Lab-on-a-chip : techniques, circuits, and biomedical applications / / Yahya H. Ghallab, Wael Badawy

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910460157003321
• Autore: Ghallab Yehya H.
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Norwood, Massachusetts : , : Artech House, , ©2010; [Piscataqay, New Jersey] : , : IEEE Xplore, , [2010]
• ISBN: 1-5231-1735-4; 1-59693-419-0
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (238 p.)
• Collana: Artech House integrated microsystems series
• Disciplina: 621.381; 660
• Soggetti: Microelectromechanical systems; Chemical laboratories - Electronic equipment; Biomedical engineering; Electronic books.
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographic references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: 1. Introduction to Lab-on-a-Chip -- 1.1. History -- 1.2. Parts and Components of Lab-on-a-Chip -- 1.2.1. Electric and Magnetic Actuators -- 1.2.2. Electrical Sensors -- 1.2.3. Thermal Sensors -- 1.2.4. Optical Sensors -- 1.2.5. Microfluidic Chambers -- 1.3. Applications of Lab-on-a-Chip -- 1.4. Advantages and Disadvantages of Lab-on-a-Chip -- References -- 2. Cell Structure, Properties, and Models -- 2.1. Cell Structure -- 2.1.1. Prokaryotic Cells -- 2.1.2. Eukaryotic Cells -- 2.1.3. Cell Components -- 2.2. Electromechanics of Particles -- 2.2.1. Single-Layer Model -- 2.2.2. Double-Layer Model -- 2.3. Electrogenic Cells -- 2.3.1. Neurons -- 2.3.2. Gated Ion Channels -- 2.3.3. Action Potential -- References -- 3. Cell Manipulator Fields -- 3.1. Electric Field -- 3.1.1. Uniform Electric Field (Electrophoresis) -- 3.1.2. Nonuniform Electric Field (Dielectrophoresis) -- 3.2. Magnetic Field -- 3.2.1. Nonuniform Magnetic Field (Magnetophoresis) -- 3.2.2. Magnetophoresis Force (MAP Force) -- References -- 4. Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) Technology Fundamentals -- 4.1. Semiconductor Properties -- 4.2. Intrinsic Semiconductors -- 4.3. Extrinsic ; Semiconductor -- 4.3.1. N-Type Doping -- 4.3.2. P-Type Doping -- 4.4. MOS Device Physics -- 4.5. MOS Characteristics -- 4.5.1. Modes of Operation -- 4.6. Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) Device -- 4.6.1. Advantages of CMOS Technology -- References -- 5. Sensing Techniques for Lab-on-a-Chip -- 5.1. Optical Technique -- 5.2. Fluorescent Labeling Technique -- 5.3. Impedance Sensing Technique -- 5.4. Magnetic Field Sensing Technique -- 5.5. CMOS AC Electrokinetic Microparticle Analysis System -- 5.5.1. Bioanalysis Platform -- 5.5.2. Experimental Tests -- References -- 6. CMOS-Based Lab-on-a-Chip -- 6.1. PCB Lab-on-a-Chip for Micro-Organism Detection and Characterization -- 6.2. Actuation -- 6.3. Impedance Sensing -- 6.4. CMOS Lab-on-a-Chip for Micro-Organism Detection and Manipulation -- 6.5. CMOS Lab-on-a-Chip for Neuronal Activity Detection -- 6.6. CMOS Lab-on-a-Chip for Cytometry Applications -- 6.7. Flip-Chip Integration -- References -- 7. CMOS Electric-Field-Based Lab-on-a-Chip for Cell Characterization and Detection -- 7.1. Design Flow -- 7.2. Actuation -- 7.3. Electrostatic Simulation -- 7.4. Sensing -- 7.5. The Electric Field Sensitive Field Effect Transistor (eFET) -- 7.6. The Differential Electric Field Sensitive Field Effect Transistor (DeFET) -- 7.7. DeFET Theory of Operation -- 7.8. Modeling the DeFET -- 7.8.1. A Simple DC Model -- 7.8.2. SPICE