From rigorous standards to student achievement : a practical process / / Michael D. Rettig. [et al.]

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910452802303321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: New York ; ; London : , : Routledge, , 2004, 2013
• ISBN: 1-138-43567-8; 1-317-91936-X; 1-315-85266-7; 1-317-91937-8
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (161 p.)
• Collana: An eye on education book
• Altri autori (Persone): RettigMichael D. <1950->
• Disciplina: 379.1/58
• Soggetti: Education - Standards - United States; Academic achievement - United States; Educational accountability - United States; Electronic books.
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: "Pacing guides, formative assessment, staffing meetings, instructional interventions"--cover.; First published 2004 by Eye On Education.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references (page 146).
• Nota di contenuto: Cover ; Title Page; Copyright Page; Dedication; Table of Contents; About the Authors; 1 Introduction and Overview; School Principal; Central Office Administrator; Teacher; A Model for School Improvement; 2 Creating Pacing Guides: The Curriculum Component; What is a Pacing Guide?; Pacing Guides: The Curriculum Component; Pacing Guides: The Assessment Component; Pacing Guides: The Instructional Component; Who Is Involved in the Process of Creating Pacing Guides?; When and Where are Pacing Guides Developed?; Summer Workshop Development; How is the Process of Creating Pacing Guides Led and Managed?Taking Charge of the Process; Finding the Time; Training and Examples; Clerical Support; Materials; Data; Feedback; Follow-Through; Permission to Fail; Perspective; 3 Creating Pacing Guides: The Assessment Component; Why Include Assessment Plans in a Pacing Guide?; Aligning Teaching and Learning; Data for Decision Making; ; What are the Sources of Assessment Information?; Mandated State or District Tests; Classroom Assessments; Putting It All Together; How are Assessments Described on the Pacing Guide?; Providing Specific Assessment InformationWhere in the Pacing Guide Should Assessments Be Included?; What Assessments Should Be Included in the Pacing Guide?; Assessment of Essential Skills; Assessment of Unit Goals; Mid-Unit Checkpoints; How Can Classroom Assessments Be Designed to Provide Meaningful Information?; Begin with Clear Criteria; Choose the Right Assessment Tool; Plan Classroom Instruction that Supports Success on the Assessment; Work in Collaborative Groups to Design Common Assessment Tools; How Can Teachers Use Assessment Information?; Monitoring and Adjusting Instruction During the School YearReviewing and Assessing Pacing at the End of the Year; Providing Feedback to Students and Parents; Creating a Schoolwide Focus on Learning; Predicting Student Performance on Future Assessments; Tracking the Progress of Students over Time; Informing the School Improvement Process; Providing Accountability Information that Goes Beyond Standardized Tests; 4 Using Staffing Meetings to Monitor and Adjust Instruction; Why are Staffing Meetings Important?; How are Staffing Meetings Organized?; Planning; Participants; Scheduling; Materials; MinutesWhat Takes Place During Staffing Meetings?; Follow-up on Previous Recommendations; Review Formative Assessment Data; Review Progress of Instructional Pacing; Identify Individuals or Small Groups of Students Who are not Progressing Sufficiently and Plan Instructional Interventions; Follow-up; How Do Staffing Meetings Change as the Year Progresses?; How Can Potential Roadblocks Be Anticipated and Overcome?; Teachers' Ability and Experience Working in Teams; Attention to the Process by the Principal; Availability of Appropriate Intervention Resources; Opportunities to Communicate Across Departments and Grade Levels
• Sommario/riassunto: This book showcases strategies which support teachers and principals as they implement high standards for students. At the same time, it demonstrates how to meet the needs of diverse learners.

Purines as transmitter molecules : electrophysiological studies on purinergic signalling in different cell systems / / Elisabetta Coppi

