1.

Record Nr.

UNINA9910460712303321

Titolo

Portraits of labor market exclusion / / Ramya Sundaram [and five others]

Pubbl/distr/stampa

Washington, District of Columbia : , : The World Bank, , 2015

©2015

ISBN

1-4648-0542-3

Descrizione fisica

1 online resource (293 p.)

Collana

Directions in Development : Human Development

Disciplina

658.3

Soggetti

Personnel management - Research

Sustainable development - Planning

Electronic books.

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Note generali

Description based upon print version of record.

Nota di bibliografia

Includes bibliographical references.

Nota di contenuto

""Front Cover""; ""Contents""; ""Acknowledgments""; ""About the Authors""; ""Abbreviations""; ""Chapter 1 Introduction""; ""Why and What""; ""Note""; ""Chapter 2 Portraits of Labor Market Exclusion""; ""General Economic Background""; ""Stylized Issues Emerging from the Analysis""; ""Selected Issues for Further Policy Dialogue""; ""Broader Policy Issues""; ""Notes""; ""References""; ""Chapter 3 Latent Class Analysis of the Out-of-Work Population in Bulgaria, 2007-11""; ""Background""; ""Methodology: Latent Class Analysis""; ""Main Findings""; ""From Profiling to Activation""; ""Notes""

""References""""Chapter 4 Latent Class Analysis of the Out-of-Work Population in Estonia, 2007-11""; ""Background""; ""Methodology: Latent Class Analysis""; ""Main Findings""; ""From Profiling to Activation""; ""Notes""; ""References""; ""Chapter 5 Latent Class Analysis of the Out-of-Work Population in Greece, 2007-11""; ""Background""; ""Methodology: Latent Class Analysis""; ""Main Findings""; ""From Profiling to Activation""; ""Notes""; ""References""; ""Chapter 6 Latent Class Analysis of the Out-of-Work Population in Hungary, 2007-11""; ""Background""

""Methodology: Latent Class Analysis""""Main Findings""; ""From Profiling to Activation""; ""Notes""; ""References""; ""Chapter 7 Latent Class Analysis of the Out-of-Work Population in Lithuania, 2007-11"";



""Background""; ""Methodology: Latent Class Analysis""; ""Main Findings""; ""From Profiling to Activation""; ""Notes""; ""References""; ""Chapter 8 Latent Class Analysis of the Out-of-Work Population in Romania, 2008�11""; ""Background""; ""Methodology: Latent Class Analysis""; ""Main Findings""; ""From Profiling to Activation""; ""Notes""; ""References""

""Chapter 9 Proceedings of Workshop in Brussels""""Greece""; ""Lithuania""; ""Estonia""; ""Romania""; ""Hungary""; ""Bulgaria""; ""Salient Points from the Plenary Discussions""; ""External Experts Points of View""; ""Appendix A: Link to Online-Only Annexes""; ""Boxes""; ""Box 1.1. Latent Class Analysis: A Sweet and Intuitive Example""; ""Box 1.2. The Statistical Basis behind Latent Class Analysis""; ""Box 1.3. Definition of Labor Market Status and Educational Levels Used in This Report""

""Box 1.4. Limitations of European Union Statistics of Income and Living Conditions; (EU-SILC) Data""""Box 2.1. At-Risk-of-Poverty Rate in the EU and in This Report""; ""Box 2.2. Back to Work: Growing with Jobs in Europe and Central Asia""; ""Box 3.1. Roma Population and Labor Market Exclusion in Bulgaria""; ""Box 6.1. Retirement-Income Systems in Hungary""; ""Box 6.2. Child Benefit Systems in Hungary""; ""Box 8.1. Roma Population and Labor Market Exclusion in Romania""; ""Figures""; ""Figure 1.1. Labor Market and Social Exclusion, Government Activities""

""Figure 2.1. Annual Real GDP Growth, 2003-13""

Sommario/riassunto

Portraits of Labor Market Exclusion presents ""profiles"" or ""portraits"" of individuals who have limited labor-market attachment. It is widely accepted that those with limited attachment to the labor market are a highly heterogeneous group (including, for instance, recent job losers, long-term unemployed, school leavers with no labor-market experience, those close to retirement age, or people with caring responsibilities), and that understanding their circumstances and potential barriers is an essential prerequisite for designing and implementing a tailored and effective mix of policy support



2.

Record Nr.

UNINA9910139907903321

Titolo

Cinchona alkaloids in synthesis and catalysis [[electronic resource] ] : ligands, immobilization and organocatalysis / / edited by Choong Eui Song

Pubbl/distr/stampa

Weinheim, : Wiley-VCH, c2009

ISBN

1-282-30251-5

9786612302510

3-527-62817-7

3-527-62818-5

Descrizione fisica

1 online resource (547 p.)

