The Columbia Guide to American Environmental History [[electronic resource]]

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910462122003321
• Autore: Merchant Carolyn
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: New York, : Columbia University Press, 2012
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (469 p.)
• Collana: Columbia Guides to American History and Cultures
• Disciplina: 304.2; 333.70973
• Soggetti: Human ecology -- United States -- History; Nature -- Effect of human beings on -- United States -- History; United States -- Environmental conditions; Electronic books.
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di contenuto: Contents; Acknowledgments; Introduction; Part I HISTORICAL OVERVIEW: TOPICS AND THEMES; 1. The American Environment and Native-European Encounters, 1000-1875; The Physical Environment and Natural Resources; Native Americans and the Land; Pueblo Indians and the Southwest; The Pueblo Indians and Spanish Settlement of the Southwest; Micmac Indians and French Settlement in the Northeast; Plains Indians and the Westward Movement; The European Transformation of the Plains; The Ecological Indian; Conclusion; 2. The New England Wilderness Transformed, 1600-1850; The New England Forest and Indian Land UseThe Settlement of New England; Colonial Land Use; Marketing the Forest; The Forest Economy; Mind, Labor, and Nature; The Idea of Wilderness; Conclusion; 3. The Tobacco and Cotton South, 1600-1900; The Chesapeake Environment and Indian-European Relations; Tobacco Cultivation; Slavery and Southern Agriculture; Soil Exhaustion in the Tobacco South; The Cotton South; Environment and Society in the Cotton South; Cotton Production; Post-Civil War Sharecropping; The Impact of the Boll Weevil; Conclusion; 4. Nature and the Market Economy, 1750-1850; The Inland Economy and the EnvironmentLand Use in the Inland ; Economy; The Inland Economy and the Worldview of Its People; Market Farming; The Transportation and Market Revolutions; Nature and Ambivalence About the Market Economy; The Hudson River School of Painters; Artists and the Vanishing Indian; Conclusion; 5. Western Frontiers: The Settlement of California and the Great Plaines, 1820-1930; Westward Expansion and the Settlement of California; California Native Peoples and the Advent of Europeans; The Multicultural Character of the Gold Rush; Types of Gold Mining; Environmental Effects of Hydraulic MiningEnvironmental Change in the Sierras; European Settlement of the Great Plains; The Rancher's Frontier; The Farmer's Frontier; Narratives of Blacks and Women; The Dust Bowl of the 1930s; Conclusion; 6. Urban Environments, 1850-1960; Urbanization, Industry, and Energy; Industrial Cities and Labor; The City as Wilderness; Air Pollution; Garbage; Noise Pollution; Water Pollution; The Sanitary City; From City to Suburb; Minorities and Pollution; Conclusion; 7. Conservation and Preservation, 1785-1950; Colonial Land Policy; Federal Land Policy; Land Law in the Arid WestLands for Railroads and Education; The Conservation Movement; Reclamation and Water Law; The Preservation Movement; Creation of the National Parks; Conclusion; 8. Indian Land Policy, 1800-1990; Indian Land Treaties; Indian Removal; The Dawes Act; Indians and the Creation of the National Parks; The Winters Decision; The Indian New Deal and Civil Rights; Indian Lands and Environmental Regulation; Conclusion; 9. The Rise of Ecology, 1890-1990; Ernst Haeckel and the Origins of Ecology; Human Ecology; The Organismic Approach to Ecology; The Economic Approach to Ecology; The Influence of Chaos Theory
• Sommario/riassunto: How and why have Americans living at particular times and places used and transformed their environment? How have political systems dealt with conflicts over resources and conservation? This is the only major reference work to explore all the major themes and debates of the burgeoning field of environmental history. Humanity ́s relationship with the natural world is one of the oldest and newest topics in human history. The issue emerged as a distinct field of scholarship in the early 1970s and has been growing steadily ever since. The discipline ́s territory and sources are rich and varied

Data Technology in Materials Modelling

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910473457303321
• Autore: Horsch Martin Thomas
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Springer Nature, 2021; Cham : , : Springer International Publishing AG, , 2021; ©2021
• ISBN: 3-030-68597-7
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (101 pages)
• Collana: SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology
• Classificazione: COM018000TEC021000
• Altri autori (Persone): ChiacchieraSilvia; CavalcantiWelchy Leite; SchemberaBjö
• Soggetti: Materials science; Public administration
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Digitalization and Data Management -- 1.2 Semantic Interoperability -- 1.3 Semantic Assets and Metadata Categories -- 1.4 Perspective and Outline of the Book -- References -- 2 Research Data Infrastructures and Engineering Metadata -- 2.1 Engineering Metadata -- 2.1.1 How to Engineer Metadata -- 2.1.2 Metadata for Engineering: The EngMeta Metadata Scheme -- 2.2 Research Data Infrastructures -- 2.2.1 Requirements and Functions -- 2.2.2 Architectures -- 2.2.3 Examples of Research Data Infrastructures in Materials Modelling -- References -- 3 Marketplace-Level Domain Ontologies -- 3.1 Ontologies and Formal Notation -- 3.2 European Virtual Marketplace Framework -- 3.3 Modelling, Simulation and Computational Resources -- 3.4 Engineering Applications and Validation -- 3.5 Training and Communication -- References -- 4 Semantic Technology for Simulations and Molecular Particle-Based Methods -- 4.1 Brief Overview of Ontologies for Modelling and Simulation -- 4.1.1 Examples of Applications -- 4.2 Other Relevant Assets and Approaches -- 4.3 Software Capabilities -- 4.4 Variables and Functions -- 4.4.1 Simulation Variables vs Physical Properties -- 4.5 EngMeta and VIMMP ; Ontologies -- 4.6 Closing Thoughts -- References -- 5 Applications of the Metadata Standards -- 5.1 Representing Scenarios -- 5.2 Top-Level Ontology -- 5.3 Ontology Matching -- 5.4 VIMMP-EMMO Alignment -- 5.5 Documentation of Molecular Models -- References.
• Sommario/riassunto: This open access book discusses advances in semantic interoperability for materials modelling, aiming at integrating data obtained from different methods and sources into common frameworks, and facilitating the development of platforms where simulation services in computational molecular engineering can be provided as well as coupled and linked to each other in a standardized and reliable way. The Virtual Materials Marketplace (VIMMP), which is open to all service providers and clients, provides a framework for offering and accessing such services, assisting the uptake of novel modelling and simulation approaches by SMEs, consultants, and industrial R&D end users. Semantic assets presented include the EngMeta metadata schema for research data infrastructures in simulation-based engineering and the collection of ontologies from VIMMP, including the ontology for simulation, modelling, and optimization (OSMO) and the VIMMP software ontology (VISO).