A risk-management strategy for PCB-contaminated sediments [[electronic resource] /] / Committee on Remediation of PCB-Contaminated Sediments, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Division on Life and Earth Studies, National Research Council

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910455980903321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Washington, D.C. ; ; [Great Britain], : National Academy Press, c2001
• ISBN: 1-280-18507-4; 9786610185078; 0-309-58873-1
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (452 p.)
• Disciplina: 363.7384
• Soggetti: Contaminated sediments - Environmental aspects - United States; Polychlorinated biphenyls - Environmental aspects - United States; Electronic books.
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: "This project was supported by Grant No. R 827175-01 between the National Academy of Sciences and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency"-T.p. verso.
• Nota di contenuto: ""A Risk-Management STRATEGY for PCB-Contaminated Sediments""; ""Copyright""; ""Preface""; ""Contents""; ""Executive Summary""; ""BACKGROUND""; ""THE COMMITTEE'S TASK""; ""THE COMMITTEE'S APPROACH""; ""MAJOR CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS""; ""DISCUSSION""; ""1 Introduction ""; ""OVERVIEW OF PCBS IN SEDIMENTS""; ""THE COMMITTEE'S TASK""; ""THE COMMITTEE'S APPROACH""; ""REPORT ORGANIZATION""; ""REFERENCE""; ""2 PCBs in the Environment ""; ""DEFINING PCBS""; ""History of PCBs""; ""DISTRIBUTION AND DYNAMICS OF PCBS IN THE ENVIRONMENT""; ""POTENTIAL EXPOSURE PATHWAYS""; ""TOXICITY OF PCBS""; ""Mode of Action""""Potential Human Health Effects of PCBs""; ""The Potential Ecological Impacts of PCBs""; ""WEATHERING OF PCBS""; ""CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS""; ""REFERENCES""; ""3 The Framework ""; ""RISK-MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK""; ""RATIONALE FOR AND ADVANTAGES OF THE FRAMEWORK""; ""OUTLINE OF THE RISK-; MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK""; ""CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS""; ""REFERENCES""; ""4 Community Involvement ""; ""SPECIFIC COMMUNITY CONCERNS""; ""DEFINING THE COMMUNITY""; ""“Stakeholdersâ€? Versus “Affected Partiesâ€?""; ""The Need for Community Involvement""; ""Benefits of Community Involvement""""INVOLVING THE COMMUNITY""; ""Build a Working Relationship with the Community""; ""Establish Trust and Respect Between All Parties""; ""Involve the Community As a Respected Partner""; ""Empowerment""; ""Communication""; ""Commitment""; ""Process Transparency""; ""COMMUNITY OUTREACH AND EDUCATION""; ""THE ROLE OF REGULATORY AGENCIES""; ""MECHANISMS FOR INVOLVING THE COMMUNITY""; ""CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS""; ""REFERENCES""; ""5 Defining the Problem and Setting Management Goals ""; ""DEFINING THE PROBLEM""; ""Public Health Problems""; ""Ecological Problems""""Social Impacts""; ""Cultural Impacts""; ""Economic Impacts""; ""SITE ASSESSMENT""; ""Sources of PCBs""; ""Characterization of Present Contamination""; ""Co-contaminants""; ""SETTING RISK-MANAGEMENT GOALS""; ""CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS""; ""REFERENCES""; ""6 Analyzing Risks ""; ""ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT""; ""PROBLEM FORMULATION""; ""ANALYSIS PHASE""; ""PCB Exposure Assessment""; ""Field Monitoring""; ""Accumulation of PCBs in Sediments""; ""Accumulation of PCBs in Benthic Organisms and Fish""; ""PCB Exposure Models""; ""Hydrodynamic Transport""; ""Sediment Transport""""Organic Carbon""; ""PCB Transport and Fate""; ""PCB Bioaccumulation""; ""Summary of Exposure Modeling Results""; ""PCB Effects Assessment""; ""Congener-Specific Exposure and Effects""; ""Toxicity Equivalent Values""; ""Biota-Sediment-Accumulation-Factor Values""; ""Effects of PCBs on Wildlife""; ""Toxicity Results for Lower Trophic Organisms""; ""Toxicity Results for Fish""; ""Toxicity Results for Birds""; ""Toxicity Results for Nonhuman Mammals""; ""Summary of Effects in Wildlife""; ""Human Health Effects from PCBs""; ""Cancer""; ""Limitations of Human Health Risk Assessments for PCBs""