Africa's power infrastructure [[electronic resource] ] : investment, integration, efficiency / / Anton Eberhard ... [et al.]

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910456668703321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Washington, D.C, : World Bank, c2011
• ISBN: 1-283-10004-5; 9786613100047; 0-8213-8652-2
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (352 p.)
• Collana: Directions in development (Washington, D.C.). Infrastructure
• Altri autori (Persone): EberhardAnton A
• Disciplina: 333.793/20967
• Soggetti: Rural electrification - Government policy - Africa, Sub-Saharan; Energy policy - Social aspects - Africa, Sub-Saharan; Capital investments - Africa, Sub-Saharan; Electronic books.
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Africa unplugged -- The region's underdeveloped energy resources -- The lag in installed generation capacity -- Stagnant and inequitable access to electricity services -- Unreliable electricity supply -- The prevalence of back-up generators -- Increasing use of leased emergency power -- A power crisis exacerbated by drought, conflict, and high oil prices -- High power costs that generally do not cover costs -- Deficient power infrastructure constrains social and economic development -- The promise of regional power trade -- Uneven distribution and poor economies of scale -- Despite power pools, low regional power trade -- The potential benefits of expanded regional power trading -- What regional patterns of trade would emerge? -- Water resources management and hydropower development -- Who gains most from power trade? -- How will less hydropower development influence trade flows? -- What are the environmental impacts of trading power? -- Technology choices and the clean development mechanism -- How might climate change affect power investment patterns? -- Meeting the challenges of regional integration of infrastructure -- Building a political consensus -- Strengthening ; regional institutions -- Setting priorities for regional infrastructure -- Facilitating project preparation and cross-border finance -- Developing regional regulatory frameworks -- Investment requirements -- Modeling investment needs -- Estimating supply needs -- Overall cost requirements -- The sapp -- Constant access rates under trade expansion -- Regional target for access rate : electricity access of 35 percent on average -- National targets for electricity access -- The EAPP/Nile Basin -- Constant access rates under trade expansion -- Regional target for access rate : electricity access of 35 percent on average -- National targets for electricity access -- WAPP -- Constant access rates under trade expansion -- Regional target rate : electricity access of 54 percent on average -- National targets for electricity access -- CAPP -- Constant access rates under trade expansion -- Regional target for access rate : electricity access of 44 percent on average -- National targets for electricity access -- Strengthening sector reform and planning -- Power sector reform in sub-Saharan Africa -- Private management contracts : winning the battle, losing the war -- Sector reform, sector performance -- The search for effective hybrid markets -- Regulatory institutions may need to be redesigned -- The challenges of independent regulation -- Regulation by contract -- Outsourcing regulatory functions -- Toward better regulatory systems -- A model to fit the context -- Widening connectivity and reducing inequality -- Low electricity connection rates -- Mixed progress, despite many agencies and funds -- Inequitable access to electricity -- Affordability of electricity : subsidizing the well off -- Policy challenges for accelerating service expansion -- Don't forget the demand side of the equation -- Take a hard-headed look at affordability -- Target subsidies to promote service expansion -- Systematic planning needed for periurban and rural electrification -- Recommitting to the reform of state-owned enterprises -- Hidden costs in underperforming state-owned enterprises -- Driving down operational inefficiencies and hidden costs -- Effect of better governance on performance of state-owned utilities -- Making state-owned enterprises more effective -- Defined roles and responsibilities -- Altering the political economy around the utility -- Practical tools for improving the performance of state-owned utilities -- Closing Africa's power funding gap -- Existing spending in the power sector -- How much more can be done within the existing resource envelope? -- Increasing cost recovery -- On budget spending : raising capital budget execution -- Improving utility performance -- Savings from efficiency-oriented reforms -- Annual funding gap -- How much additional finance can be raised? -- Little scope for raising more domestic finance -- Official development assistance : sustaining the scale-up -- Non-OECD financiers will growth continue? -- Private investors : over the hill -- Local capital markets : a possibility in the medium term -- Bank lending -- Equity -- Corporate bonds -- The most promising ways to increase funds -- What else can be done? -- Taking more time -- Lowering costs through regional integration -- The way forward.
• Sommario/riassunto: Africa?s chronic power problems have escalated in recent years into a crisis affecting 30 countries, taking a heavy toll on economic growth and productivity. The region has inadequate generation capacity, limited electrification, low power consumption, unreliable services, and high costs. It also faces a power sector financing gap on the order of 21 billion a year. It spends only about a quarter of what it needs to spend on power, much of this on operating expenditure required to run the continent?s high-cost power systems, leaving little for the huge investments needed to provide a long-term

