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1. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910453551803321 |
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Autore |
Das Subrata Kumar |
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Titolo |
Foundations of decision-making agents [[electronic resource] ] : logic, probability and modality / / Subrata Das |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Singapore ; ; Hackensack, NJ, : World Scientific |
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[London], : Imperial College Press, c2008 |
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ISBN |
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1-281-93816-5 |
9786611938161 |
981-277-984-1 |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (385 p.) |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Intelligent agents (Computer software) |
Artificial intelligence - Computer programs |
Electronic books. |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references (p. 347-353) and index. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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ch. 1. Modeling agent epistemic states: an informal overview. 1.1. Models of agent epistemic states. 1.2. Propositional epistemic model. 1.3. Probabilistic epistemic model. 1.4. Possible world epistemic model. 1.5. Comparisons of models. 1.6. P3 model for decision-making agents -- ch. 2. Mathematical preliminaries. 2.1. Usage of symbols. 2.2. Sets, relations, and functions. 2.3. Graphs and trees. 2.4. Probability. 2.5. Algorithmic complexity -- ch. 3. Classical logics for the propositional epistemic model. 3.1. Propositional logic. 3.2. First-order logic. 3.3. Theorem proving procedure. 3.4. Resolution theorem proving. 3.5. Refutation procedure. 3.6. Complexity analysis -- ch. 4. Logic programming. 4.1. The concept. 4.2. Program clauses and goals. 4.3. Program semantics. 4.4. Definite programs. 4.5. Normal programs. 4.6. Prolog. 4.7. Prolog systems. 4.8. Complexity analysis -- ch. 5. Logical rules for making decisions. 5.1. Evolution of rules. 5.2. Bayesian probability theory for handling uncertainty. 5.3. Dempster-Shafer theory for handling uncertainty. 5.4. Measuring consensus. 5.5. Combining sources of varying confidence. 5.6. Advantages and disadvantages of rule-based systems -- ch. 6. Bayesian belief |
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networks. 6.1. Bayesian belief networks. 6.2. Conditional independence in belief networks. 6.3. Evidence, belief, and likelihood. 6.4. Prior probabilities in networks without evidence. 6.5. Belief revision. 6.6. Evidence propagation in polytrees. 6.7. Evidence propagation in directed acyclic graphs. 6.8. Complexity of inference algorithms. 6.9. Acquisition of probabilities. 6.10. Advantages and disadvantages of belief networks. 6.11. Belief network tools -- ch. 7. Influence diagrams for making decisions. 7.1. Expected utility theory and decision trees. 7.2. Influence diagrams. 7.3. Inferencing in influence diagrams. 7.4. Compilation of influence diagrams. 7.5. Inferencing in strong junction tress -- ch. 8. Modal logics for the possible world epistemic model. 8.1. Historical development of modal logics. 8.2. Systems of modal logic. 8.3. Deductions in modal systems. 8.4. Modality. 8.5. Decidability and matrix method. 8.6. Relationships among modal systems. 8.7. Possible world semantics. 8.8. Soundness and completeness results. 8.9. Complexity and decidability of modal systems. 8.10. Modal first-order logics. 8.11. Resolution in modal first-order logics. 8.12. Modal epistemic logics. 8.13. Logic of agents beliefs (LAB) -- ch. 9. Symbolic argumentation for decision-making. 9.1. Toulmin's model of argumentation. 9.2. Domino decision-making model for P3. 9.3. Knowledge representation syntax of P3. 9.4. Formalization of P3 via LAB. 9.5. Aggregation via Dempster-Shafer theory. 9.6. Aggregation via Bayesian belief networks. |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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This self-contained book provides three fundamental and generic approaches (logical, probabilistic, and modal) to representing and reasoning with agent epistemic states, specifically in the context of decision making. Each of these approaches can be applied to the construction of intelligent software agents for making decisions, thereby creating computational foundations for decision-making agents. In addition, the book introduces a formal integration of the three approaches into a single unified approach that combines the advantages of all the approaches. Finally, the symbolic argumentation approach to decision making developed in this book, combining logic and probability, offers several advantages over the traditional approach to decision making which is based on simple rule-based expert systems or expected utility theory. |
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2. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910697169003321 |
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Autore |
Eckhardt David A |
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Titolo |
Geophysical logs of selected wells at the Diaz Chemical Superfund Site in the Village of Holley, New York, 2009 [[electronic resource] /] / by David A.V. Eckhardt and J. Alton Anderson ; prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Reston, Va. : , : U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, , 2010 |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (iii, 15 pages) : color illustrations |
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Collana |
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Altri autori (Persone) |
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Soggetti |
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Geophysics - New York (State) - Holley |
Volatile organic compounds - New York (State) - Holley |
Groundwater - Pollution - New York (State) - Holley |
Borings - New York (State) - Holley |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Title from PDF title screen (USGS, viewed June 18, 2010). |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references. |
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3. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910132106003321 |
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Autore |
Mucchielli Laurent |
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Titolo |
Les causes du suicide : pathologie individuelle ou sociale? Durkheim, Halbwachs et les psychiatres de leur temps (1830-1930) / / Laurent Mucchielli, Marc Renneville |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Chicoutimi : , : J.-M. Tremblay, , 2006 |
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ISBN |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (57 pages) |
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Collana |
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Classiques des sciences sociales |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Suicide - Sociological aspects |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Résumé -- Introduction -- I. Durkheim, lecteur des théories psychiatriques -- 1. La critique de l'approche médicale du suicide par Durkheim -- 2. Retour sur le débat médical -- 3. Les biais de Durkheim -- II. Le modèle durkheimien d'explication du suicide -- 1. Le rejet de l'analyse des motifs présumés de suicides -- 2. L'individu comme condition et non cause du fait social -- 3. Le tournant du Suicide : la causalité univoque du rapport individu-société -- 4. Une fascination d'époque pour l'influence des phénomènes inconscients -- 5. La typologie des suicides : un artifice ? -- III. L'individuel et le collectif : la solution d'Halbwachs -- 1. Les motifs et les causes : deux points de vue complémentaires pour analyser un seul et même type de suicide -- 2. D'un déterminisme à l'autre : la causalité psychique simple -- 3. Une réfutation empirique de la centralité des cas de psychopathologie -- 4. De la statistique aux situations de vie : la sociologie compréhensive d'Halbwachs -- Conclusion -- Bibliographie. |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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Cet article interroge le rapport individu/société ainsi que le modèle de causalité psychique conçus par Durkheim dans le Suicide, et les met en perspective historique au regard d'une part de l'état des interprétations l'ayant précédé, d'autre part de la relecture critique opérée par Halbwachs en 1930. Nous revenons d'abord en détail sur la façon dont Durkheim écarte les thèses psychiatriques qui, selon lui, expliquent un fait social par des pathologies individuelles. Nous montrons ensuite |
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que la construction durkheimienne implique le rejet de l'analyse des motifs individuels pour les remplacer par une autre interprétation psychologique fondée sur l'existence de mécanismes inconscients socialement déterminés. Au passage, nous soulignons que cette construction théorique rencontre quelques difficultés dans la confrontation avec les données empiriques de l'époque, et qu'elle amène en définitive à s'interroger sur le bien fondé de la typologie durkheimienne des suicides. Enfin, nous examinons la façon dont, plus de trente ans après, Halbwachs parvient largement à résoudre ces difficultés en abandonnant les postulats théoriques que Durkheim avait placés au coeur de l'analyse sociologique. |
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