| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910373931703321 |
|
|
Autore |
Shastry Abhay |
|
|
Titolo |
Theory of Thermodynamic Measurements of Quantum Systems Far from Equilibrium / / by Abhay Shastry |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pubbl/distr/stampa |
|
|
Cham : , : Springer International Publishing : , : Imprint : Springer, , 2019 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ISBN |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Edizione |
[1st ed. 2019.] |
|
|
|
|
|
Descrizione fisica |
|
1 online resource (152 pages) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Collana |
|
Springer Theses, Recognizing Outstanding Ph.D. Research, , 2190-5053 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Disciplina |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Soggetti |
|
Quantum theory |
Thermodynamics |
Chemistry, Physical and theoretical |
Mathematical physics |
Spectrum analysis |
Microscopy |
Quantum Physics |
Physical Chemistry |
Mathematical Physics |
Spectroscopy and Microscopy |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lingua di pubblicazione |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
|
|
|
|
|
Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
|
|
|
|
|
Nota di bibliografia |
|
Includes bibliographical references. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nota di contenuto |
|
Chapter1. Introduction -- Chapter2. Temperature and Voltage -- Chapter3. Coldest Measurable Temperature -- Chapter4. STM as a Thermometer -- Chapter5. Entropy -- Chapter6. Concluding Remarks. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sommario/riassunto |
|
This thesis presents several related advances in the field of nonequilibrium quantum thermodynamics. The central result is an ingenious proof that the local temperature and voltage measurement in a nonequilibrium system of fermions exists and is unique, placing the concept of local temperature on a rigorous mathematical footing for the first time. As an intermediate step, a proof of the positivity of the Onsager matrix of linear response theory is given -- a statement of the second law of thermodynamics that had lacked an independent proof for 85 years. A new experimental method to measure the local |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
temperature of an electron system using purely electrical techniques is also proposed, which could enable improvements to the spatial resolution of thermometry by several orders of magnitude. Finally, a new mathematically-exact definition for the local entropy of a quantum system in a nonequilibrium steady state is derived. Several different measures of the local entropy are discussed, relating to the thermodynamics of processes that a local observer with varying degrees of information about the microstates of the system could carry out, and it is shown that they satisfy a hierarchy of inequalities. Proofs of the third law of thermodynamics for generic open quantum systems are presented, taking into account the entropic contribution due to localized states. Appropriately normalized (per-state) local entropies are defined and are used to quantify the departure from local equilibrium. |
|
|
|
|
|
| |