Quantitative risk assessment : the scientific platform / / Terje Aven [[electronic resource]]

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910459716103321
• Autore: Aven Terje
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Cambridge : , : Cambridge University Press, , 2011
• ISBN: 1-107-21651-6; 1-139-03612-2; 1-283-05456-6; 9786613054562; 0-511-97412-4; 1-139-04158-4; 1-139-04235-1; 1-139-04498-2; 1-139-03844-3; 1-139-04081-2
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (xi, 211 pages) : digital, PDF file(s)
• Disciplina: 519.2/87
• Soggetti: Probabilities; Risk assessment - Statistical methods; Decision making - Statistical methods
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 05 Oct 2015).
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Machine generated contents note: Preface; 1. Introduction to risk management and risk assessments. Challenges; 2. Concepts and perspectives on risk; 3. Science and scientific requirements; 4. Introduction to case studies; 5. Risk assessment when the objective is accurate risk estimation; 6. Risk assessment when the objective is uncertainty descriptions; 7. Risk management and communication issues; 8. Towards a holistic approach to risk assessments; 9. Conclusions; Appendix A. Introduction to probability theory and statistical analysis; Appendix B. Terminology; References; Index.
• Sommario/riassunto: Quantitative risk assessments cannot eliminate risk, nor can they resolve trade-offs. They can, however, guide principled risk ; management and reduction - if the quality of assessment is high and decision makers understand how to use it. This book builds a unifying scientific framework for discussing and evaluating the quality of risk assessments and whether they are fit for purpose. Uncertainty is a central topic. In practice, uncertainties about inputs are rarely reflected in assessments, with the result that many safety measures are considered unjustified. Other topics include the meaning of a probability, the use of probability models, the use of Bayesian ideas and techniques, and the use of risk assessment in a practical decision-making context. Written for professionals, as well as graduate students and researchers, the book assumes basic probability, statistics and risk assessment methods. Examples make concepts concrete, and three extended case studies show the scientific framework in action.

Sentencing Matters [[electronic resource]]

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910782773303321
• Autore: Tonry Michael
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: New York, : Oxford University Press, 1998
• ISBN: 1-280-47089-5; 0-19-802553-X
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (233 p.)
• Collana: Studies in crime and public policy Sentencing matters
• Disciplina: 345.730772; 345.730772347.305772; 364.65
• Soggetti: Sentences (Criminal procedure); Sentences (Criminal procedure) - United States; Law - U.S; Criminal Law & Procedure - U.S; Law, Politics & Government
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di contenuto: Contents; 1. Sentencing Matters; 2. Reforming Sentencing; 3. The Federal Sentencing Guidelines; 4. Intermediate Sanctions; 5. Mandatory ; Penalties; 6. Judges and Sentencing Policy; 7. Sentencing Reform in Comparative Perspective; 8. ""What Is to Be Done?""; References; Index
• Sommario/riassunto: Michael Tonry, an internationally recognized authority on criminology, offers in these pages a comprehensive overview of current research, policy developments, and practical experiences concerning sentencing and sanctions. He examines the effects of increased penalties and considers whether they have made America a safer place. Tonry contends that in order for sentencing to be fair and effective, comprehensive and defensible policies must be in place and mechanisms must exist to implement those policies. He also looks at mandatory penalties, community sanctions, and sentencing changes in other

Chaotic transitions in deterministic and stochastic dynamical systems : applications of Melnikov processes in engineering, physics, and neuroscience / / Emil Simiu

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910827211303321
• Autore: Simiu Emil
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Princeton, New Jersey : , : Princeton University Press, , 2002; ©2002
• ISBN: 0-691-05094-5; 1-4008-3250-0
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (244 p.)
• Collana: Princeton Series in Applied Mathematics
• Disciplina: 515/.352
• Soggetti: Differentiable dynamical systems; Chaotic behavior in systems; Stochastic systems
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Front matter -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1. Introduction -- PART 1. FUNDAMENTALS -- Chapter 2. Transitions in Deterministic Systems and the Melnikov Function -- Chapter 3. Chaos in Deterministic Systems and the Melnikov Function -- Chapter 4. Stochastic Processes ; -- Chapter 5. Chaotic Transitions in Stochastic Dynamical Systems and the Melnikov Process -- PART 2. APPLICATIONS -- Chapter 6. Vessel Capsizing -- Chapter 7. Open-Loop Control of Escapes in Stochastically Excited Systems -- Chapter 8. Stochastic Resonance -- Chapter 9. Cutoff Frequency of Experimentally Generated Noise for a First-Order Dynamical System -- Chapter 10. Snap-Through of Transversely Excited Buckled Column -- Chapter 11. Wind-Induced Along-Shore Currents over a Corrugated Ocean Floor -- Chapter 12. The Auditory Nerve Fiber as a Chaotic Dynamical System -- Appendix A1 Derivation of Expression for the Melnikov Function -- Appendix A2 Construction of Phase Space Slice through Stable and Unstable Manifolds -- Appendix A3 Topological Conjugacy -- Appendix A4 Properties of Space ∑2 -- Appendix A5 Elements of Probability Theory -- Appendix A6 Mean Upcrossing Rate τu-1 for Gaussian Processes -- Appendix A7 Mean Escape Rate τ∊-1 for Systems Excited by White Noise -- References -- Index
• Sommario/riassunto: The classical Melnikov method provides information on the behavior of deterministic planar systems that may exhibit transitions, i.e. escapes from and captures into preferred regions of phase space. This book develops a unified treatment of deterministic and stochastic systems that extends the applicability of the Melnikov method to physically realizable stochastic planar systems with additive, state-dependent, white, colored, or dichotomous noise. The extended Melnikov method yields the novel result that motions with transitions are chaotic regardless of whether the excitation is deterministic or stochastic. It explains the role in the occurrence of transitions of the characteristics of the system and its deterministic or stochastic excitation, and is a powerful modeling and identification tool. The book is designed primarily for readers interested in applications. The level of preparation required corresponds to the equivalent of a first-year graduate course in applied mathematics. No previous exposure to dynamical systems theory or the theory of stochastic processes is required. The theoretical prerequisites and developments are presented in the first part of the book. The second part of the book is devoted to applications, ranging from physics to mechanical engineering, naval architecture, oceanography, nonlinear control, stochastic resonance, and neurophysiology.