Chicago fundamentalism [[electronic resource] ] : ideology and methodology in economics / / Craig F. Freedman

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910455048503321
• Autore: Freedman Craig <1950->
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Hackensack, NJ, : World Scientific, c2008
• ISBN: 981-281-201-6
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (472 p.)
• Disciplina: 330.1553
• Soggetti: Chicago school of economics - History; Electronic books.
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Foreword: A Touch of the Billy Joels; Acknowledgements; Contents; Chapter 1 And Only I Was Left to Tell the Tale: Blindness as an Act of Will; 1. Picking Through the Methodological Slagheaps: How Not to be an Economist; 2. Nobody Here But Us Chickens: The Unappreciated Importance of Ideology; References; Part I. Resurrecting the Chicago Revolution: The Cold War and the Economics Profession; A. George Stigler; Chapter 2 George Joseph Stigler (1911-1991); References; Chapter 3 Power Without Glory - George Stigler's Market Leviathan; 1. Ricardo's Wrong Track - Distribution and Power; 1.1. Explaining rent1.2. What the market has wrought let no man rent asunder; 1.3. Stigler slices the Gordian Knot of economic power; 2. Freedom as Choice; 3. The Problem of Ideological Blinders; 4. Stigler and Post-War Economics - The Three Pillars of Wisdom; 5. Cold Warriors Fade Away - The Cost of Ideology; References; Chapter 4 Five Easy Pieces - George Stigler's Blueprint for a Counter-Revolution; 1. A Time and a Place; 2. A Good Egg Gives Some Lectures - The Background; 3. Conservatives of the World Unite - How the LSE Manifesto Created an Economic Framework; 3.1. Banking on a moral imperative3.2. A gorgon's look at monopolistic competition; 3.3. Redeeming the classical economists; 3.4. On being mathematically dysfunctional; 3.5. An economist plays a game of monopoly; 4. Future Directions - How These Lectures Influenced Stigler's Future Work; 5. The Race is to the Swiftest - What has Chicago ; Wrought?; References; Chapter 5 Countervailing Egos - Stigler versus Galbraith; 1. Matter and Anti-Matter; 2. A Survey of Contemptible Economics; 3. An Economist Plays with Blocs; 4. The Blocs Come Tumbling Down; Appendix A. Contents of a Survey of Contemporary EconomicsReferences; Chapter 6 Was George Stigler Adam Smith's Best Friend? - Studying the History of Economic Thought; 1. Field Versus Foundation; 2. Sheltered Workshops; 3. Adam Smith's George Stigler Problem; 4. The Advantage of Having a History; References; Chapter 7 Do Great Economists Make Great Teachers? - George Stigler as a Dissertation Supervisor; 1. Good Teacher/Good Researcher; 2. Protestant Fathers/Renegade Students; 3. Open Season on Ideas/Open Season on Students; References; B. Milton Friedman; Chapter 8 De Mortuis Nil Nisi Bonum - Milton Friedman 1912-20061. Bliss was It to be Young; 2. Reshaping Economics; 2.1. Permanent income hypothesis; 2.2. Quantity theory of money; 2.3. Natural rate of unemployment; 2.4. Positive economics; 3. Death of a Salesman; 4. Old Economists Never Die, They Only Slowly Fade Away; References; Chapter 9 Entre Nous - A Review of the Friedman-Stigler Correspondence; References; Chapter 10 Not for Love Nor Money: Milton Friedman's Counter-Revolution; 1. The Economist as Polemist - Using an Unpredictable Past; 1.1. John Maynard Keynes - economist as provocateur
• Sommario/riassunto: Cold-war ideology infected the development of economics in ways its practitioners were often not fully aware. The Chicago counter-revolution against the dominant post-war triumph of Keynesian analysis had an essential subtext, a perceived struggle between freedom and collective slavery. Ideological objectives subsequently influenced methodological concerns, pushing economists to adopt the zero-sum tactics of the courtroom rather than the mutually beneficial manners of the senior common room. In these ideologically charged times, economists stopped reading opposing views carefully, seeking inst

Environmental Analysis by Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors : Fundamentals / / edited by Ligia Maria Moretto, Kurt Kalcher

