Charles Dickens in context / / edited by Sally Ledger and Holly Furneaux [[electronic resource]]

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910461689003321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Cambridge : , : Cambridge University Press, , 2011
• ISBN: 1-107-21921-3; 1-139-06266-2; 1-280-77585-8; 1-139-07477-6; 9786613686244; 0-511-97549-X; 1-139-07930-1; 1-139-06900-4; 1-139-07702-3; 1-139-08158-6
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (xxi, 405 pages) : digital, PDF file(s)
• Collana: Literature in context
• Disciplina: 823/.8
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 05 Oct 2015).
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Part I : Life and after life. -- The life of Dickens 1 : before Ellen Ternan / John Bowen -- The life of Dickens 2 : after Ellen Ternan / John Bowen -- Dickens's lives / Michael Slater -- Victorian stage adaptations and novel appropriations / Anne Humpherys -- Reviewing Dickens in the Victorian periodical press / John Drew -- The European context / Michael Hollington -- Major twentieth-century critical responses / Toru Sasaki -- Modern stage adaptations / Tony Williams -- Modern screen adaptations / Toru Sasaki -- The heritage industry / Juliet John -- Neo-Victorian Dickens / Cora Kaplan -- Part II : Social and cultural contexts. -- Popular culture / Paul Schlicke -- The rise of celebrity culture / Joss Marsh -- The newspaper and periodical market / John Drew -- Authorship and the professional writer / Florian Schweizer -- The theatre / Marty Gould -- Melodrama / Juliet John -- The ; Bildungsroman / Florian Schweizer -- Visual culture / Kate Flint -- The historical novel / Ian Duncan -- The illustrated novel / Mary Elizabeth Leighton and Lisa Surridge -- Christmas / Sally Ledger -- Childhood / Holly Furneaux -- Work / Martin Danahay -- Europe / Ruth Livesey -- The Victorians and America / Ella Dzelzainis -- Educating the Victorians / Patrick Brantlinger -- London / Anne Humpherys -- Politics / Michael Sanders -- Political economy / Paul Young -- The aristocracy / Andrew Sanders -- The middle classes / Priti Joshi -- Urban migration and mobility / Josephine McDonagh -- Financial markets and the banking system / Francis O'Gorman -- Empires and colonies / Grace Moore -- Race / Priti Joshi -- Crime / Anne Schwan -- The law / Jan-Melissa Schramm -- Religion / Emma Mason -- Science / James Mussell -- Transport / Jonathan H. Grossman -- Illness, disease and social hygiene / Janis McLarren Caldwell -- Domesticity / Catherine Waters -- Sexuality / Holly Furneaux -- Gender identities / Catherine Waters.
• Sommario/riassunto: Charles Dickens, a man so representative of his age as to have become considered synonymous with it, demands to be read in context. This book illuminates the worlds - social, political, economic and artistic - in which Dickens worked. Dickens's professional life encompassed work as a novelist, journalist, editor, public reader and passionate advocate of social reform. This volume offers a detailed treatment of Dickens in each of these roles, exploring the central features of Dickens's age, work and legacy, and uncovering sometimes surprising faces of the man and of the range of Dickens industries. Through 45 digestible short chapters written by a leading expert on each topic, a rounded picture emerges of Dickens's engagement with his time, the influence of his works and the ways he has been read, adapted and re-imagined from the nineteenth century to the present.

Modeling crop production systems : principles and application / / Phool Singh

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910825249903321
• Autore: Singh Phool
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Enfield, (NH), : Science Publishers, c2008
• ISBN: 1-57808-641-8
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (534 p.)
