Cultural severance and the environment : the ending of traditional and customary practice of commons and landscapes managed in common / / Ian D. Rotherham, editor

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910437950303321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Dordrecht ; ; New York, : Springer, c2013
• ISBN: 94-007-6159-7
• Edizione: [1st ed. 2013.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (435 p.)
• Collana: Environmental history ; ; vol. 2
• Altri autori (Persone): RotherhamIan D
• Disciplina: 577
• Soggetti: Landscape ecology; Landscape changes
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Part 1: Setting the Scene on Cultural Severance and its Implications -- 1. Cultural Landscapes and Problems Associated with the Loss of Tradition and Custom: an introduction and overview -- 2. Cultural Severance and the End of Tradition -- 3. Globalism and the Enclosure of the Landscape Commons -- 4. A Natural Origin of the Commons: Interactions of People, Animals and Invisible Biodiversity -- Part 2: Case Studies of Cultural Landscapes from Around the World -- 5. Valorising the European rural landscape: the case of the Italian national register of historical rural landscapes -- 6. Severance of Traditional Grazing Landscape in the Himalayas: Commons and Ecosystems in Crisis? -- 7. Early Wood Commons and Beyond -- 8. What, How, and Why? Collecting Traditional Knowledge on Forest Uses in Switzerland -- 9. The History of Utilization and Management of Commons and Consequences of Current Social Change in the Alpine Region of Austria -- 10. Guided Pollards and the Basque Woodland during the Early Modern Ages -- 11. The Evolution of Forest Landscapes in Spain’s Central Mountain Range: Different Forests for Different Traditional Uses -- 12. Of Commoners and Kings -- 13. The cultural landscape of royal hunting gardens from the fifteenth to the sixteenth century in Białowieża Primeval Forest -- 14. The End of Common Uses and Traditional Management in a Central European Wood -- Part 3: The History and Use of Landscape Commons -- 15. ‘A very fair field ; indeed…’: an Archaeology of the Common Lands of English Towns -- 16. From Pasture Woodland, via Deer Park and Common, to Cultural Severance – a Case Study of the Commons of Ashampstead, Berkshire -- 17. Changing Cornish Commons -- 18. The Commons of the Ancient Parish of Sheffield -- 19. Traditional Uses, Destruction, Survival and Restoration of Common Land: a South Yorkshire Perspective -- 20. Abandoned Landscapes of Former German Settlement in the Czech Republic and in Slovenia -- 21. Land management and Biodiversity through Time in Upper Ribblesdale, North Yorkshire, UK: Understanding the Impact of Traditional Management -- 22. Policing the Commons in the Vale of York, c.1550 - c.1850 -- 23. The Parliamentary Enclosure of Upland Commons in North-west England: Economic, Social and Cultural Impacts -- Part 4: Issues and Approaches for Future Commons & Cultural Landscapes -- 24. Biodiversity Conservation and the Traditional Management of Common Land: the Case of the New Forest -- 25. Looking Back to the Future: ancient, working pollards and Europe’s silvo-pastoral systems -- 26. Promoting Stewardship of New Commons: Lessons from Wake Nature Partnership -- 27. End of Tradition, Reworking of Custom: Re-assembling Satoyama Woodlands on Tokyo’s Urban Fringe -- 28. New Commons for Old: Inspiring New Cultural Traditions -- 29. Community Grassland Conservation on a Former Common in the Wye Valley, England -- 30. Upland Wood Pastures -- Part 5: Conclusions & Overview: the Implications of Severance for Future Landscapes -- 31. Concluding Thoughts on the Implications of Cultural Severance on Landscapes, Ecology and People.
• Sommario/riassunto: A standpoint of many of the contributions is that it is important or even vital to understand the past, our history, if we are to address effectively future environmental challenges. Often, this is not the case, since the environment and nature, are treated as ‘natural’ rather than eco-cultural. Issues of common ownership and rights to natural resources present major challenges in the contemporary global world and the market forces of capital driven economics. Yet the long-term consequences, of the separation or severance of people from nature, are tangible and potentially disastrous at many levels. However, most contemporary actions towards conservation and sustainability fail to address this fundamental relationship between communities and local environments. This reflects perhaps, the ethos of Hardin’s 1960s ‘Tragedy of the commons’ and from this perspective the chapters in this volume challenge such precepts and assumptions and through this, raise new and critical paradigms. In recent years, researchers have turned their attention to issues of landscape change and the eco-cultural nature of the environment. Combined with the impacts and effects of cultural severance, the break between local people and their environmental resources, the cultural nature of landscape is now better understood. However, the implicit importance and significance for conservation of biodiversity, of heritage and consequently for activities such as tourism, are only just receiving wider recognition. The implications of widespread landscape abandonment, rural depopulation, urbanisation, and severance, are dramatic and sometimes stark, with wildfires raging, ecology often in free-fall, and local communities and their traditions displaced. A first step with all these landscapes is to recognise both the important sites and the critical issues. Then, appropriate protection and conservation must be determined and applied. Finally, there is the potential to develop new and extended commons as part of a landscape approach to future conservation. However, the cultural past, together now with issues of cultural severance, present enormous challenges for the integration of ; this knowledge into visions of future sustainable landscapes. Not least of these challenges is the loss of indigenous cultural and traditional knowledge, without which, much future conservation action is jeopardised. This book is intended to raise awareness, to stimulate further discuss, debate and research, and to then turn dialogue into action.

