English adjectives of comparison [[electronic resource] ] : lexical and grammaticalized uses / / by Tine Breban

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910455723603321
• Autore: Breban Tine <1980->
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Berlin ; ; New York, : De Gruyter Mouton, 2010
• ISBN: 1-282-72289-1; 9786612722899; 3-11-021601-9
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (407 p.)
• Collana: Topics in English linguistics ; ; 63
• Classificazione: HF 271
• Disciplina: 425
• Soggetti: English language - Adjective; English language - Grammar; Grammar, Comparative and general; Electronic books.
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Frontmatter -- Table of contents -- Introduction -- Part I. Theoretical argumentation for the grammaticalization and subjectification hypothesis of English adjectives of comparison in the English NP -- 1. Constructing a dynamic functional combinatory model of the English NP -- 2. Grammaticalization and subjectification in the English NP -- 3. English adjectives of general comparison -- 4. The grammaticalization hypothesis -- 5. The role of subjectivity and subjectification in the grammaticalization of prenominal adjectives of comparison -- Part II. Synchronic corpus study -- 6. Adjectives of difference -- 7. Adjectives of identity -- 8. Adjectives of similarity -- 9. Adjectives of comparison in postnominal position -- Part III. Diachronic corpus studies -- 10. Diachronic corpus study of six adjectives of comparison -- 11. Diachronic corpus study of six adjectives of difference -- 12. Summary -- Backmatter
• Sommario/riassunto: The book is concerned with a hitherto underresearched grammaticalization process: the development from quality-attributing adjective to determiner in the English noun phrase. It takes a bottom-up approach, based on extensive synchronic and diachronic corpus ; studies of six English adjectives of comparison: other, different, same, identical, similar and comparable. Their functional diversity in current English is proposed to constitute a case of layering, representing the original descriptive use, which expresses how like/unlike each other entities are, and a range of grammaticalized referential uses, which contribute to the identification and/or quantification of the entities denoted by the NP. Diachronic and comparative data material is invoked to verify and further develop the grammaticalization hypothesis. The development of adjectives of comparison involves several key concepts identified in the literature. Crucially, it is described as a case of textual intersubjectification driven by the optimalization of recipient-design. The actual grammaticalization paths are diverse and are characterized by lexical as well as structural persistence, i.e. the same lexical meaning develops into different grammatical functions in different syntagmatic configurations. In order to define the NP as a locus of diachronic change, this study offers a new angle on the description of adjectives and the modelling of NP structure. It advocates the abandonment of the traditional class-based model in favour of a radically functional one, in which functions are defined in terms of prototypicality so as to allow for gradience between and within them. The described grammaticalization processes involve developments from prototypical lexical to grammatical reference-related use within the adjectival category, which can be the starting point of further gradual change to determiners. The traditional relation between classes and positions is envisaged as a correspondence between functional and syntactic zones. The change in form concomitant with grammaticalization in the NP is argued to consist of the reconfiguration of structural combinatorics and progressive leftward movement. The book is of interest to linguistic researchers and graduate students in linguistics who focus their attention on grammaticalization and subjectification, the functional description of adjectives, questions of deixis and theoretical issues relating to nominal reference.

Clinical pancreatology for practicing gastroenterologists and surgeons / / edited by J. Enrique Domínguez Muñoz

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910555294303321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Hoboken, New Jersey : , : Wiley Blackwell, , [2021]; ©2021
• ISBN: 1-119-57014-X; 1-119-57008-5; 1-119-57009-3
• Edizione: [Second edition.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (749 pages)
• Disciplina: 616.37
• Soggetti: Pancreas - Diseases; Electronic books.
