1.

Record Nr.

UNINA9910284954203321

Titolo

Europe's changing woods and forests : from wildwood to managed landscapes / / edited by Keith J. Kirby and Charles Watkins ; contributors, Kjell Andersson [and thirty five others]

Pubbl/distr/stampa

Oxfordshire, England ; ; Boston, Massachusetts : , : CAB International, , 2015

©2015

ISBN

1-78064-338-1

Descrizione fisica

1 online resource (391 p.)

Disciplina

333.75094

634.9

634.92094

Soggetti

Forest ecology - Europe - History

Forest management - Europe - History

Forests and forestry - Europe - History

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Note generali

Description based upon print version of record.

Nota di bibliografia

Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.

Nota di contenuto

Europe's Changing Woods and Forests From Wildwood to Managed Landscapes; Copyright; Contents; Contributors; Preface; Acknowledgements; Part I: Introduction and Overview; 1: Overview of Europe's Woods and Forests; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 The Current State and Composition of European Woods and Forests; 1.2.1 European forests in a global context; 1.2.2 Variation in forest cover across the Continent; 1.2.3 Variation in forest composition; 1.3 Forestry Policy and Cooperation at a European Level; 1.3.1 Forestry policy; 1.3.2 Conservation measures; 1.3.3 Landscape and amenity conservation

1.3.4 Certification as an approach to sustainable forestry management1.3.5 Forest research cooperation across Europe; 1.4 Conclusion; References; 2: Methods and Approaches in the Study of Woodland History; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Oral History; 2.3 Photographs and Drawings; 2.4 Biological Indicators; 2.5 Historical Records; 2.6 Preserved Wood and Dendrochronology; 2.7 Lidar and GIS; 2.8 Applying Archaeological Insights to Ecological Issues; 2.9 Pollen and Charcoal



Analysis; 2.10 Genetic and Molecular Markers; 2.11 Conclusion; References; 3: The Forest Landscape Before Farming

3.1 Where to Begin?3.2 A Cold Open Continent; 3.3 Trees Spread Back After the Ice; 3.3.1 Forming a canopy; 3.3.2 The wood beneath the trees; 3.3.3 Molecular markers for recolonization routes; 3.4 A Holey Blanket of Trees; 3.5 The Role of Large Herbivores, Particularly Bison, Wild Horse and Aurochs; 3.6 People in the Landscape: The Trees in Retreat; References; 4: Evolution of Modern Landscapes; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 The Emergence of Woodland Management; 4.3 Changes in Forest Extent and Distribution; 4.3.1 Reductions in forest cover; 4.3.2 Increases as well as decreases

4.3.3 Patterns of clearance and survival4.3.4 The ecological consequences of a patchy landscape; 4.4 Changes in Structure and Composition Through Management; 4.5 Deliberate Modification of the Tree and Shrub Composition of Forests; 4.6 Other Species Gains and Losses; 4.7 Changes to the Fire Regime; 4.8 Changes to the Forest Soil; 4.9 Forests and Atmospheric Pollution; 4.11 Conclusion; References; Part II: The Variety of Management Across European Woods and Forests; 5: Wood-pastures in Europe; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Wood-pasture: A Multi-purpose System

5.3 Historical Development of Wood-pastures in Europe5.3.1 Forest grazing and pasturing in ancient times; 5.3.2 Driving the livestock out of the forest (18th-19th centuries); 5.3.3 New recognition for wood-pastures?; 5.4 National Inventories of Wood-pastures; 5.5 Wood-pastures as Multifunctional Landscape Elements: Past and Present; 5.6 Threats to Wood-pastures; 5.6.1 Management changes; 5.6.2 Policy mismatch; 5.6.3 Decline of old, hollowing or dying trees; 5.6.4 Lack of regeneration; 5.7 Conclusion; Acknowledgements; References

6: Coppice Silviculture: From the Mesolithic to the 21st Century

Sommario/riassunto

Our understanding of the ecological history of European forests has been transformed in the last twenty years. Bringing together key findings from across the continent, this book provides a comprehensive account of the relevance of historical studies to current conservation and management of forests. It combines theory with a series of regional case studies to show how different aspects of forestry play out according to the landscape and historical context of the local area.