Birth of the Universe and Fundamental Physics [[electronic resource] ] : Proceedings of the International Workshop Held in Rome, Italy, 18–21 May 1994 / / edited by Franco Occhionero

• Record Nr.: UNISA996466705203316
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Berlin, Heidelberg : , : Springer Berlin Heidelberg : , : Imprint : Springer, , 1995
• ISBN: 3-540-49406-5
• Edizione: [1st ed. 1995.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (XV, 392 p.)
• Collana: Lecture Notes in Physics, , 0075-8450 ; ; 455
• Disciplina: 530.1
• Soggetti: Gravitation; Elementary particles (Physics); Quantum field theory; Observations, Astronomical; Astronomy—Observations; Astrophysics; Geophysics; Quantum physics; Classical and Quantum Gravitation, Relativity Theory; Elementary Particles, Quantum Field Theory; Astronomy, Observations and Techniques; Astrophysics and Astroparticles; Geophysics/Geodesy; Quantum Physics
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph
• Nota di contenuto: Wave function of the universe and particle physics -- Gravitational topological charge -- Cosmological principle and the debate about large scale structures distribution -- Statistics of cosmological inhomogeneities -- The potential of potential reconstruction -- Naturalness of inflation -- Inflation and gravitational waves -- Stationary Universe Model: Inputs and Outputs -- The inflationary role of the dilaton in string cosmology -- String cosmology -- ; Multidimensional cosmological models: Classical and quantum solutions -- Semiclassical equations for homogeneous cosmologies with perturbations -- Nöther symmetries and exact solutions -- Thermodynamics of solitons -- A Schrödinger equation for quantum universes -- Cosmic time machines -- First post inflationary particles equation of state -- Thermal quantum corrections to (Anti) de Sitter geometry -- Primordial non-gaussian signatures in the sky -- Quantum diffusion of planck mass and the evolution of the universe -- Billiard representation for multidimensional quantum cosmology near the singularity -- Connecting inflation to observations -- False vacuum chaotic Inflation: The new paradigm? -- Comments on standard cosmology -- Emergence of classical geometry in quantum cosmology -- Non-linear relativistic evolution of cosmological perturbations in irrotational dust -- Observing cosmic strings through their lensing properties -- Scalar-tensor theories with generalized dilaton couplings -- Long-range energy and momentum transfer in the Quark-Hadron Phase Transition -- Exact solutions for cosmological perturbations with collisionless matter -- First-order inflation in general relativity -- Beyond direct hierarchical clustering -- Evidence that gamma-ray bursts repeat and are Galactic in origin -- Quasars and large scale structure of the universe -- Primordial perturbation spectra with broken scale invariance and comparison with observations -- Mixed cold-hot dark matter model with a falling initial perturbation spectrum -- Voids and adhesion theory -- The current status of late time phase transition models -- Primary anisotropy detections in the cosmic microwave background -- COBE observations of the Big Bang -- The COBRAS/SAMBA mission -- Cosmic strings confront COBE -- Beyond the central limit theorem -- Using the equation of hydrostatic equilibrium for the determination of galaxy clusters masses -- The cluster distribution as a test for dark matter models -- Kurtosis of cosmological density and velocity fields -- CMBR polarization from gravitational waves -- Hamilton-Jacobi theory and the Zel'dovich approximation -- The effect of gravitational lensing on observations of the CMBR -- Angular momentum redistribution in remnants of merger of galaxies -- Galaxy surveys and dark matter models: The statistics of voids -- X-ray data vs. galaxy velocity dispersions in galaxy clusters -- Gravitational microlensing by halo dark matter -- Merging rates inside large scale structures -- The environment of local AGNs -- A comparison of approximations to gravitational instability -- Primordial molecules in the collapse phase of a protocloud -- The least-action approach to gravitational instability -- Stochastic aggregation model for the multifractal distribution of matter -- The theory of everything vs the theory of anything -- Baryogenesis in brief -- The complex scalar field, instantons and inflationary universes -- Cosmoparticle physics of family symmetry breaking -- Recent progress in inflationary cosmology -- Black holes, wormholes, and time machines -- Concluding Remarks.
• Sommario/riassunto: The articles collected in this volume cover topics ranging from Planck-scale physics to galaxy clustering. They deal with various new ideas from cosmology, astrophysics and particle physics that might lead to a better understanding of our physical universe. Among the topics covered are inflationary models, nucleosynthesis, dark matter, large-scale clustering, cosmic microwave background radiations and more. The book addresses researchers but it also gives a good overview of the subject for graduate students in astrophysics and particle physics.

Emerging Approaches for Typing, Detection, Characterization, and Traceback of Escherichia coli, 2nd Edition

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910346743203321
• Autore: David S. Needleman
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Frontiers Media SA, 2018
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (172 p.)
• Collana: Frontiers Research Topics
• Soggetti: Microbiology (non-medical)
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Sommario/riassunto: Pathogenic Escherichia coli strains cause a large number of diseases in humans, including diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome, urinary tract infections, and neonatal meningitis, while in animals they cause diseases such as calf scours and mastitis in cattle, post-weaning diarrhea and edema disease in pigs, and peritonitis and airsacculitis in chickens. The different E. coli pathotypes are characterized by the presence of specific sets of virulence-related genes. Therefore, it is not surprising that pathogenic E. coli constitutes a genetically heterogeneous family of bacteria, and they are continuing to evolve. Rapid and accurate molecular methods are critically needed to detect and trace pathogenic E. coli in food and animals. They are also needed for epidemiological investigations to enhance food safety, as well as animal and human health and to minimize the size and geographical extent of outbreaks. The serotype of E. coli strains has traditionally been determined using antisera raised against the >180 different O- (somatic) and 53 H- (flagellar) antigens. However, there are many problems associated with serotyping, including: it is labor-intensive and time consuming; cross reactivity of the antisera with different serogroups occurs; antisera are available only in specialized laboratories; and many strains are non-typeable. Molecular serotyping targeting O-group-specific genes within the E. coli O-antigen gene clusters and genes that are involved in encoding for the different flagellar types offers an improved approach for determining the E. ; coliO- and H-groups. Furthermore, molecular serotyping can be coupled with determination of specific sets of virulence genes carried by the strain offering the possibility to determine O-group, pathotype, and the pathogenic potential simultaneously. Sequencing of the O-antigen gene clusters of all of the known O-groups of E. coli is now complete, and the sequences have been deposited in the GenBank database. The sequence information has revealed that some E. coli serogroups have identical sequences while others have point mutations or insertion sequences and type as different serogroups in serological reactions. There are also a number of other ambiguities in serotyping that need to be resolved. Furthermore, new E. coli O-groups are being identified. Therefore, there is an essential need to resolve these issues and to revise the E. coli serotype nomenclature based on these findings. There are emerging technologies that can potentially be applied for molecular serotyping and detection and characterization of E. coli. On a related topic, the genome sequence of thousands of E. coli strains have been deposited in GenBank, and this information is revealing unique markers such as CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) and virulence gene markers that could be used to identify E. coli pathotypes. Whole genome sequencing now provides the opportunity to study the role of horizontal gene transfer in the evolution and emergence of pathogenic E. coli strains. Whole genome sequencing approaches are being investigated for genotyping and outbreak investigation for regulatory and public health needs; however, there is a need for establishing bioinformatics pipelines able to handle large amounts of data as we move toward the use of genetic approaches for non-culture-based detection and characterization of E. coli and for outbreak investigations.