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1. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910453446003321 |
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Autore |
Baumol William J. |
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Titolo |
The Free-Market Innovation Machine : Analyzing the Growth Miracle of Capitalism / / William J. Baumol |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Princeton, NJ : , : Princeton University Press, , [2014] |
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©2002 |
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ISBN |
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Edizione |
[Course Book] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (596 p.) |
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Classificazione |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Capitalism |
Economic development |
Technological innovations -- Economic aspects |
Electronic books. |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Description based upon print version of record. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Frontmatter -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- CHAPTER 1. Introduction: The Engine of Free-Market Growth -- PART I. THE CAPITALIST GROWTH MECHANISM -- CHAPTER 2. The "Somewhat Optimal" Attributes of Capitalist Growth: Oligopolistic Competition and Routinization of Innovation -- CHAPTER 3. Oligopolistic Rivalry and Routinization to Reduce Uncertainty -- CHAPTER 4. Oligopolistic Rivalry and Routine Innovation Spending: Theory of the Engine of Unprecedented Capitalist Growth -- CHAPTER 5. Independent Innovation in History: Productive Entrepreneurship and the Rule of Law -- CHAPTER 6. Voluntary Dissemination of Proprietary Technology: Private Profit, Social Gain -- CHAPTER 7. Oligopolistic Rivalry and Markets for Technology Trading -- CHAPTER 8 Tradeoff: Innovation Incentives versus Benefits to Others (Distributive Externalities) -- PART II. INTEGRATION OF INNOVATION INTO THE MAINSTREAM OF MICROTHEORY -- CHAPTER 9. Oligopolistic Competition, Pricing, and Recoupment of Innovation Outlays -- CHAPTER 10. Microeconomic Theory of Industrial Organization in the "Innovation-Machine" Economy -- CHAPTER 11. Recouping Innovation |
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Outlays and Pricing Its Products: Continued -- CHAPTER 12. Models of Optimal Timing of Innovation -- CHAPTER 13. Licensing for Profit: Efficiency Implications -- PART III. ON THE MACRODYNAMICS OF CAPITALISM -- CHAPTER 14. Capitalism's Unique Innovation Machine: Historical Evidence -- CHAPTER 15. Macroeconomic Models and Relationships That May Limit Growth -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- INDEX |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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Why has capitalism produced economic growth that so vastly dwarfs the growth record of other economic systems, past and present? Why have living standards in countries from America to Germany to Japan risen exponentially over the past century? William Baumol rejects the conventional view that capitalism benefits society through price competition--that is, products and services become less costly as firms vie for consumers. Where most others have seen this as the driving force behind growth, he sees something different--a compound of systematic innovation activity within the firm, an arms race in which no firm in an innovating industry dares to fall behind the others in new products and processes, and inter-firm collaboration in the creation and use of innovations. While giving price competition due credit, Baumol stresses that large firms use innovation as a prime competitive weapon. However, as he explains it, firms do not wish to risk too much innovation, because it is costly, and can be made obsolete by rival innovation. So firms have split the difference through the sale of technology licenses and participation in technology-sharing compacts that pay huge dividends to the economy as a whole--and thereby made innovation a routine feature of economic life. This process, in Baumol's view, accounts for the unparalleled growth of modern capitalist economies. Drawing on extensive research and years of consulting work for many large global firms, Baumol shows in this original work that the capitalist growth process, at least in societies where the rule of law prevails, comes far closer to the requirements of economic efficiency than is typically understood. Resounding with rare intellectual force, this book marks a milestone in the comprehension of the accomplishments of our free-market economic system--a new understanding that, suggests the author, promises to benefit many countries that lack the advantages of this immense innovation machine. |
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2. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910787943003321 |
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Autore |
Ramey Lynn Tarte <1964-> |
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Titolo |
Black legacies : race and the European Middle Ages / / Lynn T. Ramey |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Gainesville, Florida : , : University Press of Florida, , 2014 |
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©2014 |
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ISBN |
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0-8130-5047-2 |
0-8130-5504-0 |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (191 p.) |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Black people - Europe - History |
Intercultural communication - Europe - History - To 1500 |
Social history - Medieval, 500-1500 |
Civilization, Medieval - African influences |
Europe Race relations |
Europe Ethnic relations |
