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1. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910449675403321 |
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Titolo |
Collaborative digitization programs [[electronic resource] /] / Theme editor: Ken Middleton |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Bradford, England, : Emerald Group Publishing, c2005 |
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ISBN |
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1-280-50908-2 |
9786610509089 |
1-84544-334-9 |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (159 p.) |
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Collana |
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Library hi tech ; ; v.23, no. 2 |
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Altri autori (Persone) |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Libraries - Automation |
Library science - Technological innovations |
Electronic books. |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Description based upon print version of record. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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CONTENTS; EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD; Collaborative digitization programs: a multifaceted approach to sustainability; Development of a portal to Texas history; Meeting metadata challenges in the consortial environment; Ohio Memory Online Scrapbook: creating a statewide digital library; Educating future digitizers; Empowerment for digitization: lessons learned from The Making of Modern Michigan; Aggregating distributed digital collections in the Mountain West Digital Library with the CONTENTdmTM multi-site server; AlabamaMosaic: sharing Alabama history online |
The Columbia River Basin Ethnic History ArchiveAccessibility and usability of online library databases; The evolution of electronic reference sources |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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Statewide and regional digitization programs in the USA offer cultural heritageinstitutions (archives, libraries, and museums) a viable option for digitizing theircollections (e.g. photographs, diaries, oral histories, museum objects). Thesecollaborative programs may provide training in digital imaging and metadatastandards, access to scanning equipment, and software tools that streamline thecreation of metadata records. |
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2. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910460165303321 |
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Titolo |
Energy subsidies in Latin America and the Caribbean : stocktaking and policy challenges / / Gabriel Di Bella [and five others] ; authorized for distribution by Adrienne Cheasty |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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[Washington, District of Columbia] : , : International Monetary Fund, , 2015 |
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©2015 |
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ISBN |
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1-61635-822-X |
1-4983-7991-5 |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (80 p.) |
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Collana |
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IMF Working Paper ; ; WP/15/30 |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Natural resources - Latin America |
Energy industries - Latin America |
Fiscal policy - Latin America |
Government business enterprises - Latin America |
Natural resources - Caribbean Area |
Electronic books. |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Description based upon print version of record. |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Cover; Contents; Executive Summary; I. Introduction; Figures; 1. Energy Subsidies: A Global Perspective (Percent of GDP); II. Taking Stock of Energy Subsidies in LAC countries; Tables; 1. Pre-tax Energy Subsidies (Percent of GDP, average 2011-13); 2. Pre-tax Energy Subsidies (Percent of GDP, average 2011-13; 2. Energy Subsidies and Economic Size (Average 2011-13); A. Fuel Subsidies in LAC; 3. Fuel Subsidies and Energy Richness (Average 2011-13); 4.Gasoline and Diesel Prices Including Taxes; 3. Selected Fuel Price Practices and Financing Regimes in LAC; B. Electricity Subsidies in LAC |
4. Selected Electricity Price Practices and Financing Regimes in LACIII. Policy Challenges for LAC Arising from Energy Subsidies; A. Fiscal Costs; 5. Electricity Subsidies and Measures of Electricity Performance (Average 2011-13); 6. Energy Subsidies and Fiscal Deficits (Percent of GDP, Average 2011-13); B. Fiscal Transparency; 7. Energy Subsidies |
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and Fiscal Revenues (Average 2011-13); C. The Energy Value Chain, SOEs, and Competitiveness; 8. Gasoline and Diesel Prices Net of Taxes; D. External Vulnerabilities; 9. Current Account and Oil Trade Balances |
E. Household Welfare and Income Distribution10. Energy Subsidies and Fiscal Spending (Average 2011-13); F. Environmental and other Negative Externalities; IV. How and When to Reform Subsidy Policy? Experience from LAC countries; 11. Fuel Taxation and Negative Externalities (Current Excise Minus Corrective Tax, US/Liter, 2010); A. How to Rationalize Subsidies?; B. When to Rationalize Subsidies?; Annexes; I: Country Groupings; II: Data Sources; III: A Summary of Energy Policies in LAC countries; Boxes; 1. Measuring Fuel Subsidies by the Price-Gap Approach; 2. Measuring Electricity Subsidies |
3. Energy Subsidies and Country Characteristics4. The Petrocaribe Arrangement; References |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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The oil price decline creates an opportunity to dismantle energy subsidies, which escalatedwith high oil prices. This paper assesses energy subsidies in Latin America and theCaribbean-about 1.8 percent of GDP in 2011-13 (approximately evenly split betweenfuel and electricity), and about 3.8 percent of GDP including negative externalities.Countries with poorer institutions subsidize more. Energy-rich countries subsidize fuelmore, but low-income countries are more likely to subsidize electricity, as are CentralAmerica and the Caribbean. Energy subsidies impose fiscal costs, hurting SOEs,competit |
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