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1. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910300323903321 |
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Titolo |
Spinal Deformity : A Case-Based Approach to Managing and Avoiding Complications / / edited by Praveen V. Mummaneni, Paul Park, Charles H. Crawford III, Adam S. Kanter, Steven D. Glassman |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Cham : , : Springer International Publishing : , : Imprint : Springer, , 2018 |
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ISBN |
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Edizione |
[1st ed. 2018.] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (XV, 352 p. 183 illus., 60 illus. in color.) |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Neurosurgery |
Orthopedics |
Surgical Orthopedics |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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A Historic Overview of Complications in Spinal Deformity Surgery -- Occipital Cervical Surgery Complication -- C1-2 Fusion Complication -- Mid Cervical Kyphosis Surgery Complication -- Cervical Kyphosis (Post-Laminectomy) Surgery Complication -- Cervival Osteomyelitis and Kyphosis Complication -- Cervical Traumatic Deformity (Bilateral Facet Dislocation) Complication -- Cervical Kyphosis (Neuromuscular) Surgery Complication -- Cervicothoracic Kyphosis (AS) Surgery Complication -- Iatrogenic Cervicothoracic Kyphosis Surgery Complication -- Thoracic Scoliosis (AIS) Posterior Surgery Complication -- Scheuermann’s Kyphosis Surgery Complication -- Thoracic Deformity (Pott’s Disease) Surgery Complication -- Thoracolumbar Scoliosis (AIS) Posterior Surgery Complication -- Congenital Thoracolumbar Deformity Complication -- Thoracolumbar Deformity (Trauma) Surgery Complication -- Thoracic Deformity (Tumor) Surgery Complications -- Thoracic/Lumbar Deformity (Tumor) MIS Surgery Complication -- Lumbar Deformity (Vascular) Surgery Complication -- Lumbar Scoliosis (Degenerative) Posterior Surgery Complication -- Lumbar Scoliosis (Degenerative) Anterior/Posterior Surgery Complication -- Thoracolumbar Deformity MIS (Palsy) Surgery |
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Complication -- Lumbar Scoliosis (Degenerative) MIS (Lateral) Surgery Complications -- Lumbar Scoliosis (Degenerative) MIS Surgery (PSO/TLIF) Complication -- Lumbar Scoliosis (Degenerative) MIS Surgery (PJK) Complication -- Lumbar Deformity MIS Lateral (Visceral) Surgery Complication -- Thoracolumbar deformity MIS ACR complications -- Lumbar Deformity (Infection) Surgery Complication -- Sagittal Plane Deformity Surgery：Pedicle Subtraction Osteotomy (PSO) Complication -- Sagittal Plane Deformity Surgery (VCR) Complication -- Lumbar Deformity Listhesis (Moderate-High grade) Complication -- Pediatric Moderate/High Grade Spondylolisthesis Surgery Complication -- High Grade Dysplastic Spondylolisthesis Surgery Complication -- Sacral Insufficiency Fracture Surgery Complication -- Sacral Tumor Surgery Complication. |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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Although there are a number of excellent books dedicated to spinal deformities, this text employs a case-based format which offers the advantage of easy readability. This format will allow the reader to better synthesize the dense information encompassing spinal deformity complications and pearls to avoid them. Example cases highlight the importance of appropriate diagnosis, radiographic assessment, classification, surgical decision making, and complication avoidance. In addition, complication management is emphasized since complications will occur regardless of skill level, experience, or meticulous technique given the complex nature of spinal deformity. Written by key thought leaders, this book not only provides state of the art concepts and techniques but also provides pearls and tips to manage and avoid complications. This book will be useful to the spinal surgeon of any experience level who is interested in optimizing their care for patients with symptomatic spinal deformity. In addition, the concepts presented in this text will be valuable to residents and fellows training in spinal surgery. |
