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Record Nr. |
UNINA9910464004203321 |
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Autore |
Vladkova Hollar Ivanna |
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Titolo |
Fiscal positions in Latin America : have they really improved? / / Ivanna Vladkova-Hollar and Jeromin Zettelmeyer |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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[Washington, District of Columbia] : , : International Monetary Fund, , 2008 |
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©2008 |
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ISBN |
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1-4623-6387-3 |
1-4519-8628-9 |
1-4518-6996-7 |
9786612840890 |
1-282-84089-4 |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (32 p.) |
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Collana |
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Altri autori (Persone) |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Revenue - Latin America |
Business cycles - Latin America |
Fiscal policy - Latin America |
Electronic books. |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Description based upon print version of record. |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Contents; I. Introduction; Tables; 1. Latin America: Fiscal Developments; II. Methodology; A. Noncommodity Structural Revenue; B. Commodity Structural Revenue; C. Structural Balances; III. Results; A. Parameter Estimates and Statistical Tests; 2. Long-Run Income Elasticity of Central Government Tax Revenues; B. Structural Noncommodity Revenues; Figures; 1. Actual and Structural Noncommodity Revenues; C. Structural Commodity Revenues; D. Structural Primary Balances; 2. Actual and Structural Commodity Revenues; 3. Actual and Estimated Structural Primary Balances; IV. Conclusion; References |
Appendices1. Revenue Data and Changes in Tax Structure; 2. Output Gap Estimates; Appendix Tables; A1. LAC Countries: Filter-Based Output Gap Estimates for 2007; 3. Commodity Price Indices and Projections; A2. Commodity Export Shares; A3. Commodity Price Indices and Medium Term Projections |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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Fiscal performance in Latin America looks much improved this decade compared to the 1980's or 1990's. Is this a ""structural"" improvement or likely to be transitory? This paper answers this question by estimating the relationship between non-commodity revenue and the economic cycle, and evaluating commodity revenues using alternative medium term commodity price projections. The main result is that structural revenues have indeed improved as a share of GDP, and structural primary balances are currently in surplus in many Latin American countries. However, the magnitude of these improvements |
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2. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910808538103321 |
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Autore |
Tomlinson Carol A |
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Titolo |
Assessment and student success in a differentiated classroom / / Carol Ann Tomlinson and Tonya R. Moon |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Alexandria, Virginia : , : ASCD, , 2013 |
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ISBN |
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1-4166-1774-4 |
1-4166-1773-6 |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (xiii, 157 pages) : illustrations |
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Collana |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Individualized instruction - United States |
Educational tests and measurements |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Description based upon print version of record. |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references and index. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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1. Differentiation: An Overview -- 2. Assessment and Differentiation: A Framework for Understanding -- 3. Pre-assessment: Knowing Where Students Are as a Unit Begins -- 4. Ongoing Assessment: Knowing Where Students Are as a Unit Evolves -- 5. Summative Assessment: Measuring Student Learning at Key Points in a Unit -- 6. Assessment, Grading, and Differentiation -- 7. A Look Back and Ahead. |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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A dynamic look at assessment and grading through the lens of differentiated instruction. |
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