• Disciplina: 631.501/5118
• Soggetti: Food crops - Mathematical models; Agricultural systems - Mathematical models
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Preface -- Contents -- 1. PHILOSOPHY, ROLE AND TERMINOLOGY OF SYSTEM SCIENCE -- 1.1 History of system science -- 1.1.1 Infancy -- 1.1.2 Juvenile phase -- 1.1.3 Adolescence -- 1.1.4 Maturity -- 1.2 General topology and terminology of systems -- 1.2.1 Variable -- 1.2.2 Parameter -- 1.2.3 System -- 1.2.4 Dynamic process/ model /system -- 1.2.5 Continuous versus discrete state spaces -- 1.2.6 Stochastic versus deterministic descriptions -- 1.2.6.1 Stochastic models of exponential growth -- 1.2.7 Modeling -- 1.2.8 Model -- 1.2.9 Steps in modeling -- 1.2.9.1 First Step: Define the problem -- 1.2.9.2 Second Step: Component identification -- 1.2.9.3 Third Step: Specify component behavior -- 1.2.9.4 Fourth Step: Computer implementation -- 1.2.9.5 Fifth Step: Validation -- 1.2.9.6 Sixth Step: Analysis -- 1.2.9.6.1 Sensitivity analyses -- 1.2.9.6.2 Stability analyses -- 1.3 Three problems -- 1.3.1 System management problem -- 1.3.2 Pure research problem -- 1.3.3 System design problem -- References -- 2. DEVELOPMENT OF MODEL STRUCTURE -- 2.1 Variables and their classification -- 2.1.1 Individual observations -- 2.1.2 Sample of observations -- 2.1.3 Variables -- 2.1.4 Population -- 2.1.5 Variables and their classification -- 2.1.5.1 Measurement variables -- 2.1.5.2 Discontinuous variables -- 2.1.6 Ranked variables -- 2.1.7 Nomina] variables or attributes -- 2.1.8 Variate -- 2.1.9 Derived variable -- 2.1.10 Interval variable -- 2.1.11 Ratio variable -- 2.1.12 Rate-quantity ; variable -- 2.1.13 Example -- 2.1.13.1 Components -- 2.1.13.1.1 Person -- 2.1.13.1.2 Car -- 2.1.13.1.3 Highway -- 2.1.13.1.4 Environment -- 2.1.14 Exercise -- 2.2 Relationship between variables -- 2.2.1 Causal loop diagrams -- 2.2.1.1 Direct relations -- 2.2.1.2 Indirect relations.; 2.2.1.3 Relationship between rate and quantity variable -- 2.2.2 Types of relationship between variables -- 2.2.2.1 Direct (together) relations -- 2.2.2.2 Inverse relations -- 2.2.2.3 Indeterminate relations -- 2.2.2.4 Feedback relationship -- 2.2.3 Example of public address system -- 2.2.3.1 Step 1 -- 2.2.3.2 Step 2. Qualitative description of the system -- 2.2.3.3 Step 3. Definition of relevant components, subsystems, and interactions -- 2.2.3.4 Step 4. Definition of relevant variables -- 2.2.3.5 Step 5. Representation of the relations between the variables -- 2.2.3.6 Step 6. Description of the subsystems -- 2.2.3.7 Step 7. The model equations -- 2.2.3.8 Step 8. Studying the behaviour of the mode] -- 2.2.3.9 Example of feedback relationship: Simple public address system -- 2.2.3.10 Example: Amplifier circuit with negative feedback -- 2.2.3.11 Effect of feedback on response to change in input -- 2.3 Structural (black box) model -- 2.4 Refinement in structural models -- 2.4.1 The structure of crop simulation models -- References -- 3. SPECIFICATION OF COMPONENT BEHAVIOR -- 3.1 Algebraic form -- 3.1.1 Matrix algebraic form for studying a specific behavior of components -- 3.1.1.1 Use of matrix algebra in principal component analysis -- 3.1.1.2 Use of matrix algebra in linear programming for optimization of the system -- 3.1.1.2.1 Remark -- 3.1.1.3 Use of matrix algebra for distance measurements -- 3.1.1.3.1 Calculation of group distances to make a dendogram -- 3.2 Integral-differential form -- 3.2.1 Example for formulating a differential equations -- 3.2.2 The absorption law of Lambert -- 3.3 Parameter estimation -- 3.3.1 Statistical procedure -- 3.3.1.1 Finding the best parameter values for linear equations -- 3.3.1.1.1 Useful characteristic of extrema -- 3.3.1.1.2 Expressions for parameters a and b.; 3.3.1.1.2.1 Derivative of a function of a funcrtion: The chain rule -- 3.3.1.1.2.2 Graphical representation -- 3.3.1.2 How good is the best fitting curve -- 3.3.1.3 Random versus systematic deviations -- 3.3.1.4 Linear approximations for quick estimating a good fitting curve -- 3.3.1.5 Weighing of data -- 3.3.1.5.1 Example -- 3.3.1.6 Error due to data transformation -- 3.3.1.6.1 Example: Error due to data transformation -- 3.3.1.6.1.1 Graphical representation -- 3.3.1.7 Correlation between variables -- 3.3.1.7.1 Example -- 3.3.1.8 Forced correlation -- 3.3.1.8.1 Example -- 3.3.1.9 Statistical procedure for parameters estimation of normal distribution curve -- 3.3.1.9.1 Practical uses of normal distribution curve and table of normal distribution (double tail) -- 3.3.1.9.1.1 Example (Quirin 1978) -- 3.3.1.9.1.2 Example (Quirin 1978) -- 3.3.1.9.1.3 Differences between two population mean or proportions -- 3.3.1.9.1.4 Interval