Classificazione

VK 5500

VK 8620

Altri autori (Persone)

SongChoong Eui

Disciplina

547.215

547.7

Soggetti

Cinchona alkaloids

Chirality

Organic compounds - Synthesis

Catalysis

Electronic books.

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Note generali

Description based upon print version of record.

Nota di bibliografia

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Nota di contenuto

Cinchona Alkaloids in Synthesis and Catalysis: Ligands, Immobilization and Organocatalysis; Contents; Preface; Biography; List of Contributors; 1 An Overview of Cinchona Alkaloids in Chemistry; 1.1 Brief History; 1.2 Active Sites in Cinchona Alkaloids and Their Derivatives; 1.3 Structural Information on Cinchona Alkaloids; 1.4 How This Book Is Organized; References; Part One: Cinchona Alkaloid Derivatives as Chirality Inducers in Metal-Catalyzed Reactions; 2 Cinchona Alkaloids as Chirality Transmitters in Metal-Catalyzed Asymmetric Reductions; 2.1 Introduction

2.2 Homogeneous Systems for Ketone Reductions2.3 Heterogeneous Pt and Pd Catalysts Modified with Cinchona Alkaloids; 2.3.1 Background; 2.3.2 Catalysts; 2.3.3 Modifiers and Solvents; 2.3.4 Substrate Scope for



Pt Catalysts; 2.3.4.1 α-Keto Acid Derivatives; 2.3.4.2 α,γ-Diketo Esters; 2.3.4.3 Fluorinated Ketones; 2.3.4.4 α-Keto Acetals; 2.3.4.5 α-Keto Ethers; 2.3.4.6 Miscellaneous Ketones; 2.3.5 Substrate Scope for Pd Catalysts; 2.4 Industrial Applications; 2.5 Conclusions; References; 3 Cinchona Alkaloids as Chiral Ligands in Asymmetric Oxidations; 3.1 Introduction

3.2 Asymmetric Dihydroxylation of Alkenes3.2.1 Early Reactions; 3.2.2 Bisalkaloid Ligands; 3.2.3 Mechanism; 3.2.4 Variations; 3.2.5 Substrates and Selectivity; 3.2.5.1 Simple Alkenes; 3.2.5.2 Functionalized Alkenes; 3.2.5.3 Polyenes; 3.2.5.3.1 Nonconjugate Olefins; 3.2.5.3.2 Conjugated Polyenes; 3.2.5.4 Double Asymmetric Induction; 3.2.5.5 Resolutions; 3.2.6 Some Reactions of 1,2-Diols; 3.2.6.1 Cyclic Sulfates and Sulfites; 3.3 Aminohydroxylation; 3.4 Sulfur Oxidations; 3.5 Summary; References

4 Cinchona Alkaloids and their Derivatives as Chirality Inducers in Metal-Promoted Enantioselective Carbon-Carbon and Carbon-Heteroatom Bond Forming Reactions4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Nucleophilic Addition to Carbonyl or Imine Compounds; 4.2.1 Organozinc Addition; 4.2.1.1 Dialkylzinc Addition to Aldehydes; 4.2.1.2 Dialkylzinc Addition to Imines; 4.2.1.3 Addition of Alkynylzincs to Carbonyls; 4.2.2 Asymmetric Reformatsky Reaction; 4.2.3 Indium-Mediated Addition; 4.2.4 Asymmetric Cyanation; 4.2.4.1 Cyanohydrin Synthesis; 4.2.4.2 Strecker Synthesis

4.2.5 Reactions of Chiral Ammonium Ketene Enolates as Nucleophiles with Different Electrophiles4.2.5.1 Lewis Acid Assisted Nucleophilic Addition of Ketenes (or Sulfenes) to Aldehydes: β-Lactone and β-Sultone Synthesis; 4.2.5.2 Lewis Acid Assisted Nucleophilic Addition of Ketenes to Imines: β-Lactam Synthesis; 4.2.5.3 Applications of Chiral Ketene Enolates to Formal [4 + 2] type Cyclization; 4.2.6 Aza-Henry Reaction; 4.2.7 Enantioselective Hydrophosphonylation; 4.3 Miscellaneous Reactions; 4.3.1 Claisen Rearrangements; 4.3.2 Pd-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Substitutions

4.3.3 Pauson-Khand Reaction

Sommario/riassunto

This comprehensive review of cinchona-based chiralilty inducers and their applications covers every topic, including ligands, immobilization and organocatalysis. Each chapter summarizes the scope and limitations of the new methods and technologies, while the final chapter contains carefully selected working procedures of cinchona alkaloid-promoted reactions organized according to reaction type. Invaluable reading for anyone wanting to learn about the current state of this hot topic.