.7 Paspalum wrightii Hitchc. and Chase (Poaceae) - "Capim Macega-Branca" -- 8.4.8 Eichhornia spp./Pontederia spp. (Pontederiaceae) - "Camalote/Aguapé" -- 8.4.9 Typha domingensis Pers. (Typhaceae) - "Taboa" -- 8.4.10 Thalia geniculata L. (Marantaceae) - "Caeté".; 8.4.11 Aspilia latissima Malme (Asteraceae) - "Mirassol," "Malmequer" -- 8.4.12 Heliconia marginata (Griggs) Pittier (Heliconiaceae) - "Pacova" -- 8.5 Possibilities of Economical Use -- 8.6 Future Studies on Monodominant Stands in the Pantanal -- References -- Chapter 9: Composition and Distribution of Woody and Palm Vegetation in the Pantanal Wetland -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Methods -- 9.3 Results and Discussion -- 9.3.1 Altitude -- 9.3.2 Soil -- 9.4 Main Woody and Palm Vegetation Types in the Wetland and Upland Influences -- 9.5 Habitat Generalists: Species with Higher Frequencies in the Floodplain and with Wide Geographic Distributions -- 9.6 Habitat Specialists: Species with Limited Distributions in the Pantanal or That Are Restricted to Its Border -- References -- Chapter 10: Natural Pastures of the Pantanal: Diversity, Productive Potential and Dynamics -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Diversity of Native Pastures and Ecological Sites -- 10.3 Productive Potential and Carrying Capacity of the Native Pastures -- 10.4 Dynamics and Adaptative Management of the Native Pastures - A Multifunctional System -- References -- Chapter 11: Woody Encroachment and Its Control in Periodically Flooded Grasslands of the Pantanal, a Large Brazilian Wetland -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Pantanal Grassland Macrohabitats Under Woody Encroachment -- 11.2.1 Shortgrass-Floodplain Community (Campo de Mimosinho, Sensu Schessl 1999 and Nunes da Cunha and Junk 2015) -- 11.2.2 Small Tussock Grassland (Campos de Murundus, Sensu Schessl 1999, Nunes da Cunha and Junk 2015) -- 11.2.3 Tall Tussock Grasslands (Campos de Rabo de Burro, Sensu Schessl 1999, Nunes da Cunha and Junk 2015) -- 11.3 Encroaching Woody Species in the Pantanal -- 11.3.1 Byrsonima cydoniifolia A. Juss. (Malpighiaceae) -- 11.3.2 Combretum lanceolatum Pohl ex Eichler and C. laxum Jacq. (Combretaceae).; 11.3.3 Curatella americana L. (Dilleniaceae) -- 11.3.4 Vochysia divergens Pohl (Vochysiaceae) -- 11.4 The Colonization of Grassland Macrohabitats by Encroaching Woody Plants -- 11.4.1 General Considerations -- 11.4.2 The Colonization of Campo de Mimosinho by Combretum laxum -- 11.5 Woody Encroachment and Fauna -- 11.6 Control of Woody Encroachment: Vegetation States, Costs, History, Legal Aspects, and Current Perspectives -- 11.7 Discussion -- References -- Chapter 12: Paleovegetation Inferences and Landscape Evolution in the Pantanal Basin -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Pollen Records in the Pantanal -- 12.2.1 Pantanal Vegetation Types and Pollen Rain -- 12.2.2 Lake Gaiva (17°45′S, 57°35′W) -- 12.2.3 Lagoa Negra (Black Lake) (19°04′S, 57°31′W) -- 12.2.4 Porto Jofre (17°19′ S, 56°48′ W) -- 12.2.5 Salinas of Nhecolândia (18°59′ S, 56°39′ W) -- 12.3 Discussion -- 12.3.1 Potential and Obstacles of Pollen Studies in the Pantanal Basin -- 12.3.2 Late-Glacial Vegetation -- 12.3.3 Holocene Vegetation -- 12.3.4 Final Considerations and Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 13: Synthesis of the Present Knowledge on Plant Phenology of the Pantanal -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Methods -- 13.3 Results and Discussion -- References -- Chapter 14: Temporal Patterns of Pollination and Seed Dispersal in Capões ; of the Southern Pantanal -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Methods -- 14.2.1 Study Site -- 14.2.2 Reproductive Phenology -- 14.2.3 Pollination and Seed Dispersal Syndromes -- 14.3 Results -- 14.4 Discussion -- References -- Chapter 15: Soil Seed Banks in the Pantanal Wetland -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Soil Seed Bank Studies in the Pantanal -- 15.3 Synthesis of Soil Seed Bank Studies in the Pantanal -- 15.4 Effects of Flood and Fire -- 15.5 Dispersal -- 15.6 Research Needs -- 15.7 Conclusions -- References.; Chapter 16: Plant Morphoanatomical Adaptations to Environmental Conditions of the Pantanal Wetland.

Hannibal journal

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910131145803321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Hannibal, Mo. : , : O. Clemens
• ISSN: 2326-8522
• Altri autori (Persone): ClemensOrion <1825-1897.>
• Disciplina: 071
• Soggetti: Newspapers.; Hannibal (Mo.) Newspapers; Marion County (Mo.) Newspapers; Missouri Hannibal; Missouri Marion County
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Periodico