1.

Record Nr.

UNINA9910347046503321

Autore

Doychev Todor

Titolo

The dynamics of finite-size settling particles

Pubbl/distr/stampa

KIT Scientific Publishing, 2015

ISBN

1000044723

Descrizione fisica

1 online resource (XIX, 238 p. p.)

Collana

Dissertationsreihe am Institut für Hydromechanik, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie / Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut für Hydromechanik

Soggetti

History of engineering and technology

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Sommario/riassunto

This book contributes to the fundamental understanding of the physical mechanisms that take place in pseudo turbulent particulate flows. In the present work we have considered the sedimentation of large numbers of spherical rigid particles in an initially quiescent flow field. We have performed direct numerical simulations employing an immersed boundary method for the representation of the fluid-solid interface. The results evidence that depending on the particle settling regime (i.e. Galileo number and particle-to-fluid density ratio) the particles may exhibit strong inhomogeneous spatial distribution. It is found that the particles are preferentially located in regions with downward fluid motion. The particles inside clusters experience larger settling velocities than the average. The flow in all flow cases is observed to exhibit characteristic features of pseudo-turbulence. The particle-induced flow field is further found to be highly anisotropic with dominant vertical components. The results indicate that, in the present flow configurations, the collective and mobility effects play significant role for the particle and fluid motion.



2.

Record Nr.

UNINA9910502589503321

Autore

Powell Lynda H.

Titolo

Behavioral Clinical Trials for Chronic Diseases : Scientific Foundations / / by Lynda H. Powell, Kenneth E. Freedland, Peter G. Kaufmann

Pubbl/distr/stampa

Cham : , : Springer International Publishing : , : Imprint : Springer, , 2021

ISBN

3-030-39330-5

Edizione

[1st ed. 2021.]

Descrizione fisica

1 online resource (324 pages)

Collana

Behavioral Science and Psychology Series

Disciplina

616.044

Soggetti

Clinical health psychology

Medicine, Preventive

Health promotion

Alternative medicine

Therapeutics

Health Psychology

Health Promotion and Disease Prevention

Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Nota di contenuto

Introduction: the window of opportunity -- A selected history of randomized behavioral clinical trials: what we learned -- A clinically significant problem and a clincially significant benefit -- The process of developing a behavioral treatment for chronic disease -- The hypothesized pathway from behavioral treatment to chronic disease -- Equipoise, blinding, and investigator discipline -- Sensitivity to diversity -- Protection of randomization -- Choice of appropriate control group -- Readiness to conduct a behavioral randomized clinical trial -- Concluding remarks.

Sommario/riassunto

This is the first comprehensive guide to the design of behavioral randomized clinical trials (RCT) for chronic diseases. It includes the scientific foundations for behavioral trial methods, problems that have been encountered in past behavioral trials, advances in design that have evolved, and promising trends and opportunities for the future. The value of this book lies in its potential to foster an ability to “speak



the language of medicine” through the conduct of high-quality behavioral clinical trials that match the rigor commonly seen in double-blind drug trials. It is relevant for testing any treatment aimed at improving a behavioral, social, psychosocial, environmental, or policy-level risk factor for a chronic disease including, for example, obesity, sedentary behavior, adherence to treatment, psychosocial stress, food deserts, and fragmented care. Outcomes of interest are those that are of clinical significance in the treatment of chronic diseases, including standard risk factors such as cholesterol, blood pressure, and glucose, and clinical outcomes such as hospitalizations, functional limitations, excess morbidity, quality of life, and mortality. This link between behavior and chronic disease requires innovative clinical trial methods not only from the behavioral sciences but also from medicine, epidemiology, and biostatistics. This integration does not exist in any current book, or in any training program, in either the behavioral sciences or medicine.