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2. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910835064903321 |
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Autore |
El Idrissi Abdeslem |
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Titolo |
Neurobiology of Autism Spectrum Disorders |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Cham : , : Springer International Publishing AG, , 2024 |
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©2023 |
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ISBN |
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Edizione |
[1st ed.] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (448 pages) |
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Altri autori (Persone) |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Neurobiologia |
Trastorns de l'espectre autista |
Llibres electrònics |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Dysfunctional Circuit Mechanisms of Sensory Processing in FXS and ASD: Insights from Mouse Models -- 1.1 Sensory Processing and Decision Making -- 1.2 Fragile X Syndrome -- 1.3 Mouse Models of Fragile X Syndrome and ASD -- 1.4 Sensory Processing Deficits in the Context of Impaired Inhibition -- 1.5 Inhibition in the Neurotypical Sensory Cortex -- 1.6 Sensory Deficits in the Visual Domain -- 1.6.1 Humans -- 1.6.2 Mice -- 1.7 Sensory Deficits in the Auditory Domain -- 1.8 Sensory Deficits in Somatosensory Domain -- 1.9 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2: Theory of Mind in Autism -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Critical and Landmark Studies of ToM -- 2.2.1 Premack and Woodruff (1978) -- 2.2.2 Perner and Wimmer (1983) -- 2.2.3 Baron-Cohen, Leslie, and Frith (1985) -- 2.2.4 Mirror-Neuron Research -- 2.2.5 Studies to Investigate Precursors or Prerequisites of ToM -- 2.3 A Challenge to Study Theory of Mind: The Problem of Investigating the Unobservable in Science -- 2.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Prenatal and Early Life Environmental Stressors: Chemical Moieties Responsible for the Development of Autism Spectrum Disorder -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Prenatal/Perinatal Exposure to Environmental Stressors -- 3.2.1 Valproic Acid -- 3.2.2 Hyperserotonemia -- 3.2.3 Maternal Infections -- 3.2.4 Endocrine |
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Disruptors -- 3.2.4.1 Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- 3.2.4.2 Bisphenol - A -- 3.2.5 Pesticides -- 3.2.6 Heavy Metals -- 3.2.7 Nutritional Deficiency -- 3.2.7.1 Vitamin D -- 3.2.7.2 Amino Acids -- 3.2.7.3 B-Vitamins -- 3.3 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: Animal Models of ASD -- 4.1 Non-genetic Animal Models -- 4.2 Genetic Animal Models -- 4.3 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5: Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorders -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Etiology and Pathophysiology of ASD. |