estimation -- 3.3.1.10 Parameter estimation of samples and the universe of discourse -- 3.3.1.11 Parameter estimation and hypothesis testing -- 3.3.1.11.1 Example (1) -- 3.3.1.11.2 Example (2) -- 3.3.1.11.3 Example (3) -- 3.3.1.11.4 Example (4) -- 3.3.1.11.5 Example (5) -- 3.3.1.11.6 Example (6) -- 3.3.1.11.7 Example (7) -- 3.3.1.12 Crop performance indices -- 3.4 Non-statistical procedure for estimating the parameters (physical approach) -- 3.4.1 Non-statistical procedure of parameter estimation -- 3.4.1.1 Cuestimate of the intrinsic rate of increase -- 3.4.1.2 Computer language programming and simulation studies on large computer as a non-statistical approach for estimating parameters and for sensitivity analysis -- 3.4.1.3 Non-statistical approach for parameter estimate in stochastic models -- 3.4.1.4 ; Estimation of binomial coefficient wit hnon-statistical method -- 3.4.1.4.1 Example from Lewis (1971).; 3.4.1.4.2 Binomial distribution (theorem) -- 3.4.1.5 Multinomial distribution -- 3.4.1.5.1 Example -- 3.4.1.6 Poisson distribution -- 3.4.1.7 Optimum seeking designs as a non-statistical approach in design of simulation experiments -- 3.4.1.8 Fitting model equations to experimental data -- 3.4.1.8.1 Selecting equations for fitting -- 3.4.1.8.2 Standard equation types -- 3.4.1.9 Mathematical formulation for solving the differentia] equation (analytical solution) -- 3.4.1.10 Mathematical formulation for solving the difference equation (numerical solution) -- 3.4.1.10.1 The finite difference approach -- 3.4.1.10.2 The Euler technique -- 3.4.1.10.3 An iterated second order Runge-Kutta method -- References -- 4. COMPUTER IMPLEMENTATION -- 4.1 Model software requirement -- 4.1.1 General purpose languages -- 4.1.2 Special-purpose simulation languages -- 4.1.3 Requirement of general-purpose or special purpose language -- 4.1.4 Requirement of special-purpose language -- 4.1.5 Recent softwares developed -- 4.2 Generalized model -- 4.2.1 Specialization and generalization -- 4.2.2 Constraints and characteristics of specialization and generaliza tion -- 4.3 Software specification -- 4.3.1 Command language -- 4.3.1.1 Data manipulating language for the hierarchial model -- 4.3.1.1.1 The GET command -- 4.3.1.1.2 THE GET PATH and GET NEXT WITHIN PARENT retrieval commands -- 4.3.1.1.3 HDML commands for update -- 4.3.1.1.4 IMS: A hierarchial DBMS -- 4.3.2 Program -- 4.3.2.1 Flowcharting -- 4.3.2.1.1 General flowcharting rules -- 4.3.2.1.2 Flowchart symbols and their use -- 4.3.2.1.3 Examples of simple flowcharts -- 4.3.2.2 Introduction of basic programming -- 4.3.2.2.1 BASIC program -- 4.3.2.2.2 Line number -- 4.3.2.2.3 REM -- 4.3.2.2.4 READ and DATA -- 4.3.2.2.5 PRINT -- 4.3.2.2.6 LET -- 4.3.2.2.7 Variables -- 4.3.2.2.8 Constants -- 4.3.2.2.9 GOTO -- 4.3.2.2.10 STOP.; 4.3.2.2.11 IF. THEN -- 4.3.2.2.12 FOR and NEXT -- 4.3.2.2.13 Numeric functions -- 4.3.2.2.14 PRINT TAB -- 4.3.2.2.15 PRINT USING (TRS-80 only) -- 4.3.2.2.16 GOSUB and RETURN -- 4.3.2.2.17 GRAPH SUBROUTINE -- 4.3.2.2.18 Arrays and subscripted variables -- 4.3.2.2.19 Matrix subroutine -- 4.3.2.2.19.1 Inputting data to a matrix -- 4.3.2.2.19.2 Printing a matrix -- 4.3.2.2.19.3 Scalar multiplication by a constant, K -- 4.3.2.2.19.4 Post-multiplication of a matrix by a vector, X © -- 4.3.2.2.20 Important command mode instructions for apple ii and TRS-80 -- 4.3.2.2.20.1 Apple 0 plus -- 4.3.3 Data structure -- 4.3.3.1 Object data structure -- 4.3.3.2 The relational data structure -- 4.3.3.2.1 Relational model concepts -- 4.3.3.2.1.1 Domains, attributes, tupels, and relations -- 4.3.3.3 Network data structure -- 4.3.3.3.1 Network data modeling concepts -- 4.3.3.3.1.1 Records, record types, and data items -- 4.3.3.3.1.2 Set types and their basic properties -- 4.3.3.3.2 Special type of sets -- 4.3.3.3.3 Stored representations of set instances -- 4.3.3.3.4 Using sets to represent M : N relationships -- 4.3.3.4 Hierarchial data structure -- 4.3.3.4.1 Hierarchial database structures -- 4.3.3.4.1.1 Parent-child relationships and hierarchial schemas -- 4.3.3.4.1.2 Properties of a hierarchial schema -- 4.3.3.4.1.3 Hierarchial occurrence trees -- 4.3.3.4.1.4 Linearized form of a hierarchial occurrence tree -- 4.3.3.4.1.5 Virtual parent-child relationships -- 4.4 Data systems -- 4.4.1 Centralized data system -- 4.4.1.1 Centralized DBMS (Database Management System) Architect -- 4.4.1.2 Client-server architecture -- 4.4.1.3 Client-server architectures for DBMSs -- 4.4.2 Hierarchial data system -- 4.4.2.1 Integrity constraints in the hierarchial model -- 4.4.2.2 Data definition in the hierarchial model -- 4.4.2.3 Data ; manipulation language for the hierarchial model.; 4.4.2.3.1 The get command.