Populism, Populists, and the Crisis of Political Parties : A Comparison of Italy, Austria, and Germany 1990-2015 / / Günther Pallaver, Michael Gehler, Maurizio Cau, editors

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910280879403321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Bologna : , : Società editrice il Mulino Spa, , 2018
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (384 pages)
• Disciplina: 321.8
• Soggetti: Populism; Political science
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Italiano
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di contenuto: Preface -- Introduction -- I. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES AND TRANSFORMATION PROCESS -- Different Paths toward Europe? Germany, Italy, and Austria 1945-2009 -- 1. Preliminary remarks -- 2. Phases of development -- a. Europe against the background of the principle of the nation-state: Italy and Prussia as adversaries of the Hapsburg Monarchy (1859-1871) -- b. Far from a unified central Europe: Divergence in the fragile Triple Alliance (1882-1915) and adversaries in the World War I (1915-1918) -- c. The continued disintegration of Europe: Common revisionism in Germany, Italy, and Austria (1919/20-1931/32) -- d. The weakening of the center of Europe through internal crisis regimes: Italy as the first Fascist dictatorship-Austria and Germany follow later (1922-1933/34) -- e. Active in the self-destruction of Europe: Together into World War II (1935-1943) -- f. Italy's change of alliances, the path of the German Reich, and the "Ostmark" in decline (1943-1945) -- 3. Developments after 1945/1949 -- a. Together in the camp of the unsuccessful and the losers: Italy's farewell to the monarchy and its peace treaty-occupation, division, and the founding of two states in Germany and the reestablishment of Austria (1945-1948/49) -- b. Setting the course for western integration: The Federal Republic of Germany and Italy as the pioneers of Western Europe and Austria's position of the center (1949-1969) -- c. The 1970s: A policy of détente abroad and terrorism ; at home -- d. Continued unification of Western Europe as a common goal: Italy and Germany as drivers and Austria as an outsider and silent partner of integration (the 1980s) -- e. Cooperation and juxtaposition: German unification, political skepticism, and public agreement in Austria and Italy. Maastricht as a solution (1989-1993) -- f. Domestic challenges, problems, and crises: Obstructed and inhibited action for Europe in the second half of the 1990s -- 4. Conclusion -- Right-wing Populism in Europe -- I. Introduction -- II. Populism as a protest movement -- III. Common properties of right-wing populism -- IV. The second generation of right-wing populists -- V. Right-wing populism as exclusionary anti-establishment protest -- VI. Types of right-wing populism -- 1. The ethno-nationalistic type -- 2. The ethno-regionalist subtype -- VII. The national-liberal type -- 1. The Norwegian Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) -- 2. The Dutch Party for Freedom (PVV) -- VIII. Reasons for the emergence of right-wing populism -- 1. The macrostructural level -- 2. The mesostructural level -- 3. The microstructural level -- IX. Concluding Remarks -- Populism: Definitions, Questions, Problems, and Theories -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Defining populism: Mobilization, leadership and style, or ideology? -- 3. The core structure of populist ideology -- 4. Varieties of populism: Radical right, neoliberal, and radical left -- 5. Populism and democracy: Symptom, corrective, or threat? -- 6. Reactions to populism: The dilemma of "tolerance for the intolerant" -- Populism vs Constitutionalism. The Theoretical Core of Populist Ideology and the Foundations of the Democratic System -- 1. Preliminary definitions. The conceptual spectrum of populism -- 2. Populism vs con?stitutionalism -- 3. The idea of a people -- 4. Popular sovereignty -- 5. The system of political representation -- 6. Conclusions -- Populism in the Mainstream Media. Germany, Austria, and Italy in Comparison -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Austria -- 3. The Federal Republic of Germany -- 4. Italy -- 5. Digression: The role of the new media -- 6. Populism as a variable of the media system -- II. POLITICAL ACTORS SHAPING THE POPULIST CHALLENGE -- Jörg Haider and His Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Jörg Haider: The early years -- 3. Electoral success -- 4. Who is number one, who is number two? -- 5. Haider and the BZÖ -- 6. Right-wing extremism -- 7. The end-What is left of the politician Jörg Haider -- 8. The FPÖ after Haider -- The Northern League: Bossi, Salvini, and the Many Faces of Populism -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The LN's populist ideology -- 3. Three challenges for the LN -- 4. The LN and the political discourse about the EU -- 5. Conclusion -- Berlusconi as a Circumstantial Populist -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The transformation of the political -- a. We want it all -- b. Enlarging democracy -- c. Deepening democracy -- d. Processes of depoliticization -- e. The crisis of representation -- f. The competitive self-delegitimation of the political -- 3. Tangentopoli -- 4. Berlusconi's Populism -- Gianfranco Fini. From Neofascist "Dauphin" to anti-Fascist "Traitor" -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The newcomer -- 3. Berlusconi's ally -- 4. Fini's anti-populist turn -- "Alternative für Deutschland". The Belated Arrival of Right-wing Populism in the Federal Republic -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Ideological placement and political objectives -- 3. Internal development and party split -- 4. Reaching new electoral heights due to the refugee crisis -- 5. Conclusion: On the path toward a six-party system? -- Angela Merkel and Romano Prodi: Antithesis of Populism? -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The case of Angela Merkel -- a. A misfit to power: Accident or strategy? -- b. Decisions on an ethical basis -- c. The refugee crisis and European populism -- d. Merkel's fight against populism -- 3. The case of Romano Prodi -- 4. Merkel and Prodi: A comparison -- III. EUROPEAN POLITICAL PARTIES, THEIR ; RESPONSE TO THE POPULIST CHALLENGE, AND THEIR TREATMENT OF POPULISM -- Between Collaboration and Demarcation. The European People's Party and the Populist Wave -- I. Introduction -- II. Liberal democracy, Europe, the EPP, and the "populist threat" -- 1. Populism and European integration -- 2. The EPP and the challenges of European democracy -- III. Mapping out a diverse set of strategies -- 1. The Challenge of European Christian Democracy -- 2. Fallout of the EPP's broadening strategy -- 3. Populism among the ranks of the EPP -- 4. Rebels at the edge of Europe -- IV. Conclusion -- ?Social Democracy and the Challenge of Populism -- The Greens and Populism: A Contradiction in Terms? -- 1. The specter -- 2. The phenomenon of populism -- 3. New social and communicative configurations -- 4. The Greens: Opponents of populism? -- 5. The concurrent rise of the Greens and populist movements from 1980 onwards -- 6. Between coordination and fragmentation -- 7. The early beginnings of left-wing populism -- 8. Professionalized and ready for government, but Eurosceptic -- 9. A transition in European politics -- 10. Opposing right-wing populism: An opportunity to remodel the Green party -- 11. Learning from confrontations -- European Liberal Parties and the Challenge of Populism -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Liberal parties and populism: Examples -- 3. Conclusion -- ?Populism. A Short Conclusion to the Volume -- 1. Populism -- 2. Populism-form and methods -- 3. Populisms-substance: Exclusivity -- 4. Populism-who are the "Defining Others"? -- 5. Populism-party typology: A new class party or (and?) a new catch-all party -- Index.
• Sommario/riassunto: The last decades have witnessed a renaissance and a new boom in the concept of populism. What was decisive for this trend was the electoral success of various populist political parties and leaders. Scholars of history and social sciences have attempted to define, delineate, and categorize populism, which has resulted in different theoretical approaches and explanatory models. One approach understands populism as a "thin centered" ideology, i.e. one that is slim and unfinished. A second approach views populism as a strategic concept for political mobilization primarily concentrated on three strategic aspects: policy choices, political organization, and forms of mobilization. A third approach describes populism as a form of communication based on the dichotomy between the positively perceived collective and the negatively perceived elites.