5.3 Mitochondrial Dysfunction in ASD -- 5.3.1 Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Brain of ASD Subjects -- 5.3.2 Alterations in Mitochondrial DNA in ASD Subjects -- 5.3.3 Brain Oxidative Stress in ASD -- 5.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6: The Usability of Mouse Models to Study the Neural Circuity in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Regulatory Mechanisms of Core Behavioral Symptoms -- 6.1 Current Trends in ASD Studies Using Animal Models -- 6.2 Assessment of Atypical Social Behavior in Animal Models -- 6.3 Neural Circuits Responsible for the Regulation of ASD-Like Behavior -- 6.4 Peptide Hormones Regulating Complex Social Behavior -- 6.5 OXT-Mediated Neural Circuits -- 6.6 AVP-Mediated Neural Circuits -- 6.7 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 7: Seizures in Mouse Models of Autism -- 7.1 Sex Bias of Presentation of ASD and Epilepsy -- 7.2 Early Epileptic Activity and ASD -- 7.3 Imbalance of Excitation and Inhibition as a Common Etiology for ASD and Epilepsy -- 7.4 Seizures in Monogenetic Mouse Models of ASD -- 7.4.1 16p11.2 -- 7.4.2 ARID1B -- 7.4.3 CACNA1C -- 7.4.4 CNTNAP2 -- 7.4.5 CUL3 -- 7.4.6 DYRK1A -- 7.4.7 GTF2I -- 7.4.8 RAI1 -- 7.4.9 SHANK3 -- 7.4.10 SYNGAP1 -- 7.4.11 UBE3A -- 7.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8: Lipid-Related Pathophysiology of ASD -- 8.1 Lipids Are Essential to Biomechanisms -- 8.1.1 Lipids in the Periphery -- 8.1.1.1 Cholesterol Transport and Lipoproteins -- 8.1.1.2 Lipoproteins Transport Materials Including Steroids and miRNA -- 8.1.2 Lipids in the CNS -- 8.1.2.1 Cholesterol Production in the Brain -- 8.1.2.2 Cholesterol's Role in Development -- 8.1.2.3 Cholesterol's Role in Signaling -- 8.1.2.4 Cholesterol's Role in Synaptic Function -- 8.1.2.5 Other Lipids in the Brain -- 8.2 Lipid-Related Abnormalities Have Been Found in ASD-Related Genetic Disorders -- 8.2.1 Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome. |
8.2.2 Fragile X Syndrome -- 8.2.3 Rett Syndrome -- 8.3 Lipid Disorders with Known Genetic Variants Not Associated with ASD -- 8.3.1 Post-Squalene Disorders Involved with Cholesterol Biosynthesis -- 8.3.2 Hypoapolipoprotein Disorders: Hypoalphalipoproteinemia, Hypobetalipoproteinemia, Abetalipoproteinemia, and Familial Combined Hypolipidemia -- 8.3.3 Hyperlipidemic Disorders Caused by Variants in Genes That Also Cause Hypolipidemic Disorders -- 8.4 Lipid Abnormalities Associated with ASD that Are Not Observed with Known Genetic Disorders -- References -- Chapter 9: Perinatal Insulin-Like Growth Factor as a Risk Factor for Autism -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Methods -- 9.3 Results/Discussion -- 9.3.1 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 10: Prophylactic Treatment of ASD Based on Sleep-Wake Circadian Rhythm Formation in Infancy to Early Childhood -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Circadian Rhythm Formation -- 10.3 Age-related Changes in Sleep Development -- 10.3.1 Sleep Duration -- 10.3.2 Sleep Characteristics of Children with ASD -- 10.3.3 Night Awakening (Sleep Fragmentation) -- 10.3.4 Difference in Sleep Duration Between Weekdays and Weekends -- 10.3.5 Social Jet Lag Tendency of Infants and Young Children -- 10.4 Appropriate Period of Nocturnal Sleep -- 10.5 Direction of ASD Treatment -- 10.6 Appropriate Age for Treatment -- 10.7 Therapy for Sleep Disorders in Infancy to Early |
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Childhood -- 10.7.1 Sleep Hygiene -- 10.7.1.1 Sleep-Wake Rhythm Adjustment -- 10.7.1.2 Awakening During Night -- Discontinuing (Breast) Feeding at Night (Fig. 10.5) -- 10.7.2 Pharmacotherapy (Figs. 10.6, 10.7 and 10.8) -- 10.7.2.1 Delayed Sleep Onset (Sleep Onset Insomnia) -- Melatonin -- Clonidine -- Benzodiazepine -- Triclofos Sodium(TFS) -- 10.7.2.2 Awakening (Sleep Fragmentation) -- Antihistamine -- Risperidone -- 10.7.3 Hospitalization -- 10.8 Summary -- References. |