The social impact of AIDS in the United States / / Panel on Monitoring the Social Impact of the AIDS Epidemic ; Committee on AIDS Research and the Behavioral, Social, and Statistical Sciences, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910970051103321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1993
• ISBN: 9786610203451; 9781280203459; 1280203455; 9780309583862; 0309583861; 9780585024134; 0585024138
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (xi, 322 pages) : illustrations
• Disciplina: 362.1/969792/00973
• Soggetti: AIDS (Disease) - Social aspects - United States; Social problems; Social medicine; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Public Policy; Social Medicine; Social Problems; Sociology, Medical; United States
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: THE SOCIAL IMPACT OF AIDS IN THE UNITED STATES -- Copyright -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- 1 Introduction and Summary -- EPIDEMICS, IMPACTS, AND RESPONSES -- GENERAL FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS -- SPECIFIC FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS -- Public Health -- Health Care -- Clinical Research and Drug Regulation -- Voluntary and Community-Based Organizations -- Religion and Religious Groups -- Correctional Systems -- Public Policies on Children and Families -- New York City -- TECHNICAL NOTE -- REFERENCES -- 2 The Practice of Public Health -- HISTORICAL APPROACHES TO DISEASE CONTROL AND "EXCEPTIONALISM -- HIV TESTING -- REPORTING AND CONTACT TRACING -- Reporting Cases of AIDS and HIV Infection -- Partner Notification and Contact Tracing -- Confidentiality Versus the Physician's "Duty to Warn -- QUARANTINE, ISOLATION, AND CRIMINAL PROSECUTION -- Use of Quarantine Statutes -- Use of Criminal Statutes -- STATE AND LOCAL PUBLIC HEALTH PRACTICE -- Infectious Disease Epidemiology -- Clinical Services -- Planning and Financing Care -- CONCLUSIONS -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- 3 Health Care Delivery and Financing -- THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM AS A SERVICE PROVIDER -- Challenges for Traditional Health Care Delivery -- Organization of HIV/AIDS Care -- Hospital Care -- Out-of-Hospital Care -- Connections with Community-Based Services -- THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM AS EMPLOYER -- Recruiting and Training Providers -- Physicians -- Nurses -- Confronting Occupational Risks -- HIV-Infected Practitioners and Risks to Patients -- The Burden of Caring for AIDS Patients -- The Influence of Prejudice -- Defining the Scope of Professional Obligation -- THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM AS A MARKET -- HEALTH CARE FINANCING -- CONCLUSIONS -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- 4 Clinical Research and Drug Regulation -- HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE1 -- Randomized Clinical Trials.; The Food and Drug Administration and the Politics of Drug Regulation -- Protecting Human Research Subjects -- Patient Advocacy and Activism -- THE FIRST DECADE OF AIDS -- The Emergence of AZT -- The Rise of Advocacy -- The Integration of Activists in the Clinical Trials Process -- CURRENT ISSUES AND PRACTICES -- Drugs and Alternative Therapies -- Who Performs Clinical Trials -- The Design of Clinical Trials and Access to Them -- Children -- Women -- Dissemination of Information -- Peer-Reviewed Reporting of Clinical Research -- Non-Peer-Reviewed Publications -- Science and Health Reporting in the Mass Media -- CONCLUSIONS -- NOTE -- REFERENCES -- 5 Religion and Religious Groups -- RELIGIOUS DOCTRINES AND TRADITIONS -- The Nature of Religion -- Religion in the United States -- Religion and Epidemic Disease -- SEXUALITY -- EARLY RESPONSE TO THE EPIDEMIC -- Official and Unofficial Response of Clergy and Lay People -- Isolation of Homosexuals from Religious Communities -- A Changing Climate of Views and Actions -- OFFICIAL STATEMENTS AND LOCAL ACTIVITIES -- African American Churches -- Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints -- Evangelical Lutheran Church -- Judaism -- Presbyterian Church, U.S.A. -- Roman Catholic Church -- United Methodist Church -- Activities in Local Congregations -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 6 Voluntary and Community-Based Organizations -- THE