Acid deposition [[electronic resource] ] : atmospheric processes in Eastern North America : a review of current scientific understanding / / Committee on Atmospheric Transport and Chemical Transformation in Acid Precipitation, Environmental Studies Board, Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Resources, National Research Council

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910455784203321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1983
• ISBN: 1-280-24592-1; 9786610245925; 0-309-55751-8; 0-585-14450-8
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (391 p.)
• Soggetti: Weather; Meteorology - North America, Eastern; Acid rain - North America, Eastern; Electronic books.
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di contenuto: Acid Deposition; Copyright; Preface; Contents; Summary; STATUS OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE; Data; Meteorological Processes; Models; ISSUES; Applicability of Models To Decisions On Control Strategy; Nonlinearity; Influences of Local and Distant Sources; IMPLICATIONS FOR EMISSION-CONTROL STRATEGIES; RESEARCH NEEDS; 1 Introduction; DEPOSITION ACIDITY; ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS; Physical and Chemical States of Deposited Materials; Reversibility and Irreversibility; OTHER RELATED REGIONAL AIR POLLUTION PHENOMENA; PURPOSE OF THE STUDY; ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT; NOTES; REFERENCES; 2 Atmospheric Processes; TRANSPORT AND MIXINGCHEMICAL TRANSFORMATION; Homogeneous Gas-Phase Reactions; Homogeneous Aqueous-Phase Reactions; Relative Roles of Gaseous- and Aqueous-Phase Chemistry; ; DEPOSITION; Dry Deposition; Wet Deposition; Attachment Processes; REFERENCES; 3 Theoretical Models of Regional Air Quality; MATERIAL BALANCE; DETERMINISTIC MODELS; Treatment of Transport and Mixing; Treatment of Transformation Chemistry; Treatment of Dry and Wet Deposition; Linearity or Nonlinearity in Theoretical Models; Physical Processes; Chemical Processes; FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS; REFERENCES; 4 Empirical Observations and Source-Receptor RelationshipsAEROMETRIC DATA AND THEIR LIMITATIONS; RELATIONSHIPS AMONG AEROMETRIC PARAMETERS; THE INFLUENCE OF METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS; Classification of Meteorological Conditions; Air-Mass Trajectories; STATISTICAL METHODS OF ANALYSIS; Regression on Principal Components; Empirical Orthogonal-Function Analysis; Elemental-Tracer Analysis; ANALYSIS OF HISTORICAL TRENDS; ANALYSIS OF RELATIVE BEHAVIOR OF SULFUR AND NITROGEN EMISSIONS; FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS; Nonlinearity; Influence of Local and Distant Sources; REFERENCES; 5 Research Needs; FIELD STUDIESCloud Processes; Studies of Chemical Mechanisms; Dry Deposition; Tracers; Meteorological Studies; LABORATORY STUDIES; DEVELOPMENT OF THEORETICAL MODELS; Appendix A The Chemistry of Acid Formation; GAS-PHASE REACTIONS LEADING TO GENERATION OF ACID IN THE TROPOSPHERE; Oxidation By Stable Atmospheric Molecules; Reactive Transient Species in the Troposphere; Atmospheric Oxidation of SO2 by Reactive Transient Species; Atmospheric Oxidation of NO2 by Reactive Transient Species; Theoretical Rates of SO2 and NO2 Conversion To H2SO4 and HONO2 Through Gas-Phase Reactions in the Troposphere; THE SOLUTION-PHASE OXIDATION OF SO2 IN THE TROPOSPHEREAqueous-Phase Oxidation of SO2; Comparison of Reaction Pathways For Solution-Phase Oxidation of SO2; Solution-Phase Generation of Nitric and Nitrous Acids in the Troposphere; SUMMARY; REFERENCES; Appendix B Transport and Dispersion Processes; CLASSIFICATION OF TRANSPORT PHENOMENA; LOCAL AND MESOSCALE TRANSPORT; SYNOPTIC-OR CONTINENTAL-SCALE TRANSPORT; HEMISPHERIC OR GLOBAL TRANSPORT; CONCLUSIONS; ACKNOWLEDGMENTS; REFERENCES; Appendix C Atmospheric Deposition Processes; 1. INTRODUCTION; 2. DRY-DEPOSITION PROCESSES; 2.1 Mechanisms of Dry Deposition