Mental health care financing in the process of change : challenges and approaches for Austria / / Ingrid Zechmeister

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910297041103321
• Autore: Zechmeister Ingrid
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Bern, : Peter Lang International Academic Publishing Group, 2018; Frankfurt am Main, Germany : , : Peter Lang, , 2005
• ISBN: 3-631-75434-5
• Edizione: [First edition.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (184 pages)
• Collana: Forschungsergebnisse der Wirtschaftsuniversitaet Wien.
• Disciplina: 362.20425209436
• Soggetti: Mental health services - Austria - Finance; Mental health planning - Austria
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di contenuto: Cover -- LIST OF FIGURES -- LIST OF TABLES -- LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.1. BACKGROUND AND MOTIVATION OF RESEARCH -- 1.2. RESEARCH QUESTION -- 1.3. METHODS, METHODOLOGY AND EPISTEMOLOGICAL BACKGROUND -- 1.4. STRUCTURE -- 2. PERSPECTIVES OF MENTAL ILLNESS -- 2.1. CONCEPTS OF MENTAL ILLNESS FROM A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE -- 2.2. TERMINOLOGY AND DEFINITIONS -- 2.3. DIMENSIONS OF MENTAL ILLNESS -- 2.3.1. Epidemiology -- 2.3.2. Socio-economic Status and Mental Illness -- 2.3.3. The Burden of Mental Illness -- 2.4. CONCLUSION -- 3. MENTAL HEALTH CARE STRUCTURES IN AUSTRIA -- 3.1. MENTAL HEALTH CARE SERVICE CATEGORIES: AN OVERVIEW -- 3.2. MENTAL HEALTH CARE SERVICES WITHIN THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM -- 3.2.1. Primary Care Services -- 3.2.2. Secondary Care Services -- 3.3. MENTAL HEALTH CARE SERVICES OUTSIDE THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM -- 3.3.1. Mobile and Ambulatory Psychiatric Services (MAPS), Social Day Structure Services and Employment Related Services -- 3.3.2. Residential Care -- 3.4. SERVICE PROVIDERS: A PUBLIC-PRIVATE Mix -- 3.5. CONCLUSION -- 4. MENTAL HEALTH CARE FINANCING -- 4.1. AN OVERVIEW OF MENTAL HEALTH CARE FINANCING IN WESTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES -- 4.1.1. Sources of Funding -- 4.1.1.1. Funding Mental Health Care Services within the Health Care System -- 4.1.1.2. Funding Mental Health Care Services outside the Health Care ; System -- 4.1.2. Transfer of Funds and Resource Allocation Processes -- 4.2. CASE-STUDY: UK -- 4.2.1. Sources of Funding -- 4.2.1.1. Funding Mental Health Care Services within the Health Care System -- 4.2.1.2. Funding Mental Health Care Services outside the Health Care System -- 4.2.2. Transfer of Funds and Resource Allocation Processes -- 4.3. CASE-STUDY: GERMANY -- 4.3.1. Sources of Funding -- 4.3.1.1. Funding Mental Health Care Services within the Health Care System.; 4.3.1.2. Funding Mental Health Care Services outside the Health Care System -- 4.3.2. Transfer of Funds and Resource Allocation Processes -- 4.4. CASE-STUDY: AUSTRIA -- 4.4.1. Sources of Funding -- 4.4.1.1. Funding Mental Health Care Services within the Health Care System -- 4.4.1.2. Funding Mental Health Care Services Outside the Health Care System -- 4.4.2. Transfer of Funds and Resource Allocation Processes -- 4.5. CONCLUSION -- 5. PARADIGM SHIFT IN MENTAL HEALTH CARE: AN EXPLORATION OF MENTAL HEALTH CARE REFORM OBJECTIVES AND REFORM PROCESSES -- 5.1. CENTRAL FEATURES OF CHANGE FROM AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE -- 5.2. MENTAL HEALTH CARE REFORM AND REFORM DISCOURSE IN AUSTRIA: A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS -- 5.2.1. Rationale -- Excursus: Theoretical and Methodological Considerations of a 'Critical Discourse Analysis' -- 5.2.2. Empirical Data, Method and Analytical Framework -- 5.2.3. Mental Health Care Policy in Austria since the 1960s: A Brief Historical Overview -- 5.2.4. Mental Health Care Plans in Austria: Development and Contents -- 5.2.5. Analysis of Reform Discourses and Processes -- 5.2.5.1. The Different Faces of Community Mental Health Care -- 5.2.5.2. Actor-relationships and Discourse Struggles -- 5.2.5.3. Mental Health Care between Economisation and Changing Patterns of Governance -- 5.2.5.4. Towards a Liberal Model of Mental Health Care? -- 5.3. CONCLUSION -- 6. MENTAL HEALTH CARE FINANCING IN THE LIGHT OF REFORM OBJECTIVES AND DISCOURSE -- 6.1. ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK -- 6.2. MENTAL HEALTH CARE FINANCING AND IMPACTS ON THE MACRO LEVEL -- 6.2.1. The Changing Role of the State -- 6.2.2. The Rising Position of the 'Market' -- 6.3. MENTAL HEALTH CARE FINANCING AND IMPACTS ON THE MICRO LEVEL -- 6.3.1. Shifting of the Financial Burden on the Individual Level -- 6.3.2. 'Consumers' of Mental Health Care: Opportunities and Pitfalls.; 6.4. CONCLUSION -- 7. CONCLUDING REMARKS: WHAT FINANCING FOR MENTAL HEALTH CARE? -- 7.1. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS -- 7.2. GUIDELINES FOR DISCUSSING FINANCING OPTIONS -- 7.2.1. Content Dimension -- 7.2.2. Process Dimension -- 7.3. CLOSING STATEMENT.
• Sommario/riassunto: While mental health care has undergone substantial reforms, little attention has been paid to financing issues. This book addresses this shortcoming and brings more transparency into the complex relationship between mental health care reform, service provision and financing. Additionally, it provides rich information about the characteristics of mental health care financing in Western Europe. The author analyses the recent mental health care reform discourse against the backdrop of broader political economic developments and demonstrates the role of financing arrangements herein. The book vividly shows how financing is related to specific effects for service users and their relatives in the process of change. In the final part practitioners, planers and policy makers find useful guidelines for developing alternative financing approaches including support to improve understanding of financing issues amongst those involved in mental health care.