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910298645903321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: New York, NY : , : Springer New York : , : Imprint : Springer, , 2014
• ISBN: 1-4939-0676-3
• Edizione: [1st ed. 2014.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (714 p.)
• Collana: Nanostructure Science and Technology, , 1571-5744
• Disciplina: 363.7063; 54; 541.37; 543; 628; 660; 660.6
• Soggetti: Electrochemistry; Analytical chemistry; Environmental monitoring; Environmental engineering; Biotechnology; Chemical engineering; Analytical Chemistry; Monitoring/Environmental Analysis; Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology; Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Foreword; Preface; About the Editors; Contents of Volume 1; Contents of Volume 2; Part I: Environmental Analysis; Chapter 1: Introduction to Electroanalysis of Environmental Samples; 1.1 Electroanalysis; 1.2 A Glance into Electroanalytical Literature; 1.3 Electroanalysis in a Flash; 1.3.1 Advantages; 1.3.2 Drawbacks; 1.4 Electrochemistry and Environmental Analysis; 1.4.1 History and Present; 1.4.2 Main Topics; ; 1.4.3 Sampling, Sample Storage, and Pretreatment; 1.4.4 Measurements with Electrochemical Sensors; 1.5 Concluding Remarks; References; Chapter 2: Soil; 2.1 Introduction to Soil and Its Characteristics2.2 The Unique Nature of Soils: A Heterogeneous, Three Phase System; 2.2.1 Interactions of Biological, Chemical, and Physical Processes; 2.2.1.1 Buffering; 2.2.1.2 Filtering and Retention; 2.2.1.3 Decomposition and Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics; 2.3 Importance of Soil Analysis; 2.4 Issues Related to Soil Assessment and Testing; 2.4.1 Representative Sampling or Monitoring with Spatial and Temporal Variation; 2.4.2 Selection of Soil Analytical Methods; 2.4.3 Associated Measurements; 2.4.4 Use of Soil Test Databases and Networks; 2.5 Application of Proximal Soil Sensors2.5.1 Voltammetric Methods; 2.5.2 Conductometric Methods: Soil ECa; 2.5.2.1 Soil Conductivity Sensors; 2.5.3 Potentiometric Methods: Ion-Selective Electrodes; 2.5.3.1 Issues in ISE/ISFET Application; 2.5.3.2 Application: Soil Nutrient Sensing; 2.5.3.3 Nitrate, Potassium, and Phosphate Membranes and Electrodes; 2.5.3.4 Laboratory Prototype Systems for Soil Nutrient Sensing; 2.5.3.5 Field-Mobile Soil Nutrient Sensors; 2.6 Future Outlook and Considerations; 2.6.1 Considerations in Soil Nutrient Sensing; 2.6.1.1 Sensor Fusion; 2.6.1.2 Sensor Calibration; 2.6.1.3 Integration with Fertilizer Application EquipmentReferences; Chapter 3: Water; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Water Chemistry: Environmental Relevance; 3.2.1 Chemical Processes in Ambient Water; 3.2.2 Water Pollution; 3.3 Environmental Water Analysis; 3.4 Electrochemical Sensors in Water Analysis; 3.4.1 Electroanalytical Techniques; 3.4.2 Instrumental and Technological Trends; 3.4.3 Standardised Methods; 3.5 Conclusions and Outlook; References; Chapter 4: Atmosphere; 4.1 Gaseous Constituents; 4.1.1 Sulfur Oxides; 4.1.2 Nitrogen Oxides; 4.1.3 Ozone; 4.2 Atmospheric Aerosol; 4.3 Inorganic Aerosol4.4 Organic Aerosol; 4.5 Conclusions; References; Chapter 5: Biosphere; 5.1 Chemical and Electrochemical Sensors in Living World; 5.2 Electrochemical Sensors for Flora and Fauna on Earth; 5.3 Sensors for Monitoring Agriculture, Food, and Drug Quality; 5.3.1 Remote Spectral Sensing; 5.3.2 The Electronic Nose; 5.3.3 Electrochemical Sensors; 5.3.4 Biosensors; 5.3.5 Wireless Sensor Networks; 5.4 Future Aspects and Developments; References; Chapter 6: Extraterrestrial; 6.1 Introduction; 6.1.1 Historical Development of Electroanalytical Instruments for Mars; 6.2 The Phoenix Wet Chemistry Laboratory (WCL) Electroanalytical Sensor Array
• Sommario/riassunto: Electrochemical sensors represent the oldest type of chemical sensors and are widely present in chemical laboratories, industries, healthcare and in many aspects of our daily life. During the past few decades biosensors mimicking biological receptors for the sake of analytical assessment have emerged as an extremely important and fruitful field in fundamental and applied electroanalytical chemistry. Research and routine analysis in environmental sciences have shown that electrochemical sensors and biosensors may supply useful information for solving problems from the quite general to the highly specific, dealing with environmental pollution or many other questions in connection with (bio)geochemical cycles or fundamental environmental chemical processes. Environmental analytical chemistry is a multidisciplinary field requiring the cooperation of chemists, biochemists, physicists, engineers and many other specialists, a collaboration which defines and guarantees the development and applicability of robust and highly sensitive sensors for chemical analysis and environmental monitoring. The aim of this book is to give ; an overview of the role of electrochemical sensors in environmental chemical analysis and on their operating principles. It provides detailed information on the applicability of such sensors to the determination of all the different substances of environmental importance. It is designed on one hand as a textbook for students and teachers, and, on the other, as a manual for researchers and applied scientists and engineers who are fully or marginally confronted with problems in context with environmental chemistry. Due to its multidisciplinary character the book synthesizes various viewpoints of different sciences and addresses chemists, physicists, pharmacists, medical doctors, engineers and in fact all who are interested, professionally or non-professionally, in the chemistry of our environment.