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Record Nr. |
UNINA9910481030303321 |
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Autore |
Boyd Claude E |
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Titolo |
Pond Aquaculture Water Quality Management [[electronic resource] /] / by Claude E. Boyd, C.S. Tucker |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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New York, NY : , : Springer US : , : Imprint : Springer, , 1998 |
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ISBN |
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1-4613-7469-3 |
1-4615-5407-1 |
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Edizione |
[1st ed. 1998.] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (XV, 700 p.) |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Aquatic ecology |
Agriculture |
Food—Biotechnology |
Animal ecology |
Freshwater & Marine Ecology |
Food Science |
Animal Ecology |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references and index. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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1. Water Quality and Aquaculture: Preliminary considerations -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. The Role of Pond Aquaculture -- 1.3. Water Quality Restraints -- 1.4. Water Quality Management -- 1.5. Water Quality Measurement -- 1.6. Prospectus -- 3. Water Quality Requirements -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Food Webs and Aquaculture Production -- 2.3. Aquaculture Production in Pond Culture Systems -- 2.4. Phytoplankton Communities -- 2.5. Carbon in Aquaculture Ponds -- 2.6. Nitrogen in Aquaculture Ponds -- 2.7. Phosphorus in Aquaculture Ponds -- 2.8. Fate of Nutrients and Organic Matter -- 2.9. Dissolved Oxygen in Aquaculture Ponds -- 3. Water Quality Requirements -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Aquatic Toxicology -- 3.3. Water Temperature -- 3.4. Salinity -- 3.5. pH -- 3.6. Total Alkalinity -- 3.7. Total Hardness and Calcium -- 3.8. Dissolved Oxygen -- 3.9. Carbon Dioxide -- 3.10. Dissolved Gas Supersaturation -- 3.11. Ammonia -- 3.12. Nitrite -- 3.13. Nitrate -- 3.14. Hydrogen Sulfide -- 3.15. Copper and Other |
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Heavy Metals -- 3.16. Chlorine -- 3.17. Turbidity -- 4. Water Use -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Types of Ponds -- 4.3. Water Budgets -- 4.4. Water Requirement for Aquaculture -- 4.5. Water Exchange -- 4.6. Water Conservation Techniques -- 5. Liming -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Liming Materials -- 5.3. Effects on Water Quality and Fish Production -- 5.4. Identification of Ponds Needing Lime -- 5.5. Soil Characteristics and Liming -- 5.6. Lime Requirement -- 5.7. Liming Practices -- 5.8. Acid Rain -- 6. Fertilization -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Chemical Fertilizers -- 6.3. Manures -- 6.4. Principles of Pond Fertilization -- 6.5. Review of Fertilization Trials -- 6.6. The Practice of Pond Fertilization -- 7. Aeration -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. Aeration and Production -- 7.3. Mechanical Aerators -- 7.4. Gravity Aeration -- 7.5. Aerator Performance -- 7.6. Improved Design for Paddle-Wheel Aerators -- 7.7. Practical Considerations -- 7.8. Predicting Dissolved Oxygen Concentrations -- 8. Water Circulation -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. Temperature and Stratification -- 8.3. Devices for Circulating Pond Water -- 8.4. Measurement of Water Circulation -- 8.5. Effects of Water Circulation -- 9. Turbidity and Appearance of Water -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2. Measurements of the Appearance of Water -- 9.3. Enhancing Turbidity -- 9.4. Sources of Turbidity -- 9.5. Sedimentation in Ponds -- 9.6. Settling Basins and Erosion Control -- 9.7. Turbidity Removal from Pond Waters -- 10. Aquatic Weed Control -- 10.1. Introduction -- 10.2. Common Aquatic Weeds -- 10.3. The Occurrence of Weed Problems -- 10.4. Management of Aquatic Weed Problems -- 10.5. General Pond Management Practices -- 10.6. Biological Control -- 10.7. Chemical Control -- 10.8. Control of Phytoplankton Blooms -- 11. Off-Flavors and Harmful Algae -- 11.1. Introduction -- 11.2. Off-Flavors -- 11.3. Harmful Algae -- 12. Pollution -- 12.1. Introduction -- 12.2. Toxicity Tests -- 12.3. Types of Pollution -- 12.4. Toxicity Investigations -- 12.5. Protection from Pollution -- 13. Chemical, Physical, and Biological Treatments -- 13.1. Introduction -- 13.2. Oxidants -- 13.3. Piscicides -- 13.4. Toxic Metabolites and pH -- 13.5. Therapeutants -- 13.6. Probiotics -- 13.7. Bactericides -- 13.8. Miscellaneous Treatments -- 13.9. Registration of Chemicals -- 13.10. Application of Chemicals to Ponds -- 14. Waste Management -- 14.1. Introduction -- 14.2. Source of Nutrients and Organic Matter -- 14.3. Fate of Nutrients and Organic Matter -- 14.4. Sources of Suspended Solids -- 14.5. Volume of Effluents -- 14.6. Composition of Pond Effluents -- 14.7. Water Quality Improvement through Pond Management -- 14.8. Effluent Treatment -- 14.9. Environmental Effects -- 14.10. Solid Wastes -- 14.11. Effluent Regulations -- 14.12. Best Management Practices -- 15. Measurement of Water Quality -- 15.1. Introduction -- 15.2. Variability of Water Quality -- 15.3. Types of Water Assessment Programs -- 15.4. Guidelines for Sampling Programs -- 15.5. Water Samplers and Sample Storage -- 15.6. Water Analysis Kits and Portable Meters -- 15.7. Data Analysis and Records -- 16. Sustainability and Environmental Issues -- 16.1. Introduction -- 16.2. Environmental Concerns -- 16.3. Food Safety Considerations -- 16.4. Social Concerns -- 16.5. Sustainability -- 16.6. Environmental Impact Assessment -- 16.7. Impact Mitigation -- 16.8. Rehabilitation -- 16.9. Demonstration and Education -- 16.10. Industry Efforts -- References. |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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The efficient and profitable production of fish, crustaceans, and other aquatic organisms in aquaculture depends on a suitable environment in which they can reproduce and grow. Because those organisms live in water, the major environ mental concern within the culture system is water quality. Water supplies for aquaculture systems may naturally be oflow quality or polluted by human activity, but in most instances, the |