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di contenuto: Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Contributors -- Foreword -- Preface -- Dedication -- Section I Acute Pancreatitis -- Chapter 1 Acute Pancreatitis: An Overview -- Introduction -- Causes -- Laboratory Diagnosis -- Imaging -- Risk Stratification -- Classification -- Treatment -- Prophylactic Antibiotics -- Nutrition -- Post-discharge Cholecystectomy -- Long-term Sequelae -- References -- Chapter 2 How to Deal with the Etiological Diagnosis of Acute Pancreatitis in Clinical Practice? -- Introduction -- Etiological Diagnosis -- Gallstone-induced Pancreatitis -- Microlithiasis -- Alcoholic Pancreatitis -- Drug-induced Pancreatitis -- Other Etiological Diagnoses of Acute Pancreatitis -- Hypercalcemia -- Hypertriglyceridemia -- Smoking -- Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus -- Pancreatobiliary Tumors -- Post-ERCP Pancreatitis -- Single and Double Balloon Enteroscopy -- Congenital Anomalies -- Idiopathic Acute Pancreatitis -- Investigative Work-up -- Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 3 Definition of Complications and Severity of Acute Pancreatitis for Clinical Practice -- Background -- The Atlanta Classification 1992 -- The Revised Atlanta Classification 2012 -- Definition of Organ Failure and Complications in Acute Pancreatitis -- Organ Failure -- Local Complications -- ; Systemic Complications -- Definition of Severity in Acute Pancreatitis -- Mild Acute Pancreatitis -- Moderately Severe Acute Pancreatitis -- Severe Acute Pancreatitis -- Limitations of the Revised Atlanta Classification -- The Determinant-Based Classification -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4 Early Prediction of Severity in Acute Pancreatitis: What can be Done in Clinical Practice? -- Introduction -- Available Prediction Tools -- Volume Deficit -- Inflammatory Response -- Host-related Characteristics -- Age and Comorbidity Burden.; Obesity and Hypertriglyceridemia -- Degree of Parenchymal and Extra-parenchymal Injury -- Scoring Systems -- Limitations and Future of Current Scoring Systems and Predictive Markers -- Artificial Intelligence and Biomarkers: the Future? -- References -- Chapter 5 Role of CT Scan in Acute Pancreatitis: When is it Indicated and What Information can be Obtained? -- CT Imaging in Acute Pancreatitis -- Confirming the Diagnosis of AP -- Assessing the Etiology of Acute Pancreatitis -- Assessing the Prognosis of Acute Pancreatitis -- Identifying Local Complications Associated with Acute Pancreatitis -- Pancreatic Necrosis and Peripancreatic Fluid Collections -- Vascular Complications -- Other Complications -- Timing of CT in Acute Pancreatitis -- Limitations of CT Imaging -- Conclusion -- Disclosures -- References -- Chapter 6 Role of MRI in Acute Pancreatitis When is it Indicated and What Information can be Obtained? -- Introduction -- MRI and MRCP Protocol for Pancreas Examination -- Interstitial Edematous Pancreatitis -- Necrotizing Pancreatitis -- Complications of Acute Pancreatitis -- Fluid Collections -- Acute Peripancreatic Fluid Collection -- Acute Necrotic Collection -- Pseudocyst -- Walled-off Necrosis -- Vascular Complications -- References -- Chapter 7 Treatment of Acute Pancreatitis in The Emergency Room: What Should be Done During the First Hours of Disease? -- Introduction -- Early Diagnosis in the Emergency Room -- Initial Work-up for Etiology -- Severity Assessment, Triage, and Disposition -- Specialty Consultation -- Management -- First-line Medical Management: Fluid Resuscitation -- Type of Intravenous Fluid to Administer -- Antibiotics -- Pain Control -- Nutrition -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 8 Acute Pancreatitis: A Practical Guideline for the Monitoring and Treatment of Systemic Complications -- Introduction.; Acute Pancreatitis and Systemic Complications: Definitions, Importance, and Incidence -- Monitoring Respiratory Function and Management of Respiratory Failure -- Shock: Volume Management and Hemodynamic Monitoring -- Acute Renal Failure: Early Detection and Management -- Other Systemic Complications Associated with Acute Pancreatitis -- Hypocalcemia -- Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation -- Gastrointestinal Bleeding -- Pancreatic Encephalopathy and Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome -- Abdominal Compartment Syndrome -- References -- Chapter 9 Guidelines for the Treatment of Pain in Acute Pancreatitis -- Introduction -- Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs -- Opioid Analgesics -- Epidural Analgesia -- Local Anesthetics -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 10 Nutrition in the Acute Phase of Pancreatitis: Why, When, How and How Long? -- Why -- When -- How -- What to Feed -- References -- Chapter 