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910774883603321
• Autore: Coppi Elisabetta
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Firenze : , : Firenze University Press, , [2008]; ©2008
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (192 pages) : illustrations; digital, PDF file(s)
• Collana: Premio FUP. Tesi di dottorato ; ; 1
• Disciplina: 612.39
• Soggetti: Purines - Receptors
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references.
• Nota di contenuto: Abbreviations -- Introduction -- 1. Historical overview -- 2. Synthesis, release and catabolism of ATP -- 2.1 Vesicular release of ATP -- 2.2 Anion channel-mediated release of ATP -- 2.3 Connexin hemichannel-mediated ATP release -- 3. Synthesis, release and catabolism of adenosine -- 3.1 Adenosine release -- 3.2 Synthesis of adenosine at extracellular level -- Purinergic receptors -- 1. P1 receptors -- 2. Pharmacology of P1 receptors -- 3. Distribution of P1 receptors -- 3.1 Central Nervous System (CNS) -- 4. P2 receptors -- 5. P2X receptors -- 6. Pharmacology of P2X receptors -- 6.1 Agonists -- 6.2 Antagonists -- 7. P2Y receptors -- 8. Pharmacology of P2Y receptors -- 8.1 Agonists -- 8.2 Antagonists -- 9. Distribution of P2 receptors -- 9.1 Neuronal localization of P2X receptors -- 9.2 Neuronal localization of P2Y receptors -- Effects of extracellular purines -- 1. Role of P1 receptors -- 1.1 P1 receptors and neurotransmission -- 1.1 P1 receptors and cerebral ischemia -- 2. Anoxic depolarization -- 3. Role of P2 receptors -- 3.1 P2 receptors and neurotransmission -- 3.2 P2 receptors and cerebral ischemia -- 3.3 P2 receptors and trophic effects -- Aim of the study -- Materials and methods -- 1. Extracellular recordings -- 1.1 Acute rat hippocampal slices preparation -- 1.2 Experimental procedure -- 1.3 Protocols used -- 1.4 OGD conditions -- 2. Patch clamp recordings -- 3. Cell cultures -- 4. Solutions -- 5. Patch pipettes fabrication -- 6. Experimental procedures -- 7. Voltage clamp protocols -- 8. Current clamp experiments -- 9. Measurement ; of ATP release from hMSCs -- 10. Chemicals -- 11. Statistical analysis -- RESULTS. Section 1 ROLE OF PURINES IN CA1 HIPPOCAMPAL NEUROTRANSMISSION UNDER NORMOXIC CONDITIONS AND DURING OGD. EXTRACELLULAR RECORDINGS FROM RAT HIPPOCAMPAL SLICES -- Chapter 1 Role of A3 adenosine receptors during OGD -- 1. Historical background -- 2. Results -- 2.1 Experiments were performed on a total of 219 slices taken from 133 rats -- 3. Discussion -- 3.1 Role of adenosine receptor antagonists in depression and disruption of CA1 hippocampal excitatory synaptic transmission during in vitro ischemia -- 3.2 Therapeutic implications for the protective role of adenosine A3 receptor antagonists during prolonged ischemic conditions -- 3.3 Role of adenosine receptor agonists in depression and disruption of CA1 hippocampal excitatory synaptic transmission during in vitro ischemia -- 3.5 Conclusions -- Chapter 2 Role of P2 purinergic receptors on hippocampal CA1 neurotransmission under normoxic conditions and during OGD -- 1. Historical background -- 2. Results -- 2.1 Effects of ATP on CA1 hippocampal neurotransmission -- 2.2 Effects of ATP?S on CA1 hippocampal neurotransmission -- 2.3 Effects of ATP and ATP?S on PPF in the CA1 region of rat hippocampus -- 2.4 Effects of different purinergic antagonists on OGD-evoked disruption of neurotransmission in the CA1 region of rat hippocampal slices -- 3. Discussion -- 3.1 Role of P2 receptors in hippocampal neurotransmission under normoxic conditions -- 3.2 Role of P2 receptors in hippocampal neurotransmission during OGD -- 3.3 Conclusions -- RESULTS. Section 2 -- STUDIES ON P2 RECEPTOR MODULATION OF MEMBRANE IONIC CURRENTS BY PATCH CLAMP RECORDINGS -- Chapter 3 Role of P2Y1 receptor stimulation in medium spiny neurons of rat striatal slices -- 1. Historical background -- 2. Results -- 2.1 P2Y1 receptor activation increases the outward currents elicited by a voltage ramp depolarization in striatal medium spiny neurons -- 2.2 Characterization of the P2Y1 -activated conductance in striatal medium spiny neurones -- 2.3 Single channel recordings show SK potassium channel opening following P2Y1 receptor activation -- 2.4 2MeS-ADP decreases the firing rate of medium spiny neurons recorded under the current-clamp mode in striatal slices -- 2.5 Spontaneous miniature synaptic currents are increased in amplitude during the application of 2meS-ADP -- 3. Discussion -- Chapter 4 Role of purine nucleotides in cultured hMSCs: release of ATP and activation of P2 receptors -- 1. Historical background -- 2. Results -- 2.1 Electrophysiological experiments -- 2.2 Effects of exogenous ATP in potassium-free conditions -- 2.3 Effects of ATP in hMSCs in the perforated patch-clamp configuration -- 3. Discussion -- 3.1 Conclusion -- Chapter 5 Pharmacological characterization of the recently deorphanized GPR17 receptor transfected in 1321N1 astrocytoma cells -- 1. Historical background -- 2. Results -- 2.1 Exogenously applied UDP-glucose and UDP-galactose activate outward potassium currents in 1321N1 astrocytoma cell stably transfected with GPR17 -- 2.2 GPR17 receptor, stably transfected1321N1 astrocytoma cells, is also sensitive to leukotriene-related compounds -- 3. Discussion -- Final remarks -- References.
• Sommario/riassunto: Purinergic nucleotides and nucleosides (ATP, ADP, AMP and adenosine) are essential intracellular metabolites involved in a number of cellular processes, from energy supply to protein phosphorylation. However, in the last years, several studies demonstrated their involvement in cell signalling by the activation of specific membrane receptors (P1 and P2) and their role as neurotransmitters began to be investigated. The present work was aimed to clarify the effects of purinergic neurotransmission in different cell systems by using ; electrophysiological techniques. Relevant results of this research include the observation that P1 and P2 receptors play a deleterious role during "in vitro" ischemia in the rat brain, and the first demonstration of P2 receptor expression and function in a line of adult human mesenchymal stem cells.