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Record Nr. |
UNINA9911008397803321 |
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Autore |
Inamuddin |
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Titolo |
Degradation of Plastics |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Millersville, PA : , : Materials Research Forum LLC, , 2021 |
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©2021 |
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ISBN |
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Edizione |
[1st ed.] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (335 pages) |
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Collana |
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Materials Research Foundations ; ; v.99 |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Plastics--Biodegradation |
Plastics--Deterioration |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Intro -- front-matter -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- 1 -- Introduction, Past and Present Scenarios of Plastic Degradation -- 2. History of plastic -- 3. Types of plastic and their uses -- 3.1 Natural polymers -- 3.2 Synthetic polymers -- 4. Hazards of plastic -- 5. Degradation of plastic -- 5.1 Abiotic degradation -- 5.2 Biotic degradation -- 5.2.1 Aerobic biodegradation -- 5.2.2 Anaerobic biodegradation -- 6. Types of degradation method -- 6.1 Photodegradation -- 6.2 Thermo-oxidative degradation -- 6.3 Mechano-chemical degradation -- 6.4 Catalytic degradation -- 6.5 Chemical degradation -- 6.5.1 Solovolysis or hydrolysis -- 6.5.2 Ozonolysis -- 6.6 Biodegradation -- 7. Factors affecting plastic degradation -- 7.1 Chemical and physical properties of plastic -- 7.2 Environment factors -- 8. The plastic waste management -- 8.1 Past scenario -- 8.1.1 Landfills -- 8.1.2 Incineration or waste to energy conversion -- 8.1.3 Recycling -- 8.2 Present approach and prevention for plastic waste management -- 8.2.1 Organic disposal -- 8.2.2 Reduce the use of plastic -- 8.2.3 Biodegradable plastic -- 8.2.4 Up conversion of plastic into value added product -- Conclusion and future prospective -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 2 -- Biodegradable Plastics from Renewable Raw Materials -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Types of bioplastics -- 2.1 Bio-based plastics -- 2.2 |
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Bio-degradable plastics -- 2.3 Bio-based and bio-degradable plastics -- 3. Advantages of bio-plastics -- 4. Overview of renewable raw materials -- 5. Production of biobased polymers -- 5.1 From biomass (by extraction and separation) -- 5.1.1 Polysaccharides -- 5.1.2 Ligno-cellulose material -- 5.1.3 Other material -- 6. Proteins -- 6.1 Plant protein -- 6.2 Animal protein -- 7. From micro-organisms (fermentation) -- 7.1 Polyhydroxyalkanoates -- 7.2 Biobased polyesters (PLA, PET, PEF, PTT). |
8. Biobased alkyds resin -- 9. Other biobased polyesters -- 9.1 Biobased polyamides -- 9.2 Biobased polyurethane -- 9.3 Biobased polyacrylates -- 9.4 Biobased polyolefins -- 9.5 Biobased polyvinyl chloride -- 9.6 Epoxy resins -- 9.7 From waste (by processing industrial bio-waste) -- Conclusion and future prospects -- References -- 3 -- 1. Introduction to degradable & -- biodegradable plastics -- 2. Petroleum based plastics -- 2.1 Biobased Polypropylene -- 2.2 Biobased polyethylene terephthalate (PET) -- 3. Recycling -- 3.1 Recyclable bioplastics -- 3.2 Reusable plastic bag -- 3.3 Recycling issues related to biodegradable plastic -- 3.4 Marine plastic debris recycling -- 3.5 Recycling of packaging plastics -- Conclusions -- Challenges and future perspective -- References -- 4 -- Enzymes Involved in Plastic Degradation -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Enzymatic degradation of polyethylene terephthalate -- 3. Enzymatic degradation of polyurethane -- 4. Enzymatic degradation of polyethylene -- 5. Enzymatic degradation of polystyrene -- 6. Enzymatic degradation of polyvinylchloride (PVC) -- 7. Enzymatic degradation of polyvinylchloride polyamide (PA) -- Conclusions -- References -- 5 -- Plastic Biodegradation -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Environmental impact of plastics -- 2.1 Ocean and land pollution -- 2.2 Disruption of food chains due to the toxicity of plastic -- 3. Types of bioplastics -- 3.1 Bio-based plastics (Hydro-biodegradable) -- 3.2 Oxo-biodegradable plastics -- 3.3 Biodegradable plastic -- 3.4 Types of Biodegradable Plastics -- 4. Biodegradation of plastic -- 4.1 Aerobic biodegradation of plastic -- 4.2 Anaerobic biodegradation of plastic -- 5. Stages of biodegradation of plastic -- 5.1 Abiotic deterioration -- 5.2 Bio-deterioration or biotic deterioration -- 5.3 Biofilm formation -- 5.4 Depolymerization -- 5.5 Bio-fragmentation -- 5.6 Assimilation. |
5.7 Mineralization -- 6. Molecular mechanism of plastic biodegradation -- Streptomyces thermoviolaceus subsp.thermoviolaceus 76T-2 -- 7. Factors affecting the biodegradation of plastic -- 7.1 Environmental Parameters -- 7.2 Type of plastic (Polymer properties) -- 8. Characterization/analytical estimation of plastic biodegradation efficiency -- 8.1 Dynamic Mechanical Analysis using universal testing systems -- 8.2 Scanning Electron Microscopy -- 8.3 Thermogravimetric analysis -- 8.4 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy -- 8.5 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy -- 8.6 Gel permeation chromatography -- 8.7 High-pressure liquid chromatography -- 8.8 Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy -- 8.9 Biological analysis -- 8.10 Molecular techniques -- 9. Value addition to biodegradation of plastics -- 10. Challenges in plastic biodegradation -- Conclusions and future prospects -- References -- 6 -- Recovery of Biodegradable Bioplastics from Different Activated Sludge Processes during Wastewater Treatment -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Chemistry and application of bioplastics -- 3. PHA synthesis pathway -- 4. Activated sludge process for PHA production -- 4.1 Mixed activated sludge process -- 4.2 Aerobic granular sludge process -- 4.3 Chemically modified sludge process -- 5. Types of wastewaters in bioplastic production -- 5.1 Palm oil mill effluent (POME) -- 5.2 Paper pulp mill wastewater -- 5.3 Dairy wastewater -- 5.4 Molasses spentwash -- 5.5 |
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Olive oil mill wastewater -- 6. Conditions for PHA production -- 6.1 Aerodynamic feeding (ADF) -- 6.2 Feast-famine regime -- 6.3 pH -- 6.4 Carbon/nitrogen ratio -- 6.5 Selective pressure -- 7. PHA extraction process -- 7.1 Chemical digestion with solvent extraction -- 7.1.1 Sodium hypochlorite extraction -- 7.1.2 Acetone extraction -- 7.1.3 Sodium hydroxide extraction -- 7.2 Mechanical disruption. |
8. Quantification method -- Conclusion and future scopes -- References -- 7 -- Photocatalytic Degradation of Plastic -- 1. Introduction -- 2. History of plastic -- 3. Types of plastic -- 4. Problems associated with plastics -- 5. Heterogeneousphotocatalysis -- 5.1 Studies on photocatalytic degradation of plastics -- Conclusion -- References -- 8 -- Overview of the Degradable Plastic Market -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Conversion of nondegradable to degradable plastic market -- 3. Associated markets for degradable plastics -- 3.1 Production industries of degradable plastics -- 3.2 Consumption industries of degradable plastics -- 4. Challenges of degradable plastic market -- 4.1 Consumer acceptance -- 4.2 Inadequate availability of biomass feedstock -- 4.3 New market of degradable plastics for circular economy -- Conclusion and future prospects -- References -- 9 -- Plastics Versus Bioplastics -- 1. Introduction to plastics -- 1.1 Types of plastics -- 1.1.1 Polyethylene terephthalate (PETE or PET) -- 1.1.2 High-density polyethylene (HDPE) -- 1.1.3 Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) -- 1.1.4 Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) -- 1.1.5 Polypropylene (PP) -- 1.1.6 Polystyrene or Styrofoam (PS) -- 1.1.7 Miscellaneous plastics -- 2. Recycling codes for plastics -- 2.1 SPI codes -- 3. Global industry and production rates of synthetic plastics -- 4. Plastics: From a marvelous synthetic material to a nightmare -- 4.1 Destruction of water reservoirs due to plastics -- 4.2 Effects of plastics on marine life and human health -- 4.3 Economic losses due to plastic pollution -- 5. Possible solutions for plastic pollution -- 5.1 Recycling and conversion to other useful and efficient products -- 5.2 Ban on the single use of plastics -- 5.3 Biodegradation of synthetic plastics -- 6. The future of plastics -- 6.1 What is poly diketoenamine or PDK? -- 7. Bioplastics. |
7.1 Bio-based or partly bio-based non-biodegradable bioplastics -- 7.2 Bio-based biodegradable plastics -- 7.3 Biodegradable, fossil-based plastics -- 7.4 Bioplastic: Plastic from biomass and its effectiveness to counter plastic problems -- 8. Sources of bioplastic production -- 9. Polysaccharides for the production of bioplastic materials -- 9.1 Starch -- 9.2 Cellulose -- 9.3 Pectin and chitin -- 9.4 Animal and plant derived proteins as bioplastic sources -- 10. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs): Biopolyesters from microbial sources used as bioplastics -- 10.1 Structural classification of PHAs -- 11. Polylactic acid (PLA): A bioderived monomer used for bioplastic production -- 12. Applications of bioplastics -- 12.1 Antimicrobial films for food wrapping (fruits & -- vegetables) -- 12.2 Agricultural mulching -- 12.3 Removal of heavy metals -- 13. Comparison of plastics & -- bioplastics -- Summary and conclusion -- References -- 10 -- Versatile Applications of Degradable Plastic -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Plastic waste and its adverse effects -- 2.1 Plastic waste scenario -- 2.2 Effects of plastic waste -- 2.2.1 Landfills -- 2.2.2 In ocean -- 3. Application of degradable plastic -- 3.1 Packaging -- 3.2 Industrial Application -- 3.2.1 Paper covers -- 3.2.2 Day to day accessories -- 3.2.3 Piezoelectric objects -- 3.2.4 Acoustics -- 3.2.5 Oscillators -- 3.2.6 Others -- 3.3 Aerospace & -- automobile -- 3.4 Medical application -- 3.4.1 Biomaterials -- 3.4.2 Surgical use -- 3.4.3 Pharmaceutical use -- 3.4.4 Tissue engineering -- 3.5 Agricultural application -- 3.5.1 Mulching -- 3.5.2 Planting containers -- 3.5.3 Packaging -- 3.5.4 Seed film cultivation -- 3.6 |
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Consumer and institutional products application -- 3.7 Energy application -- 3.7.1 Pyrolysis -- 3.7.2 Cold plasma pyrolysis -- 3.8 Waste management -- 4. Growth of plastic degradation industry. |
Conclusion. |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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The book presents a comprehensive overview of the field of degradation of plastics. |
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2. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910339570703321 |
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Titolo |
Editor & publisher |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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[New York], : [Editor & Publisher Co.] |
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Irvine, CA : , : Duncan McIntosh Co. Inc. |
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ISSN |
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Descrizione fisica |
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Electronic text, volumes : HTML, digital |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Periodico |
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Note generali |
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Special sections, such as syndicate directories, annual newspaper linage tabulations, annual directory of interactive products and services, etc., appear as separately paged or issued sections of regular issues. |
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