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1. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910454767603321 |
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Titolo |
Form and function in language research [[electronic resource] ] : papers in honour of Christian Lehmann / / edited by Johannes Helmbrecht, ... [et al.] |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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New York, NY, : Mouton de Gruyter, 2009 |
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ISBN |
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1-282-29658-2 |
9786612296581 |
3-11-173860-4 |
3-11-021613-2 |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (362 p.) |
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Collana |
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Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs ; ; 210 |
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Classificazione |
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Altri autori (Persone) |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Grammar, Comparative and general - Syntax |
Typology (Linguistics) |
Electronic books. |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Description based upon print version of record. |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references and index. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Frontmatter -- Contents -- Glosses -- Introduction -- A.1 Functional Typologies -- The continuum of pragmaticity: a sketch -- Weighing semantic distinctions in person forms -- Spatial reciprocity: between grammar and lexis -- A chapter in marginal possession: on being six(ty) in Europe (and beyond) -- A.2 Constraints on the Encoding of Concepts -- Thoughts on (im)perfective imperatives -- Animacy and argument hierarchy in conflict: constraints on object-topicalization in Korean -- A.3 Limits of the Exponence of Functions: Zero -- Zero and nothing in Jarawara -- Clause linkage in a language without coordination: the adjoined clause in Iatmul -- B.1 Establishing Categories and Relations -- Once more on linguistic categories -- Questions surrounding the basic notions of the word, lexie, morpheme, and lexeme -- Linguistic typology and language theory: the various faces of syntax -- Linking without grammatical relations in Yucatec: alignment, extraction, and control -- B.2 Formal Typologies -- Areal typology of tone-consonant interaction and implosives in Kwa, Kru, and Southern-Mande -- The internal structure of adpositional phrases -- |
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On the form of complex predicates: toward demystifying serial verbs -- Conjunctive coordination in Amharic: some typological approaches -- Linguistic type and complexity: some remarks -- B.3 Discovering Function in the Identity of Form -- Constituent questions and argument-focus constructions: some data from the North-Caucasian languages -- "A lot of grammar with a good portion of lexicon": towards a typology of partitive and pseudopartitive nominal constructions -- Backmatter |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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Language description enriches linguistic theory and linguistic theory sharpens language description. Based on evidence from the world's languages, functional-typological linguistics has established a number of thorough generalizations about the nature of linguistic categorizations and their manifestation in natural languages. Empirical studies in these fields of linguistics have contributed to sharpen linguistic theory in several respects. This volume is a collection of 19 contributions from outstanding scholars in the field of functional-typological linguistics that address fundamental issues in the study of language, such as the nature of linguistic categories, the constitution of functional domains, and the form of cross-linguistic continua. Empirical data from individual languages and from typological samples are investigated in order to achieve generalizations about the properties of human grammar(s). Several grammatical phenomena are dealt with including tonal systems, person distinctions, modalities, reciprocity, complex predicates, grammatical relations, word order, clause linkage, and information structure. The structure of the book illustrates the fundamental importance of the analytical distinction between the onomasiological and the semasiological approach to language and language diversity. Both perspectives are integrated in most papers with a dominant focus on either the former or the latter perspective. |
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2. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910554241103321 |
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Autore |
Biddle Stephen D. |
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Titolo |
Nonstate warfare : the military methods of guerillas, warlords, and militias / / Stephen Biddle |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Princeton, New Jersey : , : Princeton University Press, , [2021] |
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©2021 |
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ISBN |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (1 online resource) |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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"A Council on Foreign Relations book." |
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Nota di contenuto |
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The fallacy of guerilla warfare -- Materially optimal behavior -- Politically achievable behavior -- Hezbollah in the 2006 Lebanon Campaign -- The Jaish al Mahdi in Iraq, 2003-2008 -- The Somali National Alliance in Somalia, 1992-1994 -- The ZNG, HV, and SVK in the Croatian Wars of Independence, 1991-1995 -- The Vietcong in the Second Indochina War, 1965-1968 -- Conclusion and implications. |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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"Armed nonstate actors have received increasing attention since September 11th, 2001, both from scholars and from policy makers and soldiers--and with this attention has come a vibrant debate about whether nonstate civil warfare and insurgency is the future of war, and if so, how it should be countered. Yet underlying these debates is one crucial shared assumption: that states and nonstate actors fight very differently. Biddle upturns this distinction in How Nonstate Actors Fight, examining actual military methods to show that many nonstate actors now fight more "conventionally" than many states. Rather than a dichotomy, Biddle frames nonstate and state methods along a continuum and presents a systematic theory to explain any given nonstate actor's position on this spectrum. His theory emphasizes how actors' internal politics - especially their institutional maturity and war aims - determine their military choices. In doing so, Biddle bridges to largely opposing groups of scholarship: materialists who assume that material and structural constraints will lead nonstates to prefer irregular warfare, and culturalists who see nonstate warmaking as |
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connected to social norms. Biddle integrates both materialist and cultural considerations into this theory, but emphasizes internal politics as the chief determinant of how any actor will fight. The first four chapters present Biddle's theory, and the next five test is across a range of historical examples, from Lebanon to Iraq to Somalia to Croatia to the Vietcong"-- |
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