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1. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910457433703321 |
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Autore |
Stringer Carolyn |
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Titolo |
Setting performance targets [[electronic resource] /] / Carolyn Stringer and Paul Shantapriyan |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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[New York, N.Y.] (222 East 46th Street, New York, NY 10017), : Business Expert Press, c2012 |
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ISBN |
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1-78268-093-4 |
1-283-89257-X |
1-60649-138-5 |
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Edizione |
[1st ed.] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (154 p.) |
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Collana |
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Managerial accounting collection, , 2152-7121 |
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Altri autori (Persone) |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Goal setting in personnel management |
Strategic planning |
Electronic books. |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Description based upon print version of record. |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references (p. 125-139) and index. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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1. Setting performance targets -- 2. Budget targets -- 3. Target setting in changing conditions -- 4. Performance targets -- 5. Target difficulty -- 6. Multiple performance targets --7. Innovations in target setting -- 8. Conclusion: target setting, the lost art -- Appendix. Understanding probabilities -- Notes -- References -- Index. |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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Targets are an important part of our work life, whether we are setting them or meeting them. Target setting forms part of the budgeting process and the performance management of business units and individuals. Unfortunately the behavioral impacts of target setting on performance are not well understood, and this can lead to serious consequences such as game playing. Target setting is an under-researched area. |
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2. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910220050103321 |
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Titolo |
Dendritic Cell and Macrophage Nomenclature and Classification |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (202 p.) |
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Collana |
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Frontiers Research Topics |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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The mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) comprises dendritic cells (DCs), monocytes and macrophages (MØs) that together play crucial roles in tissue immunity and homeostasis, but also contribute to a broad spectrum of pathologies. They are thus attractive therapeutic targets for immune therapy. However, the distinction between DCs, monocytes and MØ subpopulations has been a matter of controversy and the current nomenclature has been a confounding factor. DCs are remarkably heterogeneous and consist of multiple subsets traditionally defined by their expression of various surface markers. While markers are important to define various populations of the MPS, they do not specifically define the intrinsic nature of a cell population and do not always segregate a bona fide cell type of relative homogeneity. Markers are redundant, or simply define distinct activation states within one subset rather than independent subpopulations. One example are the steady-state CD11b+ DCs which are often not distinguished from monocytes, monocyte-derived cells, and macrophages due to their overlapping phenotype. Lastly, monocyte fate during inflammation results in cells bearing the phenotypic and functional features of both DCs and MØs significantly adding to the confusion. In fact, depending on the context of the study and the focus of the laboratory, a monocyte-derived cell will be either be called "monocyte-derived DCs" or "macrophages". Because the names we give to cells are often associated with a functional connotation, this is much more than |
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simple semantics. The "name" we give to a population fundamentally changes the perception of its biology and can impact on research design and interpretation. Recent evidence in the ontogeny and transcriptional regulation of DCs and MØs, combined with the identification of DC- and MØ-specific markers has dramatically changed our understanding of their interrelationship in the steady state and inflammation. In steady state, DCs are constantly replaced by circulating blood precursors that arise from committed progenitors in the bone marrow. Similarly, some MØ populations are also constantly replaced by circulating blood monocytes. However, others tissue MØs are derived from embryonic precursors, are seeded before birth and maintain themselves in adults by self-renewal. In inflammation, such differentiation pathways are fundamentally changed and unique monocyte-derived inflammatory cells are generated. Current DC, monocyte and MØ nomenclature does not take into account these new developments and as a consequence is quite confusing. We believe that the field is in need of a fresh view on this topic as well as an upfront debate on DC and MØ nomenclature. Our aim is to bring expert junior and senior scientists to revisit this topic in light of these recent developments. This Research Topic will cover all aspects of DC, monocyte and MØ biology including development, transcriptional regulation, functional specializations, in lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues, and in both human and mouse models. Given the central position of DCs, monocytes and MØs in tissue homeostasis, immunity and disease, this topic should be of interest to a large spectrum of the biomedical community. |
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3. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910446333603321 |
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Titolo |
Aphids as crop pests / / edited by H. van Emden and R. Harrington |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Wallingford, : CABI, 2007 |
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ISBN |
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1-280-95299-7 |
9786610952991 |
1-84593-202-1 |
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Edizione |
[1st ed.] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (761 pages) |
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Altri autori (Persone) |
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Van EmdenH. F (Helmut Fritz) |
HarringtonR |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Description based upon print version of record. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Contents; Preface; List of Contributors; 1. Taxonomic Issues; 2. Population Genetic Issues: The Unfolding Story Using Molecular Markers; 3. Life Cycles and Polymorphism; 4. Host-plant Selection and Feeding; 5. Nutrition and Symbiosis; 6. Growth and Development; 7. Aphid Movement: Process and Consequences; 8. Predators, Parasitoids and Pathogens; 9. Chemical Ecology; 10. Insecticide Resistance; 11. Coping with Stress; 12. Population Dynamics; 13. Feeding Injury; 14. Transmission of Plant Viruses; 15. Chemical Control; 16. Cultural Control; 17. Host-plant Resistance; 18. Biological Control |
19. Monitoring and Forecasting20. Integrated Pest Management and Introduction to IPM Case Studies; 21. IPM Case Studies: Brassicas; 22. IPM Case Studies: Berry Crops; 23. IPM Case Studies: Cotton; 24. IPM Case Studies: Leafy Salad Crops; 25. IPM Case Studies: Grain; 26. IPM Case Studies: Seed Potato; 27. IPM Case Studies: Sorghum; 28. IPM Case Studies: Cucurbits; 29. IPM Case Studies: Deciduous Fruit Trees; 30. IPM Case Studies: |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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Aphids represent one of the world's major insect pests, causing serious economic damage to a range of temperate and tropical crops. This book covers the biology of aphids, their pest status, and how to control them. It contains topics that range from insecticide resistance to |
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chemical, cultural and biological control methods. |
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