ORIGINS OF COMMUNITY-BASED SERVICE ORGANIZATIONS -- WHO VOLUNTEERS AND WHY -- VOLUNTEERS AND WHAT THEY CONTRIBUTE -- THE RISE OF ADVOCACY -- VOLUNTEERS AND COMMUNITY-BASED ORGANIZATIONS IN THE SECOND DECADE -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- 7 Correctional Systems -- WHO ARE ; THE PRISONERS -- THE BURDEN OF HIV DISEASE IN PRISONS -- Testing and Screening Controversies -- Transmission Within Prisons -- HIV Education and Prevention -- Housing and Segregation -- Visitation Policies.; MEDICAL TREATMENT -- Prisoners' Health and Access to Care -- Access to Experimental Treatments -- TRANSFER AND RELEASE CONCERNS -- CONCLUSIONS -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- 8 Public Policies on Children and Families -- NEWBORNS AND CHILDREN -- Resources and Special Programs -- New York City -- Miami -- Anomalies in the Allocation of Resources -- Anomalies in Policies Regarding HIV Testing and Medical Decisions -- LEGAL RECOGNITION OF UNMARRIED COUPLE RELATIONSHIPS -- San Francisco -- The Early Years -- The 1990 Election -- New York City -- Succession Rights Before the Epidemic -- Succession Rights in the Context of AIDS -- Impact of the Braschi Decision -- CONCLUSIONS -- Newborns and Children -- Recognition of Unmarried Couple Relationships -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- 9 The HIV/AIDS Epidemic in New York City -- COURSE OF THE EPIDEMIC -- Current Situation -- Localization of the Epidemic -- Predicting the Future of the Epidemic -- THE TWO EPIDEMICS -- Epidemic #1: Men Who Have Sex with Men -- Evolution of the Gay and Lesbian Community -- Initial Response to the Epidemic -- Evolution and Role of Volunteer Organizations -- Men Outside Identified Gay Communities -- Individual Impacts: Discrimination and Impoverishment -- Epidemic #2: Drug Users -- PUBLIC HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE -- Public Health Effects of HIV/AIDS Concentration -- Ethnicity and Residence: Data Collection and Other Public Health Issues -- The Crisis of Infant Health -- CORRECTIONAL SYSTEMS -- Correctional System's Response to Inmates with AIDS -- IMPACT OF HIV/AIDS ON WOMEN, CHILDREN, AND FAMILIES -- Caring for Infected Children: Examples in Harlem -- RELIGION: CONFLICT OVER CONDOMS AND AIDS EDUCATION FOR YOUNG PEOPLE -- CONCLUSIONS -- NOTE -- REFERENCES -- APPENDIXES -- A Biographical Sketches -- B Participants in Panel Activities -- Index.
• Sommario/riassunto: Europe's "Black Death" contributed to the rise of nation states, mercantile economies, and even the Reformation. Will the AIDS epidemic have similar dramatic effects on the social and political landscape of the twenty-first century? This readable volume looks at the impact of AIDS since its emergence and suggests its effects in the next decade, when a million or more Americans will likely die of the disease. The Social Impact of AIDS in the United States addresses some of the most sensitive and controversial issues in the public debate over AIDS. This landmark book explores how AIDS has affected fundamental policies and practices in our major institutions, examining How America's major religious organizations have dealt with sometimes conflicting values: the imperative of care for the sick versus traditional views of homosexuality and drug use. Hotly debated public health measures, such as HIV antibody testing and screening, tracing of sexual contacts, and quarantine. The potential risk of HIV infection to and from health care workers. How AIDS activists have brought about major change in the way new drugs are brought to the marketplace. The impact of AIDS on community-based organizations, from volunteers caring for individuals to the highly political ACT-UP organization. Coping with HIV infection in prisons. Two case studies shed light on HIV and the family relationship. One reports on some efforts to gain legal recognition for nonmarital relationships, and the other examines foster care programs for newborns with the HIV virus. A case study of New York City details how selected institutions interact to give what may be a picture of AIDS in the future. This clear and ; comprehensive presentation will be of interest to anyone concerned about AIDS and its impact on the country: health professionals, sociologists, psychologists, advocates for at-risk populations, and interested individuals.