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primary reason for water quality impairment is the culture activity itself. Manures, fertilizers, and feeds applied to ponds to enhance production only can be partially converted to animal biomass. Thus, at moderate and high production levels, the inputs of nutrients and organic matter to culture units may exceed the assimilative capacity of the ecosystems. The result is deteriorating water quality which stresses the culture species, and stress leads to poor growth, greater incidence of disease, increased mortality, and low produc tion. Effluents from aquaculture systems can cause pollution of receiving waters, and pollution entering ponds in source water or chemicals added to ponds for management purposes can contaminate aquacultural products. Thus, water quality in aquaculture extends into the arenas of environmental protection and food quality and safety. A considerable body of literature on water quality management in aquaculture has been accumulated over the past 50 years. The first attempt to compile this information was a small book entitled Water Quality in Warmwater Fish Ponds (Boyd I 979a). |
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2. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910455691803321 |
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Autore |
Winterbone D. E |
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Titolo |
Advanced thermodynamics for engineers [[electronic resource] /] / Desmond E. Winterbone |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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New York, : J. Wiley & Sons |
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London, : Arnold, c1997 |
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ISBN |
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1-281-04879-8 |
9786611048792 |
0-08-052336-6 |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (399 p.) |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Thermodynamics |
Heat engineering |
Electronic books. |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Description based upon print version of record. |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references (p. [363]-367) and index. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Front Cover; Advanced Thermodynamics for Engineers; Copyright Page; Contents; Preface; Structure; Symbols; Chapter 1. State of Equilibrium; 1.1 Equilibrium of a thermodynamic system; 1.2 Helmholtz energy (Helmholtz function); 1.3 Gibbs energy (Gibbs function); 1.4 The use and significance of the Helmholtz and Gibbs energies; 1.5 Concluding remarks; Problems; Chapter 2. Availability and Exergy; 2.1 Displacement work; 2.2 Availability; 2.3 Examples; 2.4 Available and non-available energy; 2.5 Irreversibility; 2.6 Graphical representation of available energy and irreversibility |
2.7 Availability balance for a closed system2.8 Availability balance for an open system; 2.9 Exergy; 2.10 The variation of flow exergy for a perfect gas; 2.11 Concluding remarks; Problems; Chapter 3. Pinch Technology; 3.1 A heat transfer network without a pinch problem; 3.2 A heat transfer network with a pinch point; 3.3 Concluding remarks; Problems; Chapter 4. Rational Efficiency of a Powerplant; 4.1 The influence of fuel properties on thermal efficiency; 4.2 Rational efficiency; 4.3 Rankine cycle; 4.4 Examples; 4.5 Concluding remarks; Problems |
Chapter 5. Efficiency of Heat Engines at Maximum Power5.1 Efficiency of an internally reversible heat engine when producing maximum power output; 5.2 Efficiency of combined cycle internally reversible heat engines when producing maximum power output; 5.3 Concluding remarks; Problems; Chapter 6. General Thermodynamic Relationships (single component systems, or systems of constant composition); 6.1 The Maxwell relationships; 6.2 Uses of the thermodynamic relationships; 6.3 Tds relationships; 6.4 Relationships between specific heat capacities; 6.5 The Clausius-Clapeyron equation |
6.6 Concluding remarksProblems; Chapter 7. Equations of State; 7.1 Ideal gas law; 7.2 Van der Waals' equation of state; 7.3 Law of corresponding states; 7.4 Isotherms or isobars in the two-phase region; 7.5 Concluding remarks; Problems; Chapter 8. Liquefaction of Gases; 8.1 Liquefaction by cooling - method (i); 8.2 Liquefaction by expansion - method (ii); 8.3 The Joule-Thomson effect; 8.4 Linde liquefaction plant; 8.5 Inversion point on p-v-T surface for water; 8.6 Concluding remarks; Problems; Chapter 9. Thermodynamic Properties of Ideal Gases and Ideal Gas Mixtures of Constant Composition |
9.1 Molecular weights9.2 State equation for ideal gases; 9.3 Tables of u(T) and h(T) against T; 9.4 Mixtures of ideal gases; 9.5 Entropy of mixtures; 9.6 Concluding remarks; Problems; Chapter 10. Thermodynamics of Combustion; 10.1 Simple chemistry; 10.2 Combustion of simple hydrocarbon fuels; 10.3 Heats of formation and heats of reaction; 10.4 Application of the energy equation to the combustion process - a macroscopic approach; 10.5 Combustion processes; 10.6 Examples; 10.7 Concluding remarks; Problems; Chapter 11. Chemistry of Combustion; 11.1 Bond energies and heats of formation |
11.2 Energy of formation |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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Although the basic theories of thermodynamics are adequately covered by a number of existing texts, there is little literature that addresses more advanced topics. In this comprehensive work the author redresses this balance, drawing on his twenty-five years of experience of teaching thermodynamics at undergraduate and postgraduate level, to produce a definitive text to cover thoroughly, advanced syllabuses.The book introduces the basic concepts which apply over the whole range of new technologies, considering: a new approach to cycles, enabling their irreversibility to be taken into a |
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