11 Oral Refeeding in Acute Pancreatitis: When and How Should it be Restarted? -- Introduction -- What is the Optimal Timing of Refeeding in AP? -- How Should Oral Refeeding be Scheduled? -- What are the Predictors of Oral Feeding Intolerance in AP Patients? -- Summary and Recommendations -- References -- Chapter 12 Pharmacological Therapy for Acute Pancreatitis: Any Light at the End of the Tunnel? -- Introduction -- Calcium Toxicity -- Mitochondrial Dysfunction -- Autophagy -- Acinar Cell Secretion, Serine Proteases, and Serine ; Protein Kinases -- Immune Cells/Inflammation -- CFTR -- Design of Future Clinical Trials -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 13 Indication and Optimal Timing of ERCP in Acute Pancreatitis -- Introduction -- ERCP in the Setting of Acute Biliary Pancreatitis -- Urgent ERCP -- Elective ERCP -- Additional Applications of ERCP in the Setting of Acute Pancreatitis -- Conclusions -- Disclosures -- References.; Chapter 14 How to Deal with Infected Pancreatic Necrosis? -- Introduction -- Prevention of Infection of (Peri)pancreatic Necrosis -- Diagnosis of Infected (Peri)pancreatic Necrosis -- How to Deal with Infected (Peri)pancreatic Necrosis -- Systemic Antibiotics -- Endoscopic or Percutaneous Drainage -- Endoscopic or Laparoscopic Necrosectomy -- References -- Chapter 15 Minimally Invasive Surgical Necrosectomy in Clinical Practice: Indications, Technical Issues, and Optimal Timing -- Introduction -- Percutaneous Drainage -- Sinus Tract Endoscopy -- Endoscopic (Endoluminal) Approach -- Retroperitoneal Approach -- Laparoscopic Transperitoneal Approach -- References -- Chapter 16 Endoscopic Necrosectomy in Clinical Practice: Indications, Technical Issues, and Optimal Timing -- Introduction -- Management of Symptomatic Pseudocysts -- Management of Symptomatic Walled-off Necrosis -- Indications and Timing for Intervention -- Choosing the Best Interventional Option: the Step-up Approach -- Methods of Endoscopic Necrosectomy and Stent Choice -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 17 Management of Acute Pancreatic Pseudocyst: When to Observe, When and How to Drain? -- Introduction -- Evaluation -- Drainage Therapy -- Disconnected Pancreatic Duct Syndrome -- Complications -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 18 The Disconnected Main Pancreatic Duct Syndrome: How to Proceed in Clinical Practice? -- Introduction -- Epidemiology -- Risk Factors and Predictors of DPDS -- Clinical Significance -- Clinical Presentation -- Diagnosis -- Treatment -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 19 Vasculature Complications in Pancreatitis: How to Deal with Them? -- Venous Complications -- Splanchnic Thrombosis Rates -- Risk Factors for Thrombosis -- Clinical Findings -- Screening -- Splenic Vein Thrombosis -- Portal Vein Thrombosis -- Management of Visceral Vein Thrombosis.; Anticoagulation -- Surgical Management -- Miscellaneous Venous Complications -- Bowel Wall Ischemia -- Portal Vein-Pseudocyst Fistula -- Arterial Complications -- Pseudoaneurysm -- Pseudoaneurysm and Risk of Rupture -- Hemosuccus Pancreaticus -- Imaging of Pseudoaneurysm or Potential Hemorrhage -- Ruptured Pseudoaneurysm Management -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 20 Acute Relapsing Pancreatitis: What can be Done to Prevent Relapses? -- Introduction -- Definition -- Burden -- Demographics -- Etiology -- Diagnostic Work-up -- Natural History and Risk of Progression -- Preventing Recurrences and Disease Progression -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 21 Diagnosis and Therapeutic Approach to Pancreatic Exocrine Insufficiency after Acute Pancreatitis -- Introduction -- Symptoms -- Diagnosis -- Management -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 22 Asymptomatic Chronic Elevation of Serum Pancreatic Enzymes: How to Deal with It? -- Introduction -- Physiology of Pancreatic Enzymes -- Pancreatic Abnormalities in Patients with Pancreatic Hyperenzymemia -- Pancreatic Hyperenzymemia: A Clue to Malignancy? -- Pancreatic Abnormalities at Second-level Imaging -- Gastrointestinal Diseases and Pancreatic Hyperenzymemia -- Inflammatory Bowel Disease -- Celiac Disease -- Liver Disease -- Others -- Macroenzymemia -- Systemic Conditions Associated with Hyperenzymemia -- Familial ; Aggregation and Genetics -- Drug-induced Hyperenzymemia -- Extrapancreatic Abnormalities in Patients with Hyperenzymemia -- Salivary Gland Diseases -- Renal Insufficiency -- Hyperenzymemia and Cancers -- Eating Disorders -- Others -- Benign Pancreatic Hyperenzymemia (Gullo Syndrome) -- Clinical Features -- Physiopathology -- Algorithm for Management of CAPH (Figure 22.2) -- Clinical History and Laboratory Evaluation -- Isolated Hyperamylasemia.; Pancreatic Hyperamylasemia and/or Hyperlipasemia.