1.

Record Nr.

UNINA9910463715403321

Autore

Sriram Subramanian S

Titolo

The Gambia [[electronic resource] ] : demand for broad money and implications for monetary policy conduct / / prepared by Subramanian S. Sriram

Pubbl/distr/stampa

[Washington. D.C.], : International Monetary Fund, African Dept., 2009

ISBN

1-4623-5475-0

1-4527-7528-1

9786612844010

1-4518-7339-5

1-282-84401-6

Descrizione fisica

1 online resource (43 p.)

Collana

IMF working paper ; ; WP/09/192

Disciplina

336.54

Soggetti

Money supply - Gambia

Monetary policy - Gambia

Inflation (Finance) - Gambia

Electronic books.

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Note generali

"September 2009".

Nota di contenuto

Contents; I. Introduction; II. Country Characteristics, Macroeconomic Performance, and Financial Sector Development; A. Country Characteristics; B. Macroeconomic Performance; Figures; 1. Real GDP Growth, 1988-2007; 2. Average Inflation, 1988-2007; C. Financial Sector Development; 3. Exchange Rate Developments, 1988-2007; 4. Real Lending Rates and Interest Rate Spreads, 1988-2007; 5. Measures of Financial Deepening, 1988-2007; III. Present Monetary Policy Framework; 6. Reserve Requirements, 2001-07; 7. Rediscount Rate, 2001-07; IV. Model Specification; A. General Framework

B. Model Specification for Long-Run Demand for Real M2 in The GambiaFunctional relationship; Justification on selection of variables; Expected signs of coefficients; V. Estimation of Long-Run Demand for Real M2; A. Unit Root Tests; B. Cointegration Tests; Text Tables; 1. Unit Root Test Results; 2. Cointegration and Weak-Exogeneity Test Results; VI. Policy Implicatoins; 8. Money Multiplier, January 1988-June 2007; 9.



Growth in Broad Money and Inflation, January 1988-June 2007; 3. De Jure Monetary Policy Frameworks in Sub-Saharan Africa; VII. Conclusions; References; Appendices

1. Financial Sector Developments, 1985-June 20072. Reserve Requirements in Various Countries, 2008; 3. Data Specifications and Data Sources; 4. Graphical Representation of Various Variables Employed; 5. Diagnostic Test Results for the Cointegration Relationship; 6 Graphical Presentation of Diagnostic Test Results; 7. Parameter Constancy Tests; 8. Chow Tests

Sommario/riassunto

This paper evaluates the demand for broad money (M2) in The Gambia for January 1988-June 2007. There appears to be a long-run relationship for demand for real M2, but the relationship is not stable. Exogenous output shocks, financial innovation, changes in income velocity, and inadequate data quality contribute to the instability. The authorities may need to apply the monetary targeting regime flexibly in the overall objective of preserving price stability. A possible option for The Gambia is to become an inflation targeter lite.

2.

Record Nr.

UNINA9910154734303321

Autore

Barbier Frédéric

Titolo

Gutenberg's Europe : the book and the invention of Western modernity / / Frederic Barbier ; translated by Jean Birrell

Pubbl/distr/stampa

Chicester, West Sussex, England : , : Polity Press, , 2017

©2017

ISBN

9781509509911

1-5095-0993-3

Descrizione fisica

1 online resource (289 pages)

Classificazione

HIS054000

Disciplina

686.1092

Soggetti

Printing - History - Origin and antecedents

Books - History

Europe Civilization

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Note generali

Includes index.

Nota di bibliografia

Includes bibliographical references and index.



Nota di contenuto

Machine generated contents note: Part one. Gutenberg before Gutenberg -- Chapter 1. The preconditions for a new economy of the media -- The key space of modernity: the town -- The market in education -- The emergence of the political -- Chapter 2. The economy of the book -- Manuscript production -- Change: the objects and practices -- Chapter 3. The birth of the market -- The market and its regulation -- The religious paradigm, or, The emergence of the masses -- Writing: work and the professions -- Part 2. The age of start-ups -- Chapter 4. The development and logics of innovation -- Paper and papermaking -- Xylography -- Punches, forms and moulds -- Chapter 5.  Gutenberg and the invention of printing -- Historical portrait of a city -- Strasbourg -- The return to Mainz -- Chapter 6. Innovation -- Techniques: innovation in processes -- Practices -- The society of the workshops -- The invention of the graphosphere -- Part three. The first media revolution -- Chapter 7. Printing conquers the world -- The spread of the innovation -- Ranking the cities -- Conjunctures and specializations: the market and innovation -- Chapter 8. The nature of text -- The book system -- The meaning of the text -- The 'book-machine' -- Chapter 9. The media explosion -- A new paradigm: production and reproduction -- The Reformation and printing -- Regulation: imposing order on books -- Printing and governments -- Conclusion -- Chronologies -- Semiology and virtuality -- Gutenberg's Europe -- Notes -- Abbreviations -- Index.

Sommario/riassunto

"Major transformations in society are always accompanied by parallel transformations in systems of social communication--what we call the media. In this book, historian Frédéric Barbier provides an important new economic, political and social analysis of the first great 'media revolution' in the West: Gutenberg's invention of the printing press in the mid fifteenth century. In great detail and with a wealth of historical evidence, Barbier charts the developments in manuscript culture in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, and shows how the steadily increasing need for written documents initiated the processes of change which culminated with Gutenberg. The fifteenth century is presented as the 'age of start-ups' when investment and research into technologies that were new at the time, including the printing press, flourished.  Tracing the developments through the sixteenth century, Barbier analyses the principal features of this first media revolution: the growth of technology, the organization of the modern literary sector, the development of surveillance and censorship and the invention of the process of 'mediatization'. He offers a rich variety of examples from cities all over Europe, as well as looking at the evolution of print media in China and Korea.  This insightful re-interpretation of the Gutenberg revolution also looks beyond the specific historical context to draw connections between the advent of print in the Rhine Valley ('paper valley') and our own modern digital revolution. It will be of great interest to students and scholars of early modern history, of literature and the media, and will appeal to anyone interested in what remains one of the greatest cultural revolutions of all time"-- .