Chapter 11: Imbalances of Inhibitory and Excitatory Systems in Autism Spectrum Disorders -- 11.1 The Excitation/Inhibition Imbalance Model and Autism -- 11.2 Clinical Evidence for E/I Imbalance in ASD -- 11.3 Links Between E/I Imbalance and Autism-Like Behavior in Model Systems -- 11.4 Implications for Therapeutic Treatments Targeting E/I Imbalance -- References -- Chapter 12: Shared Developmental Neuropathological Traits Between Autism and Environmental Lead Exposures: Insights into Convergent Sulfur-Dependent Neurobiological Mechanisms -- 12.1 Brief Literature Review of the Last Decade -- 12.2 Glutathione as a Shared Neurobiological Target for Understanding Late-to-Early Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Its Implications on the GABA-Shift -- 12.3 Lead Poisoning and Autism Alter Brain Glutathione Levels -- 12.4 Understanding the Physical Chemistry Between Lead and Sulfur Compounds -- 12.5 Sulfur-Dependent Approaches for Ameliorating Lead Poisoning and Autism: Taurine Neuroprotection Through Glutathione -- 12.6 Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 13: Epidemiological Surveys of ASD: Current Findings and New Directions -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Review of Prevalence Surveys -- 13.3 Special Issues -- 13.3.1 Case Definition and Case Status Determination -- 13.3.2 The Problems of Parental Reports -- 13.3.3 Novel Approaches to Case Finding/Ascertainment -- 13.3.4 Worldwide Studies and Cultural Issues -- 13.3.5 Surveillance -- 13.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 14: Metabolic Approaches to the Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorders -- 14.1 Vitamins -- 14.1.1 Vitamin B1 -- 14.1.2 Vitamin B2 -- 14.1.3 Vitamin B3 -- 14.1.4 Vitamin B5 -- 14.1.5 Vitamin B6 -- 14.1.6 Vitamin B7 -- 14.1.7 Vitamin B9 -- 14.1.8 Vitamin B12 -- 14.1.9 Vitamin C -- 14.1.10 Vitamin A -- 14.1.11 Vitamin D -- 14.1.12 Vitamin E -- 14.2 Minerals -- 14.2.1 Zinc. |
14.2.2 Magnesium -- 14.2.3 Lithium -- 14.2.4 Molybdenum -- 14.3 Other Nutrients -- 14.3.1 Omega-3 Fatty Acids -- 14.3.2 N-acetyl Cysteine -- 14.3.3 Coenzyme Q10 -- 14.3.4 Alpha-Lipoic Acid -- 14.3.5 Creatine Monohydrate -- 14.3.6 Sulforaphane -- 14.3.7 Melatonin -- 14.3.8 Carnitine -- 14.3.9 Tetrahydrobiopterin -- 14.4 Dietary Interventions with a Metabolic Approach -- 14.4.1 Ketogenic Dietary Therapies -- 14.5 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 15: Autism and Neurodiversity -- 15.1 Heterogeneity in Autism -- 15.2 What Is Neurodiversity -- 15.3 Medical Model -- 15.3.1 Historical Medical Model -- 15.3.2 Modern Medical Model -- 15.4 Social Model of Disability -- 15.5 Ecological Model of Neurodiversity -- 15.6 Indigenous Models of Neurodiversity -- 15.7 Major Autism Movements -- 15.8 Unifying View of Autism with Combined Models -- 15.9 Recommendations for Biological Studies of Autism -- 15.10 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 16: Principal Findings of Auditory Evoked Potentials in Autism Spectrum Disorder -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Evidence of Neurophysiological Abnormalities with ABR in ASD -- 16.3 Evidence of Neurophysiological Abnormalities with LLAEP in ASD -- 16.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 17: Developmental Origins of the Structural Defects Implicated in ASD: Insights from iPSC and Post-Mortem Studies -- 17.1 |
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Introduction -- 17.1.1 2D and 3D iPSC Models -- 17.1.2 The Need for an Integrated Approach -- 17.2 Complementary Findings in iPSC and Postmortem Studies of ASD -- 17.2.1 Brain Size and Neuronal Numbers -- 17.2.2 Proliferation and Neurogenesis -- 17.2.3 Differentiation and Cell-Type Comittment -- 17.2.4 Apoptosis -- 17.2.5 Cortical Cytoarchitecture -- 17.2.6 Neuropathological Alterations in Morphology and Synapses -- 17.2.7 Excitatory/Inhibitory (E/I) Imbalance -- 17.2.8 Reelin (RELN) Dysfunction. |
17.2.9 Gliogenesis. |
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