Immigration and Ethnic Formation in a Deeply Divided Society : The Case of the 1990s Immigrants from the Former Soviet Union in Israel / / Majid Al-Haj

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910450112003321
• Autore: Al-Haj Majid
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Leiden; ; Boston : , : BRILL, , 2004
• ISBN: 1-280-46523-9; 9786610465231; 1-4237-1176-9; 90-474-0283-9
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (265 p.)
• Collana: International Studies in Sociology and Social Anthropology ; ; 91
• Disciplina: 305.892/4047
• Soggetti: Immigrants - Israel; Jews, Soviet - Israel - Social conditions; Social adjustment - Israel; Social surveys - Israel; Electronic books.
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Introduction. -- Immigrants from the Former Soviet Union in Israel -- Methodology -- Immigrants' Survey -- Survey of the General Population -- Students' Survey -- Focus Groups -- Chapter 1. Theoretical Framework -- Definitions of "Ethnic Group" -- Immigration and Ethnic Formation -- Ethnic Mobilization -- The Reactive Perspective -- The Competitive Model of Ethnic Mobilization -- Criticism of the Reactive and Competitive Approaches -- Rational Choice Theory -- The Role of the State -- Chapter 2. Israeli Society: A Background -- Immigration and the Construction of Social Boundaries -- Unique vs. Typical Immigration -- An Ideological Value or a Means to Achieve Political Goals -- Immigration and Ethnic Formation in Israel -- Background of Jewish Ethnicity -- Ethnic Composition over Time -- Ethnicity as a Socio-Cultural Rift -- The Modernization-Establishment Approach -- The Melting Pot Ideology -- Counter-approaches to Ethnic Relations -- Ethnic mobilization -- Ethnicity and the Religious-Nonreligious Divide ; -- The Jewish-Arab Divide -- Background -- Policy toward the Palestinians in Israel -- Social Change -- Economic Deterritorialization -- Political Territorialization -- Multiculturalism vs. Tribalism in Israeli Society -- Chapter 3. The Jews of Russia and the Former Soviet Union: Background and -- Waves of Immigration -- Emigration by Russian/Soviet/FSU Jews -- The First Waves to Palestine -- Immigrants from the Soviet Union in the 1970s -- Ethiopia: A New Reservoir of Immigrants -- Aspirations for Aliya from the West -- The 1990s Wave -- Main Trends -- Differences between the 1970s and the 1990s Waves -- Chapter 4. Identity Patterns and Ethnic Formation -- Communal Ethnic Organizations -- Sources of Information, Russian-Language Media -- Motivation for Migration and Connection with the Home Country -- Self-Identification -- Non-Jewish immigrants -- The Other - Definition: How Veteran Israelis Perceive the Immigrants -- Chapter 5. Attitudes toward Civil Society and Freedom of Expression -- Character of Israel -- Attitudes toward Peace -- Freedom of Expression -- Communication Environments -- Permissiveness -- The Ranking of Rights -- Chapter 6. Political Organization -- Voting Patterns in the Knesset Elections -- Collective vs. Individual Factors behind the Voting Patterns -- Factors behind the Voting for Prime Minister -- The Elections of 2003 -- Local Elections -- Chapter 7. Immigrants versus Israeli Society -- Adjustment Patterns -- Residential Adjustment -- Economic Adjustment -- Social Adjustment -- Mutual Influence -- Immigrants' Social Distance from Other Groups in Israel -- Social Distance from Arabs -- Social Distance from other Jewish Groups -- Chapter 8. Attitudes of Veteran Groups toward Immigrants -- Attitudes in the Early 1990s -- Jewish Leadership -- Jewish Public -- The Arab Leadership -- Arab Public -- Trends over Time: A Decade later -- Internal Divisions within Jewish Populations -- Tolerance of Separate Immigrant Organizations -- Social Distance -- The Attitudes of the Younger Generation -- Social Distance as Felt by the Younger Generation -- Concluding Remarks -- References -- List of tables -- List of Figures.
• Sommario/riassunto: This book deals with the ethnic formation among the 1990s immigrants from the former Soviet Union in Israel, in light of both domestic changes, and developments in the Israel- Arab conflict. Based on a broad variety of quantitative and qualitative methods, the book presents a detailed analysis of identity patterns among these immigrants, their orientation in matters of religion, society, culture and politics, and their relationships with all the constituent groups in Israeli society - including the Palestinian minority. The book provides a new critical perspective on questions of immigration, ethnicity and society in Israel. The analysis is placed in a global theoretical context that challenges the dominant approach in the sociology of immigration in Israel, which is based on the Zionist paradigm.