DC Equivalent Circuit -- 7.8.3. AC Equivalent Circuit -- 7.9. The Effect of the DeFET on the Applied Electric Field Profile -- References -- 8. Prototyping and Experimental Analysis -- 8.1. Testing the DeFET -- 8.1.1. The DC Response -- 8.1.2. The AC (Frequency) Response -- 8.1.3. Other Features of the DeFET -- 8.2. Noise Analysis -- 8.2.1. Noise Sources -- 8.2.2. Noise Measurements -- 8.3. The Effect of Temperature and Light on DeFET Performance -- 8.4. Testing the Electric Field Imager -- 8.4.1. The Response of the Imager Under Different Environments -- 8.4.2. Testing the Imager with Biocells -- 8.5. Packaging the Lab-on-a-Chip -- References -- 9. Readout Circuits for Lab-on-a-Chip -- 9.1. Current-Mode Circuits -- 9.2. Operational Floating Current Conveyor (OFCC) -- 9.2.1. A Simple Model -- 9.2.2. OFCC with Feedback -- 9.3. Current-Mode Instrumentation Amplifier -- 9.3.1. Current-Mode Instrumentation Amplifier (CMIA) Based on CCII -- 9.3.2. Current-Mode Instrumentation Amplifier Based on OFCC -- 9.4. Experimental and Simulation Results of the Proposed CMIA -- 9.4.1. The Differential Gain Measurements -- 9.4.2. Common-Mode Rejection Ratio Measurements -- 9.4.3. Other Features of the Proposed CMIA -- 9.4.4. Noise Results -- 9.5. Comparison Between Different CMIAs -- 9.6. Testing the Readout Circuit with the Electric Field Based Lab-on-a-Chip -- References -- 10. Current-Mode Wheatstone Bridge for Lab-on-a-Chip Applications -- 10.1. Introduction -- 10.2. CMWB Based on Operational Floating Current Conveyor -- 10.3. A Linearization Technique Based on an Operational Floating Current Conveyor -- 10.4. Experimental and Simulation Results -- 10.4.1. The Differential Measurements -- 10.4.2. Common-Mode Measurements -- 10.5. Discussion -- References -- 11. Current-Mode Readout Circuits for the pH Sensor -- 11.1. Introduction -- 11.2. Differential ISFET-Based pH Sensor -- 11.2.1. ISFET-Based pH Sensor -- 11.2.2. Differential ISFET Sensor -- 11.3. pH Readout Circuit Based on an Operational Floating Current Conveyor -- 11.3.1. Simulation Results -- 11.4. pH Readout Circuit Using Only Two Operational Floating Current Conveyors -- 11.4.1. Simulation Results -- References.
• Sommario/riassunto: "Here's a groundbreaking book that introduces and discusses the important aspects of lab-on-a-chip, including the practical techniques, circuits, microsystems, and key applications in the biomedical, biology, and life science fields. Moreover, this volume covers ongoing research ; in lab-on-a-chip integration and electric field imaging. Presented in a clear and logical manner, the book provides you with the fundamental underpinnings of lab-on-a-chip, presents practical results, and brings you up to date with state-of-the-art research in the field. This unique resource is supported with over 160 illustrations that clarify important topics throughout."--Publisher's description.

Nitric oxide donors [[electronic resource] ] : for pharmaceutical and biological applications / / edited by Peng George Wang, Tingwei Bill Cai, Naoyuki Taniguchi

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910830161903321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Weinheim ; ; [Great Britain], : Wiley-VCH, c2005
• ISBN: 1-280-51948-7; 9786610519484; 3-527-60375-1; 3-527-60384-0
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (414 p.)
