Control and surveillance of human African trypanosomiasis : report of a WHO Expert Committee / / World Health Organization

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910463910003321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Geneva, Switzerland : , : World Health Organization, , [2013]; ©2013
• ISBN: 92-4-069172-3
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (249 p.)
• Collana: WHO technical report series, , 0512-3054 ; ; 984
• Disciplina: 614.5; 614.533
• Soggetti: Trypanosomiasis - Africa; Electronic books.
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: "This report contains the collective views of an international group of experts and does not necessarily represent the decision or the stated policy of the World Health Organization"--T.p.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references.
• Nota di contenuto: Cover; Contents; Abbreviations and acronyms; WHO Expert Committee on control and surveillance of human African trypanosomiasis; 1. Introduction; 2. Epidemiology of human African trypanosomiasis; 2.1 Two diseases, two parasites, two epidemiological patterns; 2.2 Transmission cycle; 2.2.1 Gambiense human African trypanosomiasis; 2.2.2 Rhodesiense human African trypanosomiasis; 2.3 Reservoirs of infection; 2.3.1 Gambiense human African trypanosomiasis; 2.3.2 Rhodesiense human African trypanosomiasis; 2.4 Risk factors for infection; 2.4.1 Gambiense human African trypanosomiasis; 2.4.2 Rhodesiense human African trypanosomiasis2.5 Trends in numbers of cases reported; 2.5.1 Gambiense human African trypanosomiasis; 2.5.2 Rhodesiense human African trypanosomiasis; 2.6 Geographical distribution and population at risk; 2.7 Global environmental change; 2.8 References; 3. The parasite; 3.1 Taxonomy of human infectious African trypanosomes; 3.2 Morphology and cell structure; 3.3 Life-cycle; 3.4 The Trypanosoma brucei genome; 3.5 Immune evasion; 3.6 Biochemistry and modes of drug action; 3.7 Drug resistance; 3.8 References; 4. The vector; 4.1 Classification; 4.1.1 Subgenus Nemorhina4.1.2 Subgenus Glossina s. str.; 4.1.3 ; Subgenus Austenina; 4.2 Reproductive system; 4.3 Reproduction; 4.4 Lifespan and population dynamics; 4.5 Diet; 4.6 Geographical distribution of the main vector species; 4.6.1 Vector species of the Nemorhina subgenus; 4.6.2 Vector species of the Glossina s. str. subgenus; 4.6.3 Vector species of the Austenina subgenus; 4.7 Tsetse flies in their natural environment; 4.7.1 Main habitats; 4.7.2 Movements; 4.7.3 Looking for hosts; 4.7.4 Feeding preferences; 4.7.5 Activity cycles; 4.7.6 Dispersal; 4.7.7 Resting places; 4.8 Population genetics and geometric morphometrics4.9 Genomics of tsetse flies; 4.10 Tsetse flies as cyclical vectors; 4.11 Vector control strategies; 4.11.1 Control; 4.11.2 Eradication; 4.11.3 Preliminary surveys; 4.12 Tsetse fly control methods; 4.12.1 Bush clearing; 4.12.2 Elimination of wild animal hosts; 4.12.3 Biological control of tsetse flies; 4.12.4 Autonomous control of tsetse flies; 4.12.5 Indigenous tsetse fly control practices; 4.12.6 Ground and aerial insecticide spraying; 4.12.7 Protecting zero grazing units by insecticide-impregnated netting; 4.12.8 Bait methods; 4.12.9 Olfactory baits (attractants) for tsetse flies4.12.10 Live baits; 4.12.11 Sterile insect technique; 4.13 New developments and outlook; 4.14 References; 5. The disease; 5.1 Gambiense human African trypanosomiasis: clinical signs and symptoms; 5.1.1 Lymphadenopathy; 5.1.2 Fever; 5.1.3 Headache; 5.1.4 Pruritus; 5.1.5 Musculoskeletal pain, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly; 5.1.6 Cardiac involvement; 5.1.7 Gastrointestinal symptoms; 5.1.8 Oedema; 5.1.9 Sleep disorder; 5.1.10 Neuropsychiatric symptoms and signs; 5.1.11 Endocrine disorders; 5.2 Rhodesiense human African trypanosomiasis: clinical signs and symptoms
• Sommario/riassunto: This report provides information about new diagnostic approaches new therapeutic regimens and better understanding of the distribution of the disease with high-quality mapping. The roles of human and animal reservoirs and the tsetse fly vectors that transmit the parasites are emphasized. The new information has formed the basis for an integrated strategy with which it is hoped that elimination of HAT will be achieved. The report also contains recommendations on the approaches that will lead to elimination of the disease.Human African Tryponosomiasis (HAT) is a disease that afflicts populations