Protection Strategy against Spruce Budworm

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910372784003321
• Autore: MacLean David
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2020
• ISBN: 3-03928-097-X
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (220 p.)
• Soggetti: Biology, life sciences
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Sommario/riassunto: Spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)) outbreaks are a dominant natural disturbance in the forests of Canada and northeastern USA. Widespread, severe defoliation by this native insect results in large-scale mortality and growth reductions of spruce (Picea sp.) and balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) forests, and largely determines future age-class structure and productivity. The last major spruce budworm outbreak defoliated over 58 million hectares in the 1970s-1980s, and caused 32-43 million m3/year of timber volume losses from 1978 to 1987, in Canada. Management to deal with spruce budworm outbreaks has emphasized forest protection, spraying registered insecticides to prevent defoliation and keep trees alive. Other tactics can include salvage harvesting, altering harvest schedules to remove the most susceptible stands, or reducing future susceptibility by planting or thinning. Chemical insecticides are no longer used, and protection strategies use biological insecticides Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) or tebufenozide, a specific insect growth regulator. Over the last five years, a $30 million research project has tested another possible management tactic, termed an 'early intervention strategy', aimed at area-wide management of spruce budworm populations. This includes intensive monitoring to detect 'hot spots' of rising budworm populations before defoliation occurs, targeted insecticide treatment to prevent spread, and detailed research into target and non-target insect effects. The objective of this Special ; Issue is to compile the most recent research on protection strategies against spruce budworm. A series of papers will describe results and prospects for the use of an early intervention strategy in spruce budworm and other insect management.