• Altri autori (Persone): WangPeng George; CaiTingwai Bill; TaniguchiNaoyuki <1942->
• Disciplina: 572.54
• Soggetti: Nitric oxide; Nitric oxide - Physiological effect; Drugs - Design; Pharmaceutical chemistry
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Nitric Oxide Donors; Contents; Preface; List of Contributors; Part 1 Chemistry of NO Donors; 1 NO and NO Donors; 1.1 Introduction to NO Biosynthesis and NO donors; 1.1.1 Nitric Oxide Synthases; 1.1.2 Chemistry of Reactive Nitrogen Species; 1.2 Classification of NO Donors; 1.3 New Classes of NO Donors under Development; 1.3.1 Nitroarene; 1.3.2 Hydroxamic Acids; 1.4 Development of NO-Drug ; Hybrid Molecules; 1.4.1 Nitrate Hybrid Molecules; 1.4.2 Furoxan Hybrid Molecules; 1.5 New Therapeutic Applications of NO Donors; 1.5.1 NO Donors against Cancer; 1.5.1.1 Diazeniumdiolates (NONOates) as Promising Anticancer Drugs1.5.1.2 The Synergistic Effect of NO and Anticancer Drugs; 1.5.1.3 NO-NSAIDs as a New Generation of Anti-tumoral Agents; 1.5.1.4 Other NO Donors with Anticancer Activity; 1.5.2 NO against Virus; 1.5.2.1 HIV-1 Induces NO Production; 1.5.2.2 Antiviral and Proviral Activity of NO; 1.5.3 Inhibition of Bone Resorption; 1.5.4 Treatment of Diabetes; 1.5.5 Thromboresistant Polymeric Films; 1.5.6 Inhibition of Cysteine Proteases; 1.6 Conclusion; References; 2 Organic Nitrates and Nitrites; 2.1 Organic Nitrates; 2.1.1 Direct Chemical Reaction between Organic Nitrates and Thiols2.1.2 Glutathione-S-transferase; 2.1.3 Cytochrome P-450-dependent Systems; 2.1.4 Membrane-bound Enzyme of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells; 2.1.5 Xanthine Oxidoreductase; 2.1.6 Mitochondrial Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; 2.1.7 Tolerance; 2.2 Organic Nitrites; 2.3 Conclusions; References; 3 N-Nitroso Compounds; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 N-Nitrosamines; 3.2.1 Synthesis of Nitrosamines; 3.2.2 Physical Properties and Reactions of N-Nitrosamines; 3.2.3 Structure-Activity Relationship of N-Nitrosamines; 3.2.4 Application of N-Nitrosamines; 3.3 N-Hydroxy-N-nitrosoamines3.3.1 Biologically Active N-Hydroxy-N-nitrosamine Compounds; 3.3.2 Synthesis of N-Hydroxy-N-nitrosamines; 3.3.3 Properties of N-Hydroxy-N-nitrosamines; 3.3.4 Reactivity of N-Hydroxo-N-nitrosamines; 3.4 N-Nitrosimines; 3.4.1 Mechanism of Thermal Reaction of N-Nitrosoimine; 3.4.2 Properties of N-Nitrosoimines; 3.4.3 Synthesis of N-Nitrosoimines; 3.5 N-Diazeniumdiolates; 3.5.1 Mechanism of NO Release; 3.5.2 Synthesis of N-Diazeniumdiolates; 3.5.2.1 Ionic Diazeniumdiolates; 3.5.2.2 O-derivatized Diazeniumdiolates; 3.5.3 Reactions of N-Diazeniumdiolates; 3.5.4 Clinical Applications3.5.4.1 Reversal of Cerebral Vasospasm; 3.5.4.2 Treatment of Impotency; 3.5.4.3 Nonthrombogenic Blood-contact Surfaces; 3.5.5 Future Directions; References; 4 The Role of S-Nitrosothiols in the Biological Milieu; 4.1 Structure and Cellular Reactivity of RSNOs; 4.1.1 RSNO Structure; 4.1.1.1 Enzymatic Consumption of RSNOs; 4.1.2 Formation of RSNOs in the Biological Milieu; 4.1.2.1 Nitrite Mediated; 4.1.2.2 NO Mediated; 4.1.2.3 NO Oxidation Products Mediated; 4.1.2.4 Metalloprotein Mediated; 4.1.2.5 Transnitrosation; 4.2 Postulated Physiological roles of RSNOs; 4.2.1 Regulation of Blood Flow by HbSNO
• Sommario/riassunto: Nitric oxide is a highly potent regulatory molecule with great pharmaceutical potential. This handbook fills a real gap in combining the chemistry of nitric oxide releasing substances with their practical applications in biology and drug design. It covers all classes of nitric oxide donors, from organic nitrates to nitroso compounds, guanidines and metal-NO complexes.In addition to a detailed treatment of the chemistry of NO donors, numerous examples of successful diagnostic and pharmacological applications are discussed, as well as further therapeutic targets for these substances.