Europa |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Description based upon print version of record. |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references and index. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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""Cover""; ""Black Legacies""; ""Title""; ""Copyright""; ""Dedication""; ""Contents""; ""List of Figures""; ""Acknowledgments""; ""Introduction""; ""1. Remaking the Middle Ages""; ""2. Medieval Race?""; ""3. Biblical Race""; ""4. Medieval Miscegenation and the Literary Imagination""; ""5. Mapping the Monstrous: Humanness in the Age of Discovery""; ""6. Conclusions: Medieval Race and the “Golden Age�""; ""Notes""; ""Bibliography""; ""Index"" |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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Black Legacies looks at color-based prejudice in medieval and modern texts in order to reveal key similarities. Bringing far-removed time periods into startling conversation, this book argues that certain attitudes and practices present in Europe's Middle Ages were foundational in the development of the western concept of race. Using historical, literary, and artistic sources, Lynn Ramey shows that twelfth- and thirteenth-century discourse was preoccupied with skin color and the coding of black as "evil" and white as "good." Ramey demonstrates |
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that fears of miscegenation show up in all medie |
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3. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910960835603321 |
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Titolo |
Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe : : 2013 Article IV Consultation and Second Review Under the Extended Credit Facility Arrangement; Staff Report; Informational Annex; Debt Sustainability Analysis; Press Release on the Executive Board Discussion; and Statement by the Executive Director for São Tomé and Príncipe |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Washington, D.C. : , : International Monetary Fund, , 2014 |
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ISBN |
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9781475514483 |
1475514484 |
9781475555936 |
1475555938 |
9781475556094 |
1475556098 |
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Edizione |
[1st ed.] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (134 p.) |
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Collana |
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IMF Staff Country Reports |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Finance, Public - Sao Tome and Principe |
Banks and Banking |
Investments: Energy |
Exports and Imports |
Public Finance |
Statistics |
Macroeconomics |
Banks |
Depository Institutions |
Micro Finance Institutions |
Mortgages |
International Lending and Debt Problems |
Debt |
Debt Management |
Sovereign Debt |
Monetary Policy |
Energy: General |
Banking |
International economics |
Public finance & taxation |
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Investment & securities |
Finance |
Commercial banks |
Public debt |
External debt |
International reserves |
Financial institutions |
Central banks |
Oil |
Commodities |
Banks and banking |
Debts, External |
Debts, Public |
Foreign exchange reserves |
Petroleum industry and trade |
São Tomé and Príncipe, Democratic Republic of |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Description based upon print version of record. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Cover; CONTENTS; CONTEXT; RECENT ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS; PERFORMANCE UNDER THE ECF-SUPPORTED PROGRAM; POLICIES IN THE NEAR- AND MEDIUM-TERM; A. Strengthening Public Finances; B. Financial Sector Diagnostic; C. Enhancing Liquidity Management, Financial Stability and Safeguards; D. External Balance Assessment; E. Improving the Business Climate and International Competitiveness; F. Strengthening the Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism (AML/CFT) Framework; STRENGTHENING THE STATISTICAL SYSTEM; PROGRAM MONITORING AND SAFEGUARDS; STAFF APPRAISAL; BOXES; 1. PRSP-II |
2. Oil Production Prospects3. Main Recommendations of the 2011 Article IV Consultation and their Current Status; 4. Risk Assessment Matrix for São Tomé and Príncipe; FIGURES; 1. Recent Macroeconomic Developments; 2. Fiscal Indicators, 2005-12; 3. Money and Credit Developments, 2005-12; 4. External Sector 2005-12; TABLES; 1. Selected Economic Indicators, 2010-18; 2. Financial Operations of the Central Government, 2010-18 (Billions of dobra); 3. Financial Operations of the Central Government, 2010-18 (Percent of GDP); 4. Summary Accounts of the Central Bank, 2010-18; 5. Monetary Survey, 2010-18 |
6. Financial Soundness Indicators, 2008-137. Balance of Payments, 2010-18 (Millions of U.S. dollars); 8. Balance of Payments, 2010-18 (Percent of GDP); 9. External Financing Requirements and Sources, 2010-18; 10. Millennium Development Goals; 11. Schedule of Disbursements Under the ECF Arrangement, 2012-15; APPENDIXES; I. Letter of Intent; ATTACHMENTS; 1. Memorandum of Economic and Financial Policies for 2013 and 2014; 2. Technical Memorandum of Understanding; II. External Balance Assessment; III. Financial Sector Diagnostics; CONTENTS; RELATIONS WITH THE FUND |
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RELATIONS WITH THE WORLD BANK GROUPRELATIONS WITH THE AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK GROUP; STATISTICAL ISSUES |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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This Information Annex highlights that the World Bank and the IMF are providing complementary support to help São Tomé and Príncipe strengthen public financial management and make progress toward debt sustainability. The World Bank’s work program is guided by an Interim Strategy Note approved in 2011 that focuses on accelerating sustainable and broad-based economic growth and on strengthening governance, public institutions, and human capital. A new Country Assistance Strategy for 2013–16 will be completed in 2014, following the recent completion of a Joint Staff Assessment Note on the country’s second National Poverty Reduction Strategy. Regarding debt sustainability, the World Bank and the IMF teams prepared a Joint IMF–World Bank Debt Sustainability Analysis update in 2012. |
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